对数函数计算公式是什么？

运算法则公式如下：1、lnx+ lny=lnxy2、lnx-lny=ln(x/y)3、lnxu207f=nlnx4、ln(u207f√x)=lnx/n5、lne=1对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0，且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。对数运算，实际上也就是指数在运算。应用对数在数学内外有许多应用。这些事件中的一些与尺度不变性的概念有关。例如，鹦鹉螺的壳的每个室是下一个的大致副本，由常数因子缩放。这引起了对数螺旋。Benford关于领先数字分配的定律也可以通过尺度不变性来解释。对数也与自相似性相关。例如，对数算法出现在算法分析中，通过将算法分解为两个类似的较小问题并修补其解决方案来解决问题。以上内容参考：百度百科-对数

对数函数公式是：loga(MN)=logaM+logaNloga(M/N)=logaM-logaNlogaNn=nlogaN(n,M,N∈R)如果a=em，则m为数a的自然对数，即lna=m，e=2.718281828…为自然对数的底，其为无限不循环小数。定义：若an=b（a>0，a≠1）则n=logab。log在高中数学里表示对数。一般地，函数y=logax（a>0，且a≠1）叫做对数函数，也就是说以幂（真数）为自变量，指数为因变量，底数为常量的函数，叫对数函数。通常我们将以10为底的对数叫常用对数（common logarithm），并把log10N记为lgN。另外，在科学计数中常使用以无理数e=2.71828......为底数的对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数（natural logarithm），并且把logeN 记为In N。

对数基本恒等式：a^log_a_N=N 积的对数等于对数的和log(MN)=logM+logN 省略底数a 商的对数等于对数的差log(M/N)=logM-logN 幂的对数等于对数的对数乘指数log(N^m)=mlogN 根式的对数等于被开方数的对数除以根指数log[N^(1/n)]=(1/n)logN对数的换底公式：log_b_N=log_a_N/log_a_b

(1)性质①loga(1)=0；②loga(a)=1；③负数与零无对数.④log(0)=1(2)运算法则　　①loga(MN)=logaM+logaN；　　②loga(M/N)=logaM－logaN；　　③对logaM中M的n次方有=nlogaM；　　如果a=e^m，则m为数a的自然对数，即lna=m，e=2.718281828…为自然对数的底。3)换底公式　　logaN=(logmN)/(logma)(4)推导公式　　log(1/a)(1/b)=loga(b)　　loga(b)*logb(a)=1

对数的性质及推导用^表示乘方，用log(a)(b)表示以a为底，b的对数*表示乘号，/表示除号定义式：若a^n=b(a>0且a≠1)则n=log(a)(b)基本性质：1.a^(log(a)(b))=b2.log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);3.log(a)(M/N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);4.log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)推导1.这个就不用推了吧，直接由定义式可得(把定义式中的[n=log(a)(b)]带入a^n=b)2.MN=M*N由基本性质1(换掉M和N)a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^[log(a)(M)] * a^[log(a)(N)]由指数的性质a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] + [log(a)(N)]}又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以log(a)(MN) = log(a)(M) + log(a)(N)3.与2类似处理MN=M/N由基本性质1(换掉M和N)a^[log(a)(M/N)] = a^[log(a)(M)] / a^[log(a)(N)]由指数的性质a^[log(a)(M/N)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] - [log(a)(N)]}又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以log(a)(M/N) = log(a)(M) - log(a)(N)4.与2类似处理M^n=M^n由基本性质1(换掉M)a^[log(a)(M^n)] = {a^[log(a)(M)]}^n由指数的性质a^[log(a)(M^n)] = a^{[log(a)(M)]*n}又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)其他性质：性质一：换底公式log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a)推导如下N = a^[log(a)(N)]a = b^[log(b)(a)]综合两式可得N = {b^[log(b)(a)]}^[log(a)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}又因为N=b^[log(b)(N)]所以b^[log(b)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}所以log(b)(N) = [log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)] {这步不明白或有疑问看上面的}所以log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a)性质二：（不知道什么名字）log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]推导如下由换底公式[lnx是log(e)(x),e称作自然对数的底]log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(a^n) / ln(b^n)由基本性质4可得log(a^n)(b^m) = [n*ln(a)] / [m*ln(b)] = (m/n)*{[ln(a)] / [ln(b)]}再由换底公式log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]--------------------------------------------（性质及推导 完 ）公式三:log(a)(b)=1/log(b)(a)证明如下:由换底公式 log(a)(b)=log(b)(b)/log(b)(a) ----取以b为底的对数,log(b)(b)=1=1/log(b)(a)还可变形得:log(a)(b)*log(b)(a)=1 很高兴为你解答，满意请采纳

log对数函数基本公式是y=logax（a>0 & a≠1）。对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0,且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常我们将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。表达方式（1）常用对数：lg（b）＝log10b（10为底数）。（2）自然对数：ln（b）＝logeb（e为底数）。e为无限不循环小数，通常情况下只取e=2.71828。

对数运算法则，是一种特殊的运算方法。指积、商、幂、方根的对数的运算法则。在数学中，对数是对求幂的逆运算，正如除法是乘法的倒数，反之亦然。这意味着一个数字的对数是必须产生另一个固定数字的指数。一般来说，乘幂允许将任何正实数提高到任何实际功率，总是产生正的结果，因此可以对于b不等于1的任何两个正实数b和x计算对数。由指数和对数的互相转化关系可得出：两个正数的积的对数，等于同一底数的这两个数的对数的和，两个正数商的对数，等于同一底数的被除数的对数减去除数对数的差，一个正数幂的对数，等于幂的底数的对数乘以幂的指数，若式中幂指数则有以下的正数的算术根的对数运算法则：一个正数的算术根的对数，等于被开方数的对数除以根指数。运算法则公式如下：1.lnx+lny=lnxy2.lnx-lny=ln3.lnx_=nlnx4.ln=lnx/n5.lne=16.ln1=0对数的概念：在数学中，对数是对求幂的逆运算，正如除法是乘法的倒数，反之亦然。这意味着一个数字的对数是必须产生另一个固定数字的指数。在简单的情况下，乘数中的对数计数因子。更一般来说，乘幂允许将任何正实数提高到任何实际功率，总是产生正的结果，因此可以对于b不等于1的。

(loga(x))"=1/(xlna)特别地(lnx)"=1/x对数和对数函数是高中数学的重要内容，是高考的必考知识，需要同学们无条件地掌握。但是很多同学在高一时就没有掌握好对数知识，以至于成为整个高中阶段数学学习的绊脚石。大多同学没学好对数知识，主要原因是觉得对数的公式太多，杂乱无章。其中要注意的是：加（减）法则：[f(x)+g(x)]"=f(x)"+g(x)"乘法法则：[f(x)*g(x)]"=f(x)"*g(x)+g(x)"*f(x)除法法则：[f(x)/g(x)]"=[f(x)"*g(x)-g(x)"*f(x)]/g(x)^2log函数对数注意对数起初是为了解决天文学中的计算问题而产生的，因为实际应用性强，所以应用范围更广。特别是，在自然科学中，自然对数lnx应用更加普遍。在高考中，对数问题比比皆是，尤其是函数与导数压轴题中，经常出现自然对数函数f(x)=lnx及复合函数。因而，对数函数是复习函数的重中之重。

1、a^log(a)(b)=b 2、log(a)(a)=1 3、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N); 4、log(a(M÷N) =log(a)(M)-log(a)(N) 5、log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M) 6、log(a)[M^（1/n）]=log(a)(M)/n （注：上文^均为上标符号,例：a^n即为a的n次方）　　7.logab*logba=1

01 log公式运算法则有：loga(MN)=logaM+logaN；loga(M/N)=logaM-logaN；logaNnx=nlogaM。如果a=em，则m为数a的自然对数，即lna=m，e=2.718281828u2026为自然对数的底，其为无限不循环小数。定义：若an=b（a>0，au22601）则n=logab。 自然对数的运算公式和法则：loga(MN)=logaM+logaN；loga(M/N)=logaM－logaN；对logaM中M的n次方有=nlogaM；如果a=e^m，则m为数a的自然对数，即lna=m，e=2.718281828u2026为自然对数的底。 e是“指数”（exponential）的首字母，也是欧拉名字的首字母。和圆周率u03c0及虚数单位i一样，e是最重要的数学常数之一。第一次把e看成常数的是雅各布u2022伯努利，他尝试计算lim（1+1/n） n 的值，1727年欧拉首次用小写字母“e”表示这常数，此后遂成标准。 自然对数的底e是一个令人不可思议的常数，一个由lim(1+1/n)^n定义出的常数，居然在数学和物理中频频出现，简直可以说是无处不在。这实在是让我们不得不敬畏这神奇的数学世界。

logaMN＝logaM+logaN logaM/logaN=logaM-logaN logaM^n=nlogaM logbN=logaNb/logab logaB乘logbA=1 logaB*logbC*logcD=logaD loga(m)b(n)=n/mlogaB 1.换底公式 log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a) 设N＝logab（表示以a为底b的对数） 2.b＝a^N lnb=Nlna N=lnb/lna

a^y=x→y=log(a)(x) [y=log以a为底x的对数]这就是将指数转换为对数。对数函数的一般形式为 y=logax，它实际上就是指数函数的反函数（图象关于直线y=x对称的两函数互为反函数），可表示为x=a^y，因此指数函数里对于a存在规定——a>0且a≠1，对于不同大小a会形成不同的函数图形：关于X轴对称，当a>1时，a越大，图像越靠近x轴、当0<a<1时，a越小，图像越靠近x轴。a叫做对数的底数，N叫做真数：1、特别地，我们称以10为底的对数叫做常用对数（common logarithm），并记为lgN。2、称以无理数e（e=2.71828…）为底的对数称为自然对数（natural logarithm），并记为lnN。3、零没有对数。4、在实数范围内，负数无对数。在虚数范围内，负数是有对数的。

公式如下：1、a^log(a)(b)=b2、log(a)(a)=13、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);4、log(a)(M÷N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);5、log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)6、log(a)[M^（1/n）]=log(a)(M)/n7、logab*logba=18、log(a^n)(b^m)=log(e^y)(e^x)=x/y　　x=ln(b^m),y=ln(a^n)　　得：log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(b^m）÷ln(a^n)希望我的回答能够帮到你。

自然对数是以常数e为底数的对数，记作lnN（N>0）。对数ln公式：ln ( mn ) =ln m +ln n ;ln ( m / n ) =ln m -ln n ;ln （ m ^ n ) =nln m ;ln 1 =0;ln e =1。 自然对数是以常数e为底数的对数，记作lnN(N>0)。在物理学，生物学等自然科学中有重要的意义，一般表示方法为lnx。数学中也常见以logx表示自然对数。常数e的含义是单位时间内，持续的翻倍增长所能达到的极限值。当自然对数lnN中真数为连续自变量时，称为对数函数，记作y=lnx(x为自变量，y为因变量)。 一般地，对数函数是以幂(真数)为自变量，指数为因变量，底数为常量的函数。对数函数是6类基本初等函数之一。其中对数的定义：如果ax=N(a>0，且a≠1)，那么数x叫做以a为底N的对数，记作x=logaN，读作以a为底N的对数，其中a叫做对数的底数，N叫做真数。 一般地，函数y=logaX(a>0，且a≠1)叫做对数函数，也就是说以幂(真数)为自变量，指数为因变量，底数为常量的函数，叫对数函数。其中x是自变量，函数的定义域是(0，+∞)，即x>0。它实际上就是指数函数的反函数，可表示为x=ay。因此指数函数里对于a的规定，同样适用于对数函数。

1)性质：①loga(1)=0；②loga(a)=1；③负数与零无对数.2)运算法则：①loga(MN)=logaM+logaN；②loga(M/N)=logaM－logaN；③对logaM中M的n次方有=nlogaM；如果a=e^m，则m为数a的自然对数，即lna=m，e=2.718281828…为自然对数的底。3)换底公式logaN=(logmN)/(logma)换底公式4)推导公式log(1/a)(1/b)=loga(b)loga(b)*logb(a)=15)求导数(logax)"=1/xlna特殊的即a=e时有(lnx)"=1/x

1对数的概念如果a(a>0,且a≠1)的b次幂等于N,即ab=N,那么数b叫做以a为底N的对数,记作：logaN=b,其中a叫做对数的底数,N叫做真数.由定义知：①负数和零没有对数;②a>0且a≠1,N>0;③loga1=0,logaa=1,alogaN=N,logaab=b.特别地,以10为底的对数叫常用对数,记作log10N,简记为lgN；以无理数e(e=2.71828…)为底的对数叫做自然对数,记作logeN,简记为lnN.2对数式与指数式的互化式子名称abN指数式ab=N(底数)(指数)(幂值)对数式logaN=b(底数)(对数)(真数)3对数的运算性质如果a>0,a≠1,M>0,N>0,那么(1)loga(MN)=logaM+logaN.(2)logaMN=logaM-logaN.(3)logaMn=nlogaM(n∈R).问：①公式中为什么要加条件a>0,a≠1,M>0,N>0?②logaan=?(n∈R)③对数式与指数式的比较.(学生填表)式子ab=NlogaN=b名称a—幂的底数b—N—a—对数的底数b—N—运算性质am·an=am+nam÷an=(am)n=(a>0且a≠1,n∈R)logaMN=logaM+logaNlogaMN=logaMn=(n∈R)(a>0,a≠1,M>0,N>0)难点疑点突破对数定义中,为什么要规定a＞0,且a≠1?理由如下：①若a＜0,则N的某些值不存在,例如log-28ue010②若a=0,则N≠0时b不存在；N=0时b不惟一,可以为任何正数ue010③若a=1时,则N≠1时b不存在；N=1时b也不惟一,可以为任何正数ue010为了避免上述各种情况,所以规定对数式的底是一个不等于1的正数ue010解题方法技巧1(1)将下列指数式写成对数式：①54=625；②2-6=164；③3x=27；④13m=5ue01073.（2）将下列对数式写成指数式：①log1216=-4；②log2128=7；③log327=x；④lg0.01=-2；⑤ln10=2.303；⑥lgπ=k.解析由对数定义：ab=Nue039logaN=b.解答(1)①log5625=4.②log2164=-6.③log327=x.④log135.73=m.解题方法指数式与对数式的互化,必须并且只需紧紧抓住对数的定义：ab=Nue039logaN=b.(2)①12-4=16.②27=128.③3x=27.④10-2=0.01.⑤e2.303=10.⑥10k=π.2根据下列条件分别求x的值：(1)log8x=-23；(2)log2(log5x)=0；(3)logx27=31+log32；(4)logx(2+3)=-1.解析(1)对数式化指数式,得：x=8-23=?(2)log5x=20=1.x=?(3)31+log32=3×3log32=?27=x?(4)2+3=x-1=1x.x=?解答(1)x=8-23=(23)-23=2-2=14.(2)log5x=20=1,x=51=5.(3)logx27=3×3log32=3×2=6,∴x6=27=33=(3)6,故x=3.(4)2+3=x-1=1x,∴x=12+3=2-3.解题技巧①转化的思想是一个重要的数学思想,对数式与指数式有着密切的关系,在解决有关问题时,经常进行着两种形式的相互转化.②熟练应用公式：loga1=0,logaa=1,alogaM=M,logaan=n.3已知logax=4,logay=5,求A=〔x·3x-1y2〕12的值.解析思路一,已知对数式的值,要求指数式的值,可将对数式转化为指数式,再利用指数式的运算求值；思路二,对指数式的两边取同底的对数,再利用对数式的运算求值ue010解答解法一∵logax=4,logay=5,∴x=a4,y=a5,∴A=x512y-13=(a4)512(a5)-13=a53·a-53=a0=1.解法二对所求指数式两边取以a为底的对数得logaA=loga(x512y-13)=512logax-13logay=512×4-13×5=0,∴A=1.解题技巧有时对数运算比指数运算来得方便,因此以指数形式出现的式子,可利用取对数的方法,把指数运算转化为对数运算.4设x,y均为正数,且x·y1+lgx=1(x≠110),求lg(xy)的取值范围.解析一个等式中含两个变量x、y,对每一个确定的正数x由等式都有惟一的正数y与之对应,故y是x的函数,从而lg(xy)也是x的函数.因此求lg(xy)的取值范围实际上是一个求函数值域的问题,怎样才能建立这种函数关系呢?能否对已知的等式两边也取对数?解答∵x>0,y>0,x·y1+lgx=1,两边取对数得：lgx+(1+lgx)lgy=0.即lgy=-lgx1+lgx(x≠110,lgx≠-1).令lgx=t,则lgy=-t1+t(t≠-1).∴lg(xy)=lgx+lgy=t-t1+t=t21+t.解题规律对一个等式两边取对数是解决含有指数式和对数式问题的常用的有效方法；而变量替换可把较复杂问题转化为较简单的问题.设S=t21+t,得关于t的方程t2-St-S=0有实数解.∴Δ=S2+4S≥0,解得S≤-4或S≥0,故lg(xy)的取值范围是(-∞,-4〕∪〔0,+∞).5求值：(1)lg25+lg2·lg50+(lg2)2；(2)2log32-log3329+log38-52log53；(3)设lga+lgb=2lg(a-2b),求log2a-log2b的值;(4)求7lg20·12lg0.7的值.解析(1)25=52,50=5×10.都化成lg2与lg5的关系式.(2)转化为log32的关系式.(3)所求log2a-log2b=log2ab由已知等式给出了a,b之间的关系,能否从中求出ab的值呢?(4)7lg20·12lg0.7是两个指数幂的乘积,且指数含常用对数,设x=7lg20·12lg0.7能否先求出lgx,再求x?解答(1)原式=lg52+lg2·lg(10×5)+(lg2)2=2lg5+lg2·(1+lg5)+(lg2)2=lg5·(2+lg2)+lg2+(lg2)2=lg102·(2+lg2)+lg2+(lg2)2=(1-lg2)(2+lg2)+lg2+(lg2)2=2-lg2-(lg2)2+lg2+(lg2)2=2.(2)原式=2log32-(log325-log332)+log323-5log59=2log32-5log32+2+3log32-9=-7.(3)由已知lgab=lg(a-2b)2(a-2b>0),∴ab=(a-2b)2,即a2-5ab+4b2=0.∴ab=1或ab=4,这里a>0,b>0.若ab=1,则a-2b0,a≠1,c>0,c≠1,N>0)；(2)logab·logbc=logac；(3)logab=1logba(b>0,b≠1)；(4)loganbm=mnlogab.解析(1)设logaN=b得ab=N,两边取以c为底的对数求出b就可能得证.(2)中logbc能否也换成以a为底的对数.(3)应用(1)将logab换成以b为底的对数.(4)应用(1)将loganbm换成以a为底的对数.解答(1)设logaN=b,则ab=N,两边取以c为底的对数得：b·logca=logcN,∴b=logcNlogca.∴logaN=logcNlogca.(2)由(1)logbc=logaclogab.所以logab·logbc=logab·logaclogab=logac.(3)由(1)logab=logbblogba=1logba.解题规律(1)中logaN=logcNlogca叫做对数换底公式,(2)(3)(4)是(1)的推论,它们在对数运算和含对数的等式证明中经常应用.对于对数的换底公式,既要善于正用,也要善于逆用.(4)由(1)loganbm=logabmlogaan=mlogabnlogaa=mnlogab.7已知log67=a,3b=4,求log127.解析依题意a,b是常数,求log127就是要用a,b表示log127,又3b=4即log34=b,能否将log127转化为以6为底的对数,进而转化为以3为底呢?解答已知log67=a,log34=b,∴log127=log67log612=a1+log62.又log62=log32log36=log321+log32,由log34=b,得2log32=b.∴log32=b2,∴log62=b21+b2=b2+b.∴log127=a1+b2+b=a(2+b)2+2b.解题技巧利用已知条件求对数的值,一般运用换底公式和对数运算法则,把对数用已知条件表示出来,这是常用的方法技巧ue0108已知x,y,z∈R+,且3x=4y=6z.(1)求满足2x=py的p值；(2)求与p最接近的整数值；(3)求证：12y=1z-1x.解析已知条件中给出了指数幂的连等式,能否引进中间量m,再用m分别表示x,y,z?又想,对于指数式能否用对数的方法去解答?解答（1）解法一3x=4yue03clog33x=log34yue03cx=ylog34ue03c2x=2ylog34=ylog316,∴p=log316.解法二设3x=4y=m,取对数得：x·lg3=lgm,ylg4=lgm,∴x=lgmlg3,y=lgmlg4,2x=2lgmlg3,py=plgmlg4.由2y=py,得2lgmlg3=plgmlg4,∴p=2lg4lg3=lg42lg3=log316.(2)∵2=log390,a2+b2=7ab.求证式中真数都只含a,b的一次式,想：能否将真数中的一次式也转化为二次,进而应用a2+b2=7ab?解答logma+b3=logm(a+b3)212=解题技巧①将a+b3向二次转化以利于应用a2+b2=7ab是技巧之一.②应用a2+b2=7ab将真数的和式转化为ab的乘积式,以便于应用对数运算性质是技巧之二.12logma+b32=12logma2+b2+2ab9.∵a2+b2=7ab,∴logma+b3=12logm7ab+2ab9=12logmab=12(logma+logmb),即logma+b3=12(logma+logmb).思维拓展发散1数学兴趣小组专门研究了科学记数法与常用对数间的关系.设真数N=a×10n.其中N>0,1≤alogk44>logk66>0,∴3x0).∴10t>1,ax2-2(a+1)x-1>1,∴ax2-2(a+1)x-2>0.①当a=0时,解集｛x|x

具体运算公式如上图所示。对数函数的定义：一般地，函数y=logax（a>0，且a≠1）叫做对数函数，也就是说以幂为自变量，指数为因变量，底数为常量的函数，叫对数函数。其中x是自变量，函数的定义域是（0，+∞）。它实际上就是指数函数的反函数，可表示为x=ay。对数函数的基本性质：（1）对数函数的定义域为大于0的实数集合。（2）对数函数的值域为全部实数集合。（3）函数总是通过（1，0）这点。（4）a大于1时，为单调递增函数，并且上凸；a小于1大于0时，函数为单调递减函数，并且下凹。（5）显然对数函数无界。

对数函数的公式是：（1）log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N)。（2）log(a)(M/N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N)。（3）log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M) （n∈R）。（4）log(a^n)(M)=1/nlog(a)(M)(n∈R)。（5）换底公式：log(A)M=log(b)M/log(b)A (b>0且b≠1）。（6）log(a^n)M^m=(m/n)log(a)M。（7）对数恒等式：a^log（a)N=N; 　log（a）a^b=b。对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0,且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常我们将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。

对数函数的公式是x=log(a)(N)。对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0，且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常我们将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。实际应用：通常我们将以10为底的对数叫常用对数（common logarithm），并把log10N记为lgN。另外，在科学计数中常使用以无理数e=2.71828，为底数的对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数（natural logarithm），并且把logeN记为In N。

加法公式：同一底数的这两个数的对数的和等于两个正数的积的对数；减法公式：同一底数的被除数的对数减去除数对数的差等于两个正数商的对数。扩展资料：1、一个正数幂的对数，等于幂的底数的对数乘以幂的指数，即2、若式中幂指数则有以下的正数的算术根的对数运算法则:一个正数的算术根的对数，等于被开方数的对数除以根指数，即参考资料来源：百度百科-对数运算法则

对数函数没有特定的积分公式，一般按照分部积分来计算。例如：积分ln(x)dx原式=xlnx-∫xdlnx=xlnx-∫x*1/xdx=xlnx-∫dx=xlnx-x+c1.一般地，如果ax=n（a>0，且a≠1），那么数x叫做以a为底n的对数，记作x=logan，读作以a为底n的对数，其中a叫做对数的底数，n叫做真数。2.一般地，函数y=logax（a>0，且a≠1）叫做对数函数，也就是说以幂为自变量，指数为因变量，底数为常量的函数，叫对数函数。3.积分是微分的逆运算，即知道了函数的导函数，反求原函数。在应用上，积分作用不仅如此，它被大量应用于求和，通俗的说是求曲边三角形的面积，这巧妙的求解方法是积分特殊的性质决定的。

在对数函数中，当a>0且a≠1时,M>0,N>0,那么：logu2090(MN)=logu2090M+logu2090N；logu2090(M/N)=logu2090M-logu2090N；logu2090(M^n)=nlogu2090M（n∈R） 。

对数公式推导：log(1/a)(1/b)=log(a^-1)(b^-1)=-1logab/-1=loga(b)，loga(b)×logb(a)=1，loge(x)=ln(x)，lg(x)=log10(x)。对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0，且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。

log公式运算公式：loga(MN)=logaM+logaN;loga(M/N)=logaM-logaN； logaNnx=nlogaM。log梗概：对数（logarithm）是对求幂的逆运算，一个数字的对数是必须产生另一个固定数字（基数）的指数。对数的符号log出自拉丁文logarithm，最早由意大利数学家卡瓦列里（Cavalieri）所使用。如果a的x次方等于N(a>0，且a不等于1)，那么数x叫做以a为底N的对数，记作x=logaN。其中，a叫做对数的底数，N叫做真数。对数在数学内外有许多应用。这些事件中的一些与尺度不变性的概念有关。例如，鹦鹉螺的壳的每个室是下一个的大致副本，由常数因子缩放。这引起了对数螺旋。Benford关于领先数字分配的定律也可以通过尺度不变性来解释。对数也与自相似性相关。例如，对数算法出现在算法分析中，通过将算法分解为两个类似的较小问题并修补其解决方案来解决问题。自相似几何形状的尺寸，即其部分类似于整体图像的形状也基于对数。对数刻度对于量化与其绝对差异相反的值的相对变化是有用的。此外，由于对数函数log（x）对于大的x而言增长非常缓慢，所以使用对数标度来压缩大规模科学数据。对数也出现在许多科学公式中，例如Tsiolkovsky火箭方程，Fenske方程或能斯特方程。

用^表示乘方，用log(a)(b)表示以a为底，b的对数*表示乘号，/表示除号定义式：若a^n=b(a>0且a≠1)则n=log(a)(b)基本性质：1.a^(log(a)(b))=b2.log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);3.log(a)(M/N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);4.log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)推导1.这个就不用推了吧，直接由定义式可得(把定义式中的[n=log(a)(b)]带入a^n=b)2.MN=M*N由基本性质1(换掉M和N)a^[log(a)(MN)]=a^[log(a)(M)]*a^[log(a)(N)]由指数的性质a^[log(a)(MN)]=a^{[log(a)(M)]+[log(a)(N)]}又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N)3.与2类似处理MN=M/N由基本性质1(换掉M和N)a^[log(a)(M/N)]=a^[log(a)(M)]/a^[log(a)(N)]由指数的性质a^[log(a)(M/N)]=a^{[log(a)(M)]-[log(a)(N)]}又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以log(a)(M/N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N)4.与2类似处理M^n=M^n由基本性质1(换掉M)a^[log(a)(M^n)]={a^[log(a)(M)]}^n由指数的性质a^[log(a)(M^n)]=a^{[log(a)(M)]*n}又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)

对数运算10个公式如下：1、lnx+lny=lnxy。2、lnx-lny=ln(x/y)。3、Inxn=nlnx。4、In(n√x)=lnx/n。5、lne=1。6、In1=0。7、Iog(A*B*C)=logA+logB+logC；logA"n=nlogA。8、logaY =logbY/logbA。9、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N)。10、Iog(A)M=log(b)M/log(b)A(b>0Eb#1)。对数介绍在数学中，对数是对求幂的逆运算，正如除法是乘法的倒数，反之亦然。这意味着一个数字的对数是必须产生另一个固定数字（基数）的指数。在简单的情况下，乘数中的对数计数因子。更一般来说，乘幂允许将任何正实数提高到任何实际功率，总是产生正的结果，因此可以对于b不等于1的任何两个正实数b和x计算对数。

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定义： 　　若a^n=b(a>0且a≠1) 　　则n=log(a)(b) 　　基本性质： 　　1、a^(log(a)(b))=b 　　2、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N); 　　3、log(a)(M÷N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N); 　　4、log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M) 　　推导 　　1、因为n=log(a)(b)，代入则a^n=b，即a^(log(a)(b))=b。 　　2、MN=M×N 　　由基本性质1(换掉M和N) 　　a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^[log(a)(M)]×a^[log(a)(N)] 　　由指数的性质 　　a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] + [log(a)(N)]} 　　又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以 　　log(a)(MN) = log(a)(M) + log(a)(N) 　　3、与（2）类似处理 　　MN=M÷N 　　由基本性质1(换掉M和N) 　　a^[log(a)(M÷N)] = a^[log(a)(M)]÷a^[log(a)(N)] 　　由指数的性质 　　a^[log(a)(M÷N)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] - [log(a)(N)]} 　　又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以 　　log(a)(M÷N) = log(a)(M) - log(a)(N) 　　4、与（2）类似处理 　　M^n=M^n 　　由基本性质1(换掉M) 　　a^[log(a)(M^n)] = {a^[log(a)(M)]}^n 　　由指数的性质 　　a^[log(a)(M^n)] = a^{[log(a)(M)]*n} 　　又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以 　　log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)　　基本性质4推广　　log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]　　推导如下：　　由换底公式（换底公式见下面）[lnx是log(e)(x)，e称作自然对数的底] 　　log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(b^m)÷ln(a^n)　　由基本性质4可得　　log(a^n)(b^m) = [m×ln(b)]÷[n×ln(a)] = (m÷n)×{[ln(b)]÷[ln(a)]}　　再由换底公式　　log(a^n)(b^m)=m÷n×[log(a)(b)] --------------------------------------------（性质及推导 完） 编辑本段函数图象　　1.对数函数的图象都过(1,0)点.　　2.对于y=log(a)(n)函数, 　　①,当0<a<1时,图象上函数显示为(0,+∞)单减.随着a 的增大,图象逐渐以(1,0)点为轴顺时针转动,但不超过X=1.　　②当a>1时,图象上显示函数为(0,+∞)单增,随着a的增大,图象逐渐以(1.0)点为轴逆时针转动,但不超过X=1.　　3.与其他函数与反函数之间图象关系相同,对数函数和指数函数的图象关于直线y=x对称. 编辑本段其他性质　　性质一：换底公式　　log(a)(N)=log(b)(N)÷log(b)(a)　　推导如下：　　N = a^[log(a)(N)]　　a = b^[log(b)(a)]　　综合两式可得　　N = {b^[log(b)(a)]}^[log(a)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}　　又因为N=b^[log(b)(N)]　　所以 b^[log(b)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}　　所以 log(b)(N) = [log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)] {这步不明白或有疑问看上面的}　　所以log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a)　　公式二：log(a)(b)=1/log(b)(a)　　证明如下：　　由换底公式 log(a)(b)=log(b)(b)/log(b)(a) ----取以b为底的对数　　log(b)(b)=1 =1/log(b)(a) 还可变形得: log(a)(b)×log(b)(a)=1 　　在实用上，常采用以10为底的对数，并将对数记号简写为lgb,称为常用对数，它适用于求十进伯制整数或小数的对数。例如lg10=1,lg100=lg102=2,lg4000=lg（103×4）=3+lg4,可见只要对某一范围的数编制出对数表，便可利用来计算其他十进制数的对数的近似值。在数学理论上一般都用以无理数e=2.7182818……为底的对数，并将记号 loge。简写为ln，称为自然对数，因为自然对数函数的导数表达式特别简洁，所以显出了它比其他对数在理论上的优越性。历史上，数学工作者们编制了多种不同精确度的常用对数表和自然对数表。但随着电子技术的发展，这些数表已逐渐被现代的电子计算工具所取代。

加法公式：同一底数的这两个数的对数的和等于两个正数的积的对数；减法公式：同一底数的被除数的对数减去除数对数的差等于两个正数商的对数。扩展资料：1、一个正数幂的对数，等于幂的底数的对数乘以幂的指数，即2、若式中幂指数则有以下的正数的算术根的对数运算法则:一个正数的算术根的对数，等于被开方数的对数除以根指数，即参考资料来源：百度百科-对数运算法则

log(a^n)(M)=log(a)(M)/log(a)(a^n)=log(a)(M)/n.也就是说x等于n分之一。其中第一个等号是用换底公式算的，换底公式是log(a)(b)=log(c)(b)/log(c)(a).

lg对数的计算公式：a^(log(a)(N))=a^t。对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0，且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常我们将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。一个数，它的对数是已知数，就称此数为已知数的真数。真数亦称反对数，是相对于假数(即对数)而言的数。始见于《数理精蕴》下编卷三十八“对数比例”。设a是个不等于1的正数，即a>0，且a≠1。若ap=b，则称p为b的以a为底的对数；而称b为p的以a为底的真数。记作p=logab。例如，以2为底，则8的对数是3，3的真数是8。

举个例子 loga b=lgb/lga 证明令loga b=x则a^x=b两边取10的对数lga^x=lgbxlga=lgbx=lgb/lga因为loga b=x∴loga b=lgb/lga

综述：lnx+ lny=lnxy。对数运算法则(rule of logarithmic operations）是对数函数一般运算法则，包括积、商、幂、方根等的运算。由指数和对数的互相转化关系可得出:两个正数的积的对数，等于同一底数的这两个数的对数的和。参考资料来源：百度百科－对数运算法则

1、lnx+lny=lnxy；2、lnx-lny=ln(x/y)；3、Inxn=nlnx；4、In(n√x)=lnx/n；5、lne=1；6、In1=0；7、Iog(A*B*C)=logA+logB+logC；logA"n=nlogA；8、logaY =logbY/logbA；9、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N)；10、Iog(A)M=log(b)M/log(b)A(b>0Eb#1)。推导公式：1、log(1/a)(1/b)=log(a^-1)(b^-1)=-1logab/-1=loga(b)；2、loga(b)*logb(a)=1；3、loge(x)=ln(x)；4、lg(x)=log10(x)。

运算法则公式如下：1、lnx＋ lny＝lnxy2、lnx－lny＝ln（x／y）3、lnxu207f＝nlnx4、ln（u207f√dux）＝lnx／n5、lne＝16、ln1＝0相关简介1、对数公式是数学中的一种常见公式，如果a^x=N(a>0,且a≠1)，则x叫做以a为底N的对数，记做x=log(a)(N)，其中a要写于log右下。其中a叫做对数的底，N叫做真数。通常我们将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数，以e为底的对数称为自然对数。2、对数运算，实际上也就是指数在运算。

1、creating a green campusf.创建绿色校园。2、enjoy great prestige in the worldf.享誉世界。3、 is the essence of.是...的精华。4、Recently a debate about green campus has aroused public attention.引起公众关注。5、Has a profound impact on both individuals and society.。对个人和社会有极深影响。6、Needless to say, a green campus include.不必说。7、Degradable plastic.可降解塑料。8、Work out.解决，实现。9、Increase the awareness of the importance.增强对...的认识的重要性。10、Rewind the clock.时光倒流。11、In addition to this.除此之外。12、Goallout.全力以赴。13、what"s more.意思是另外，而且...是。14、Undoubtedly.亳无疑问。

1、爱花，爱草，爱树，爱校园。 Love flowers, love grass, love, love the campus. 2、环保不分民族，生态没有国界。 Environmental protection, regardless of nationality, ecology without borders. 3、坚持团结治水，构建和谐流域。 Uphold unity and water control and build a harmonious watershed. 4、人人参与，洁化绿化美化环境。 Everyone participates in cleaning, greening and beautifying the environment. 5、让绿色看得见，让绿色听得见。 Let the green see, let the green hear. 6、同建绿色校园，共享鸟语花香。 With the construction of a green campus, sharing birds"twitter and fragrance of flowers. 7、全员参与改善，持续环保校园。 All staff participate in the improvement, continuous environmental protection campus. 8、学校是我家，美化靠大家。 School is my home, landscaping depends on everyone. 9、你来绕一绕，我来笑一笑。 You go around and I"ll smile. 10、创建绿色校园，从你我做起。 Create a green campus, start with you and me. 11、促绿色消费，做绿色选民。 Green consumption, green voters. 12、累积点滴改进，迈向完美品质。 Accumulate bit by bit improvement, toward perfect quality. 13、大路随你走，别踩在我头。 The road is with you, don"t step on my head. 14、保护土地资源，营造生命绿洲。 Protect land resources and build oasis of life. 15、贯彻环保教育，宣导环保资讯。 To carry out environmental education, environmental information publicity. 16、珍惜自然资源，共营生命绿色。 Cherish natural resources and share the green of life. 17、小草正睡觉，请你勿打扰。 The grass is sleeping, please don"t disturb. 18、保护树木，就是保护我们人类。 To protect trees is to protect us. 19、康人人有份，节约人人有责。 Kang people have, save everyone. 20、追求绿色时尚，走向绿色文明。 The pursuit of green fashion, towards green civilization. 21、保护生态环境，就是爱护自己。 To protect the ecological environment is to take care of ourselves. 22、少一个脚印，多一个生命。 One footprint, one life. 23、节能解危机，地球有转机。 Energy saving crisis, the earth has a turning point. 24、树环保之风，迎美好明天。 Tree green wind, welcome a better tomorrow. 25、留住草的美，体现你的美。 Keep the grass beautiful, reflect your beauty. 26、有限的资源，无限的循环。 Limited resources; infinite cycles. 27、人人为环保，环保为人人。 Everyone for environmental protection, environmental protection for everyone. 28、坚持人水和谐，建设生态文明。 Adhere to harmony between man and water, and build ecological civilization. 29、破坏了环境，人类就等于**。 Destruction of the environment, human beings is tantamount to suicide. 30、校园美如画，受益你我他。 The campus picturesque, you benefit from me. 31、请您爱护绿色，绿是生命之源。 Please protect the green, green is the source of life. 32、学校是我家，创绿靠大家。 The school is my home, and it"s green. 33、我知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。 I know Chinese food is hard. 34、给我一份爱，送你一片绿。 Give me a love, send you a piece of green. 35、快快行动起来，保护自然生态。 Act quickly and protect the natural ecology. 36、水是生命之源，树是生命之根。 Water is the root of life, and tree is the root of life. 37、保护一片绿色，净化一片天空。 Protect one piece of green, purify one sky. 38、但存方寸地，留与子孙耕。 But keep fangcunde and stay with the child sungeng. 39、当你不要我时，请把我送回家。 Please send me home when you don"t want me. 40、踏破青毡可惜，多行数步无妨。 Over the green felt pity for many steps anyway. 41、珍惜今天能源，拥有灿烂明天。 Cherish today"s energy and have brilliant tomorrow. 42、追求绿色时尚，拥抱绿色生活。 The pursuit of green fashion, embrace green life. 43、建设绿色校园，增强环保意识。 Building green campus and enhancing environmental awareness. 44、爱护小草吧，它是春天的信使。 Take care of the grass, it is the messenger of spring. 45、保护学校环境，共创学生圣地。 Protect the school environment and create a sacred place for students. 46、参与绿色行动，保护美丽家园。 Take part in green action to protect beautiful home. 47、学校是我家，绿化靠大家。 School is my home, and greening depends on everyone. 48、提高环保意识，自觉保护环境。 Raise awareness of environmental protection, consciously protect the environment. 49、节约用水，请从身边做起。 Save water, please start from your side. 50、让河水更清澈，让家园更美好。 To make the river clearer and make our homes better. 51、万人齐参与，共建绿色生命树。 Millions of people participate in building a green life tree. 52、茵茵绿草地，脚下请留情。 Lush green grass, please watch your step. 53、少一串脚印，多一份绿意。 Fewer footprints, more greenery. 54、保护环境，就是爱惜生命。 To protect the environment is to cherish life. 55、学校是我家，人人都爱它。 The school is my home and everybody loves it. 56、环境你我他，绿色靠大家。 Environment you, me, he, green, rely on everyone. 57、保障饮水安全，维护生命健康。 Ensure the safety of drinking water and maintain life and health. 58、使用绿色产品，节约地球资源。 Use green products to save the earth"s resources. 59、改善民生，共享水利发展成果。 Improving people"s livelihood and sharing the fruits of water conservancy development. 60、校园是我家，美丽靠大家。 The campus is my house, and the beauty depends on everyone. 61、水清自然甜，水浑人人厌。 Water natural sweet water, annoying people. 62、小小一口痰，细菌千千万。 A small sputum, bacteria thousands. 63、判天地之美，析万物之理。 Judge the beauty of heaven and earth, analyse the reason of everything. 64、保护水环境，节约水资源。 Protect the water environment and save water resources. 65、没有绿色，生命就没有希望。 Without green, there is no hope of life. 66、小草正睡觉，勿入草坪来打扰。 The grass was sleeping off the grass to disturb. 67、追求美好生活，应先拥抱绿色。 In pursuit of a better life, you should embrace green first. 68、请脚下留情，别伤害一棵小草。 Please hold feet, don"t hurt a grass. 69、保护绿色摇篮，你行，我能。 Protect the green cradle, you can, I can. 70、创造绿色时尚，拥抱绿色生活。 Create green fashion and embrace green life. 71、心动不如行动，去怨不如去干。 The heart is better than the action, to complain is better to do. 72、环境你不爱，美景不常在。 Environment, you do not love, beautiful scenery is not often. 73、从自己做起，爱护我们的家园。 Start from ourselves and take care of our home. 74、地面爱干净，请您手留情。 The ground clean, please hand. 75、花儿开得美，大家来欣赏。 The flowers are blooming so that everyone can enjoy it. 76、保护生态环境，就是爱护自已。 To protect the ecological environment is to take care of ourselves. 77、节能做的好，朝朝无烦恼。 Energy saving is good, no worries towards the future. 78、学校是我家，环保靠大家。 School is my home, environmental protection depends on everyone. 79、做地球妈妈的好孩子，保护她。 Be a good mother earth mother, protect her. 80、爱护绿化，就是保护自己。 To protect the green is to protect ourselves.

秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感 （诗意）三万里长的黄河奔腾翻滚，向东流入大海。五千仞高的华山直插云霄。北方沦陷区的老百姓在金兵的统治下受尽折磨，眼泪都哭干了，他们一年又一年的盼望南宋军队恢复北方失地，解救他们。

意思是：1、其一迢迢万里的银河朝西南方向下坠，喔喔的鸡叫之声在邻家不断长鸣。疾病折磨我几乎把救亡壮志消尽，出门四望不禁手搔白发抱憾平生。2、其二三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄上摩青天。中原人民在胡人压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。宋代陆游 《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》是一组组诗作品，作品原文为1、其一迢迢天汉西南落，喔喔邻鸡一再鸣。壮志病来消欲尽，出门搔首怆平生。2、其二三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。扩展资料创作背景：这组爱国主义诗篇作于宋光宗绍熙三年（1192年）的秋天，当时陆游已经六十八岁，罢归山阴（今浙江绍兴）故里已经四年。但平静的村居生活并不能使老人的心平静下来。南宋时期，金兵占领了中原地区。诗人作此诗时，中原地区已沦陷于金人之手六十多年了。此时爱国诗人陆游被罢斥归故乡，在山阴乡下向往着中原地区的大好河山，也惦念着中原地区的人民，盼望宋朝能够尽快收复中原，实现统一。此时虽值初秋，暑威仍厉，天气的热闷与心头的煎沸，使他不能安睡。将晓之际，他步出篱门，以舒烦热，心头怅触，写下这两首诗。思想感情：第一首落笔写银河西坠，鸡鸣欲曙，渲染出一种苍茫静寂的气氛，表现了有心杀敌无力回天的感慨。第二首写大好河山，陷于敌手，以“望”字为眼，表现了诗人希望、失望而终不绝望的千回百转的心情。诗境雄伟、严肃、苍凉、悲愤。参考资料来源：百度百科-秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感二首

1.建设绿色校园十分重要 2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境 3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该…… 范文一： Nowadays tens of thousands of people are claiming that we should build a green country. As a college student, I think to create a green campus also has great significance. To create a green campus, obviously we have to commit ourselves to protect the environment of our campus first, which is of prime importance. Moreover, in my opinion, green campus not only means the green environment, but also means to create a sustainable developing campus. To create a sustainable developing campus, each university student should have the sense of being masters, which means they should apply themselves to not only improve themselves from all kinds of aspects, but also help universities to improve management, help teachers to improve the quality of teaching, and help schoolmates to improve college life. As long as every college student can do like that, university life will be their great memory in life. 范文二： “Green campus” is, to some extent, a relatively new concept to us. It not only means creating a green environment on campus, but also refers to that the students should be educated and have an environmental sense in their mind. Of course, this concept is very important for the students because it sets goals toward the future of the world. The young generation is under the burden of severe environmental problems and the hopes of environmental improvement are lying in them. Therefore, campus plays a more important role in educating the young generation. The creation of “Green campus” will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities; most importantly, students will be educated to take environmental problems seriously as their own mission and responsibility. Under such stimulations, students may grasp the chance to learn every necessary course for the harmonious and sustainable development of the world. To bring “green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. First, based on its education function, campus should bring the theory of “sustainable development” into classrooms, set environmental management rules and conduct environmental education activities. Second, campus also needs to strengthen its ties with the society, tries to communicate with parents and experts so as to ensure that students could have a better participation in the practical activities. Only by the co-efforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly and bring benefit to people"s well-beings.

《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》古诗意思是：三万里（虚指）长的黄河水向东奔流而去汇入大海，五千仞（虚指）高的华山直耸云霄擎天而立。中原的遗民在北方胡人铁蹄的压迫下眼泪流尽，他们总是在向南盼望着王师北伐归来。 秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感古诗意思 意思是：三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄触青天。中原人民在胡人压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。 1、其一 迢迢万里的银河朝西南方向下坠，喔喔的鸡叫之声在邻家不断长鸣。 疾病折磨我几乎把救亡壮志消尽，出门四望不禁手搔白发抱憾平生。 2、其二 三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄上摩青天。 中原人民在胡人压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。 秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感 1、《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感·其二》创作背景 这组爱国主义诗篇作于公元1192年（宋光宗绍熙三年）的秋天，陆游当时在山阴（今浙江省绍兴市）。南宋时期，金兵占领了中原地区。诗人作此诗时，中原地区已沦陷于金人之手六十多年了。此时虽值初秋，暑威仍厉，使他不能安睡。将晓之际，他步出篱门，心头枨触，成此诗。 2、《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感·其二》鉴赏 诗人极写北地遗民的苦望，实际上是在表露自己心头的失望。当然，他们还是不断地盼望下去。人民的爱国热忱真如压在地下的跳荡火苗，历久愈炽；而南宋统治集团则正醉生梦死于西子湖畔，把大好河山、国恨家仇丢在脑后，可谓心死久矣。诗人为遗民呼号，目的还是想引起南宋当国者的警觉，激起他们的恢复之志。

翻译：三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄上摩青天。中原人民在胡人压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》是宋代诗人陆游的组诗作品。全文：三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。 遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。扩展资料：“泪尽”一词，千回万转，更含无限酸辛。眼泪流了六十多年，早已尽了。但即使“眼枯终见血”，那些心怀故国的遗民依然企望南天；金人马队扬起的灰尘，隔不断他们苦盼王师的视线。中原广大人民受到压迫的沉重，经受折磨历程的长久，期望恢复信念的坚定不移与迫切，都充分表达出来了。以“胡尘”作“泪尽”的背景，感情愈加沉痛。结句一个“又”字扩大了时间的上限。他们年年岁岁盼望着南宋能够出师北伐，可是岁岁年年此愿落空。他们不知道，南宋君臣早已把他们忘记得干干净净。诗人极写北地遗民的苦望，实际上是在表露自己心头的失望。他们还是不断地盼望下去。人民的爱国热忱真如压在地下的跳荡火苗，历久愈炽；而南宋统治集团则正醉生梦死于西子湖畔，把大好河山、国恨家仇丢在脑后，可谓心死久矣。诗人为遗民呼号，目的还是想引起南宋当国者的警觉，激起他们的恢复之志。

1、爱护绿化，就是保护自己。 To protect the green is to protect ourselves. 2、丢掉的是品质，捡起的是美德。 What is lost is quality, and what is picked is virtue. 3、你在我心中最美，请不要将我摧毁。 You are in my heart the most beautiful, please don"t destroy me. 4、做地球妈妈的好孩子，保护她。 Be a good mother of earth mother, protect her. 5、草木绿，花儿笑，空气清新环境好。 Green grass, flowers smile, fresh air environment. 6、呼唤绿色文明，创建绿色学校。 Calling for green civilization and building green schools. 7、保护自然界，关爱家园。 Protect the nature, love the homeland. 8、环境你不爱，美景不常在。 Environment you do not love, beautiful scenery is not always. 9、要想小草好，请不要在小草上手舞足蹈。 To the grass, please don"t dancing on the grass. 10、保护学校环境，共创学生圣地。 Protect the school environment, create a sacred place for students. 11、学校一片绿，学生心中一片春。 The school is green and the students have a spring in their heart. 12、从自己做起，爱护我们的家园。 Start with ourselves and take care of our homeland. 13、促绿色消费，做绿色选民。 Green consumption, green voters. 14、希望有一天，垃圾筒也会下岗。 Hope that one day, the garbage can also be laid off. 15、多种一棵树，世界上就多一片绿色。 A variety of tree, the world is more green. 16、人人丢纸，垃圾一片；人人拣纸，一尘不染。 Everyone lost a piece of waste paper, everyone pick up the paper, spotless. 17、当你昂首阔步时，我在你脚下**。 When you walk, I moaned at your feet. 18、创建绿色学校，促进可持续发展。 Create a green campus, to promote sustainable development. 19、鸟语花香，爱赏共享。 A shared love birds"twitter and fragrance of flowers. 20、保护环境从我做起，爱护学校从学生做起。 Protect the environment begin from me, start from the students care for school. 21、让河水更清澈，让家园更美好。 Make the river clearer and make the home better. 22、保护绿化，爱护公物，从我做起。 The protection of green, cherish the public property, begin from me. 23、多种一棵翠绿的小树，还我一片蔚蓝的天空。 A green variety of trees, but also I have a blue sky. 24、我爱花，我爱草，我爱青青小树苗。 I love flowers, I love grass, I love green saplings. 25、从小树立环保意识，做绿色人生使者。 From the environmental awareness, green life angel. 26、只有一个地球、人类应该同舟共济。 There is only one earth, human beings should pull together in times of trouble. 27、我很怕羞，请别碰我。 I was very shy, please don"t touch me. 28、水清自然甜，水浑人人厌。 Water natural sweet water, annoying people. 29、珍惜自然资源，共营生命绿色。 Cherish the natural resources and share the green life. 30、天是蓝的，草是绿的，心是纯粹的。 The sky is blue, the grass is green, the heart is pure. 31、见垃圾，弯个腰，争做绿色小使者。 See garbage, bent a waist, to become a small green angel. 32、心中有情，脚下留情。 The hearts of love, at the foot of mercy. 33、当你不要我时，请把我送回家。 Please send me home when you don"t want me. 34、节能源自心中，环境大家爱护。 Energy comes from the heart, the environment, we love. 35、轻轻地我走了，正如我轻轻地来。 Gently I go, as I gently. 36、小草给我一片绿，我给小草一份爱。 Give me a piece of grass green grass, I give a love. 37、小草刚钻出地面，请自觉保护弱小。 The grass had just drilled the ground, please consciously protect the weak. 38、请不要向天空吐烟，那是地球妈妈的笑脸。 Please don"t smoke into the sky, the earth mother smile. 39、植树造林，功在千秋。 Afforestation, work in the future generations. 40、用一份绿的真诚，换一个绿的校园。 With a green sincerity for a green campus. 41、让风沙不再猖狂，还地球一片绿色铺垫。 Let the storm no longer rampant, but also a green planet. 42、珍惜资源永续利用，绿化环境净化心灵。 Cherish the sustainable use of resources, greening the environment and purification of the mind. 43、尽心才能干净，干净才能静心。 With all your heart, you can be clean and clean. 44、当绿色褪去，就意味着人类走向命运的低谷。 When the green faded, it means that the human destiny trough. 45、贯彻环保教育，宣导环保资讯。 To carry out environmental education, environmental information publicity. 46、爱花、爱草、爱树、爱校园。 Love for flowers, love and love the campus. 47、建设绿色校园，增强环保意识。 Building green campus and enhancing environmental awareness. 48、清扫清洁坚持做，亮丽环境真不错。 Do clean, nice environment. 49、节能解危机，地球有转机。 Energy saving crisis, the earth has a turning point. 50、别在绿色消失时，我们才去后悔。 Don"t disappear in green, we have to regret. 51、小草青青，花香飘飘；青草鲜花，应当爱惜。 The grass is green, the flowers fluttering; grass flowers, should cherish. 52、保障饮水安全，维护生命健康。 Ensuring drinking water safety and maintaining life and health. 53、破坏了环境，人类就等于**。 Destruction of the environment, human beings is tantamount to suicide. 54、我们只有一个地球，拯救地球就是拯救未来。 We have only one earth, save the earth is to save the future. 55、用好你的手，垃圾无处溜。 Make good use of your hands, garbage nowhere to slip. 56、小草青青，脚下留情。 The grass is green, the foot. 57、提高环保水平，就是提高生活质量。 To improve the level of environmental protection, is to improve the quality of life. 58、树环保之风，迎美好明天。 The wind of environmental protection, welcome a better tomorrow. 59、芳草依依，大家怜惜。 Fragrant grass clinging, everyone pity. 60、保护生态环境，就是爱护自已。 To protect the ecological environment is to take care of ourselves. 61、创造绿色时尚，拥抱绿色生活。 Create green fashion and embrace green life. 62、欲揽春色入自家，无可奈何成落花。 To embrace the spring into his own, falling into the helpless. 63、劝君多走几步路，莫把草坪当马路。 I walk a few steps, not when the lawn. 64、人人参与，洁化绿化美化环境。 Everyone participates in cleaning, beautifying and beautifying the environment. 65、地球是我们的母亲，我们要爱护她。 The earth is our mother, we should take good care of her. 66、让绿色在生活中洋溢，让心灵在绿色中放飞。 Let the green in life with, let the soul fly in green. 67、提高环保意识，自觉保护环境。 Improve environmental awareness, consciously protect the environment. 68、保护绿色摇篮，你行，我能。 Protect the green cradle, you can, I can. 69、崇尚环保，追求和谐。 Advocating environmental protection and pursuing harmony. 70、节约能源，人人有责。 Save energy, is everyone"s responsibility. 71、留住草的美，体现你的美。 Keep the beauty of grass, reflect your beauty. 72、你来绕一绕，我来笑一笑。 You round around, I"ll smile. 73、学校是我家，美化靠大家。 School is my home, beautification depends on everyone. 74、郁郁葱葱，创新州。 Lush, innovative state. 75、爱护身边的绿化，重建美好家园。 Cherish the green, rebuild their homes. 76、花草树木对人笑，因为人类爱环保。 The flowers and trees to laugh, because human beings love environmental protection. 77、赏花爱花花更美，观景惜景景更幽。 Flowers love flower is more beautiful, more secluded landscape view Xijing. 78、水资源是有限的，生命之河是无限的。 The water resource is limited, the river of life is infinite. 79、生命如此短暂，请不要将我伤害。 Life is so short, please don"t hurt me. 80、你扔，我扔，无处扔；你净，我净，处处净。 You throw me away, without you I throw; net, net, net everywhere.

共营绿色学习环境 Harmony, what a beautiful word, what a wonderful mood. Please let us feel together a harmonious it: spring is harmonious, and she makes ice melt, all the recovery, bringing people to a better season; spring is harmonious, she "sneaked into the night wind, moisten things silently." Since ancient times, harmonious thought endless. From the Confucian concept of "ritual purposes, and for you" "but different" to the Mencius, "days as location, location not as good as people" argument; from Hung"s "a field with the farming, have dinner with the food, there is wear the same clothes, with money to make "the ideal solution to Kang described the" everyone loves, everyone is equal, According to the "social state, from the Sun" one world "ideal, to Mao Zedong"s" Global with this cool hot "pursuit, long the Chinese for thousands of years, ancient thinkers, politicians, without exception, respected the concept of solidarity, harmonious society is always the people most noble ideals. Harmony is harmonious harmonious and coordinated development. A harmonious society should be solidarity, mutual help society. But in real life, as many students, political consciousness, values, interests of the pursuit of hobbies differences in the behavior of some people is not conducive to unity and mutual assistance, and even some selfish behavior also occurs; also like to engage students with little free doctrine, do not talk face to face, behind the irresponsible remarks, class is not that random comments outside, leading to mutual suspicion between the students and the students, causing disharmony among students; even some students to some of the community: mercenary, selfish, love to take advantage of; even intrigues, Kengmengguaipian behavior, but also more or less brought to the campus, this is not only shameful, it is literally a moral prisoners. General Secretary Hu Jintao of "Be united and help to selfish shame" as an important part of the socialist concept of honor proposed to enrich the contents of the socialist moral construction, but also enriched our culture, our students in the wealthy appeal today, we should do is; between students and harmony and to mutual solidarity; campus to harmony, and build a united and friendly, civilized and progressive harmonious campus. From: Daquan writing historical experience has repeatedly told us: There is no morality of solidarity, is to determine whether a group health, a harmonious society is an important landmark. Inherit the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, a very important aspect, that is, promote solidarity, mutual help of the United States and Germany. Yes ah! China"s reputation for "ceremonies" known to the world, speaking of "goodwill", line "friendly" heavy "and" the traditional virtues. We are a new generation of students should be heritage of these traditional values today as efforts to build a harmonious campus, tomorrow we want to build a harmonious society to pay, this is history and to our responsibility to pay! This is the time to pay and to our mission! Today, the obligation to protect the environment as we use our practical actions to protect the environment. We should know how to protect the environment is to protect ourselves, we must not only rational use of resources, uses up the heart to try to protect the environment, as students, we want to create a green campus. Source: Writing Web zuowen.chazidian.com students, we are the masters of the 21st century. Should do our best to restrain irregularities, creating a green campus, this not better?

　　《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感二首》的意思：遥远的银河向西南方落下，邻居家的公鸡鸣叫不停。疾病把我的报国壮志几乎消磨殆尽了，出门以手搔白发，为自己的一生感到悲伤。三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄，碰触青天。中原人民在胡人的压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。 　　《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感二首》的原诗 　　宋代：陆游 　　迢迢天汉西南落，喔喔邻鸡一再鸣。 　　壮志病来消欲尽，出门搔首怆平生。 　　三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。 　　遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。 　　《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》的写作背景 　　《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》写于公元1192年的秋天。当时中原地区已沦陷于金人之手六十多年了，诗人年年盼望南宋能够出师北伐，却年年失望;这首诗表现了诗人心中的悲愤与愁绪，以及希望引起南宋当国者警觉的心情。诗人作此诗时，中原地区已沦陷于金人之手六十多年了。此时虽值初秋，暑威仍厉，使他不能安睡。将晓之际，他步出篱门，心头枨触，成此二诗。

秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感二首陆游 〔宋代〕迢迢天汉西南落，喔喔邻鸡一再鸣。壮志病来消欲尽，出门搔首怆平生。三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。译文迢迢万里的银河朝西南方向下坠，邻家的公鸡喔喔叫个不停。疾病几乎把报国壮志消磨殆尽，出门四望不禁手搔白发抱憾平生。三万里长的黄河奔腾向东流入大海，五千仞高的华山耸入云霄触青天。中原人民在胡人压迫下眼泪已流尽，他们盼望王师北伐盼了一年又一年。　　第一首落笔写银河西坠，鸡鸣欲曙，渲染出一种苍茫静寂的气氛，表现了有心杀敌无力回天的感慨。第二首写大好河山，陷于敌手，以“望”字为眼，表现了诗人希望、失望而终不绝望的千回百转的心情。诗境雄伟、严肃、苍凉、悲愤。　　组诗的第一首落笔写银河西坠，鸡鸣欲曙，从所见所闻渲染出一种苍茫静寂的气氛。“一再鸣”三字，可见百感已暗集毫端。三四句写“有感”正面。一个“欲”字，一个“怆”字表现了有心杀敌无力回天的感慨。

《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》古诗意思是：三万里（虚指）长的黄河水向东奔流而去汇入大海，五千仞（虚指）高的华山直耸云霄擎天而立。中原的遗民在北方胡人铁蹄的压迫下眼泪流尽，他们总是在向南盼望着王师北伐归来。《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》古诗原文：三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》注释：三万里：长度，形容它的长，是虚指。河：指黄河。五千仞（rèn）：形容它的高。仞，古代计算长度的一种单位，周尺八尺或七尺，周尺一尺约合二十三厘米。岳：指五岳之一西岳华山。黄河和华山都在金人占领区内。一说指北方泰、恒、嵩、华诸山。摩天：迫近高天，形容极高。摩，摩擦、接触或触摸。遗民：指在金占领区生活的汉族人民，却认同南宋王朝统治的人民。泪尽：眼泪流干了，形容十分悲惨、痛苦。胡尘：指金人入侵中原，也指胡人骑兵的铁蹄践踏扬起的尘土和金朝的暴政。胡，中国古代对北方和西方少数民族的泛称。南望：远眺南方。王师：指宋朝的军队。

English Composition 2010-12 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? There is no denying the fact that independence plays an increasingly important part in our daily life and we canu2019t help asking such a question: how should parents help children to be independent. To begin with, it is imperative that parents provide opportunities to children and allow them to participate in the social games which contribute to the independence of the children. Whatu2019s more, under the excessive care and protection of parents, these children are lack of the ability to overcome the difficulties that abound in their real life. Therefore, it is a must for parents to cultivate the independence which helps their children easily conquer frustration and depression, To conclude, itu2019s essential for us to dispose of the problem of childrenu2019s independence timely and effectively. Parents should help children develop strong independence and the abilities needed in the future. Only in this way can they be ready to confront any challenges in the society of fierce competition. 2010-06 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling Nowadays fewer and fewer students pay attention to their word-spelling. According to a recent survey, there is a dramatic increase in the number of students who can only imitate the pronunciation of a word but be incapable of spelling it. In this essay I will discuss the factors of this phenomenon and offer my own view on it. There are a number of factors that can be accountable for this situation. One of the most common factors is that fewer and fewer students need to write English essays. Besides, the goal of most students to learn English is to speak it and pass the examination which means they just need to select the similar words according to the listening materials and passages. Perhaps the most contributing factor is the wide use of electronic devices such as e-dictionaries and computers and students no longer need to correct the words by themselves. As far as Iu2019m concerned, I firmly argue that we need to attach great importance to word-spelling. To the students, they should write English as much as they can. Meanwhile, to the teachers, the dictations should be reinforced in the class. 2009-12 Create a Green Campus In recent years, extravagance and waste have become increasingly serious in some of the university campus. We can see that papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use; food is wasted just because of its poor taste; clothes are discarded simply owning to their old fashion. As a consequence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on creating a green campus. There are at least two criteria to distinguish what is green campus. On the one hand, natural resources must be conserved and made full use of, for example, we, as college students, should take the wise use of papers and second-hand textbook into account. On the other hand, education to build up thrift habits must be prompt by relevant departments and professionals at various levels. Accordingly, it is necessary for us to take effective steps. For one thing, university authorities should respond with the demand for more natural resources, such as water, electricity, and so on. For another, we should enhance the awareness of college students that creating a green campus is of utmost significance to both our society and ourselves. English Composition 2010-12 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? There is no denying the fact that independence plays an increasingly important part in our daily life and we canu2019t help asking such a question: how should parents help children to be independent. To begin with, it is imperative that parents provide opportunities to children and allow them to participate in the social games which contribute to the independence of the children. Whatu2019s more, under the excessive care and protection of parents, these children are lack of the ability to overcome the difficulties that abound in their real life. Therefore, it is a must for parents to cultivate the independence which helps their children easily conquer frustration and depression, To conclude, itu2019s essential for us to dispose of the problem of childrenu2019s independence timely and effectively. Parents should help children develop strong independence and the abilities needed in the future. Only in this way can they be ready to confront any challenges in the society of fierce competition. 2010-06 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling Nowadays fewer and fewer students pay attention to their word-spelling. According to a recent survey, there is a dramatic increase in the number of students who can only imitate the pronunciation of a word but be incapable of spelling it. In this essay I will discuss the factors of this phenomenon and offer my own view on it. There are a number of factors that can be accountable for this situation. One of the most common factors is that fewer and fewer students need to write English essays. Besides, the goal of most students to learn English is to speak it and pass the examination which means they just need to select the similar words according to the listening materials and passages. Perhaps the most contributing factor is the wide use of electronic devices such as e-dictionaries and computers and students no longer need to correct the words by themselves. As far as Iu2019m concerned, I firmly argue that we need to attach great importance to word-spelling. To the students, they should write English as much as they can. Meanwhile, to the teachers, the dictations should be reinforced in the class. 2009-12 Create a Green Campus In recent years, extravagance and waste have become increasingly serious in some of the university campus. We can see that papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use; food is wasted just because of its poor taste; clothes are discarded simply owning to their old fashion. As a consequence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on creating a green campus. There are at least two criteria to distinguish what is green campus. On the one hand, natural resources must be conserved and made full use of, for example, we, as college students, should take the wise use of papers and second-hand textbook into account. On the other hand, education to build up thrift habits must be prompt by relevant departments and professionals at various levels. Accordingly, it is necessary for us to take effective steps. For one thing, university authorities should respond with the demand for more natural resources, such as water, electricity, and so on. For another, we should enhance the awareness of college students that creating a green campus is of utmost significance to both our society and ourselves. daily courses. There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, many students want to get another degree besides their own, so that they can have more competence when they seek for a job. Furthermore, as for me, I donu2019t care about degree or job, and I want to obtain some necessary skills to make my college life worthwhile. Finally, some students want to learn anything that is different from what they are learning now. The science students , for example, want to know about Shakespeare while the art students want to tell how a vehicle works and how to deal with it when it breaks down. On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of multi-demand of the employment market. There is still a long way for us to improve the elective itself, but as a student myself, I find it rewarding and interesting. 2007-06 An Announcement to Welcome Students to Join A Club Welcome to English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills. You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extracurricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy a competitive edge over your peers. You can file a written application to our office or email us via bonoo@diandian.net. The deadline for entries is Sept. 25th. Come on, join us now. 2006-12 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV The Spring festival gala has been held in China for over two decades, which seems to have been an indispensable company during the traditional New Yearu2019s Eve for a great number of people, who appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family. However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it, as more diverse life styles have emerged nowadays. Some prefer to go to a fancy restaurant to enjoy a gourmet meal; some intend to go on a vacation to an incredibly exotic destination for a novel and thorough relaxation; others may have even more post-modern notions, like go bunging, hiking, or cycling for entirely new different experiences, forgetting all about the Spring Festival. To me, the Evening Gala is supposed to be here to stay. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. Besides, with such a gathering, family members will have a perfect opportunity to enjoy more fun and happiness, for nowadays most people are so engaged in their daily business that they can rarely find any extra time to stay with their family, which, if not properly adjusted, might add further to the already worsening situation of Chinese families. 2002-1 A Letter to University President about the Canteen service on Campus January 12th , 2002 Dear Mr. President, Iu2019m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but Iu2019m not content with the canteen service on campus.

　古诗《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感二首》是宋代诗人陆游的组诗作品。第一首落笔写银河西坠，鸡鸣欲曙，渲染出一种苍茫静寂的气氛，表现了有心杀敌无力回天的感慨。第二首写大好河山，陷于敌手，以“望”字为眼，表现了诗人希望、失望而终不绝望的千回百转的心情。诗境雄伟、严肃、苍凉、悲愤。这是陆游的爱国诗篇。诗文如下：秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感 二首 其一迢迢天汉西南落，喔喔邻鸡一再鸣。壮志病来消欲尽，出门搔首怆平生。其二三万里河东入海，五千仞岳上摩天。遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年。诗意：其一迢迢万里的银河朝西南方向下坠，喔喔的鸡叫之声在邻家不断长鸣。疾病折磨我几乎把救亡壮志消尽，出门四望不禁手搔白发抱憾平生。其二三万里黄河东流入大海，五千仞华山高耸接青天。铁蹄下遗民欲哭已无泪，盼望官军收失地又一年。这首诗表达了作者爱国和忧国忧民的思想感情。陆游是宋代爱国诗人、词人。他具有多方面文学才能，尤以诗的成就为最，在生前即有“小李白”之称，不仅成为南宋一代诗坛领袖，而且在中国文学史上享有崇高地位。有《剑南诗稿》《渭南文集》《南唐书》《老学庵笔记》《放翁词》《渭南词》等数十个文集传世。

6月：Part I WritingFree Admission to Museums（满分版）Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there"s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live ‘database", can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums. As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some ‘closed" days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)阅读答案　　1. A. He just wouldn"t look her in the dye。　　2. C cultural ignorance　　3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures。　　4.B A personnel training company。　　5. D he must get rid of his gender bias　　6.C It helped him make fair decisions。　　7.A He told him to get the dates right。　　8. embarrassed　　9. inclusiveness　　10. differences and similarities　　听力：　　短对话　　11. She has always enjoyed great popularity　　12. They are going to have a holiday　　13. He was very courageous　　14. Buy a new washing machine　　15. He is not excited about his new position　　16. The man offers to drive the women to the party　　17. Finalizing a contract　　18. She ordered some paper　　长对话　　19 He can no longer work at sea　　20 She passed away years ago　　21 She has never got on with her father　　22 He is excellent but looks bad-tempered　　23 Some of the packs do not contain manuals　　24 solve the problem at her company"s cost　　25 Ideal　　短文：　　26 C it"s entertaining　　27C they may catch some disease　　28D continue the feeding till it get warm　　29C he will lie whenever he wants　　30A she made him apologize　　31D move furniture for her　　32A the atmosphere they live in is rather unreal　　33D he has too much to know the value of things　　34D she has no time to do it herself　　35D the lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies　　复合式听写答案： 　　36 concentrated 40 row 　　37 information 41 suspected　　38 depends 42 phenomenon (现象)　　39 straight 43 efficiently　　44 our second rule of learning is this: it is better to study fairly briefly but often。　　45 Let"s say you are trying to learn some new and rather difficult English vocabulary using a stack of cards。　　46 The answer is it is better to space out the presentations of the word you are to learn。　　47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous 51.H mission 52. D enhance 53. B daily 54.J performance 55. K profession 56 A daily　　57 A it inspired many leading designers to start going green　　58 D quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available 　　59 D are gaining more and more support　　60 A she doesn"t seem to care about it　　61 B it has a very promising future　　62 B a person"s hair may reveal where they have lived。　　63 C food and drink leave traces in one"s body tissues　　64 B the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland。　　65 D a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system。　　66 C it helps the police narrow down possibililities in detective work。　　完型：67. D. budget 68. A. mostly 69. B. besides 70. D. trend 71.D. particularly 72. A. while 73. D. shaking 74. B. if 75. D. larger 76.D. in view of 77. A. unique 78. A. over 79. D. decay 80. A. proceeded 81.B. widening 82. B. massive 83. C. vehicles 84. A. or 85. B. predict 86.B. likely 翻译　　87. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates　　88. wouldn"t have been caught by the rain　　89. more likely to put on weight　　90. What many people don"t realize　　91. closely relative to the lack of exercise12月：范文　　In recent years, extravagance and waste have become increasingly serious in some of the university campus. We can see that papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use; food is wasted just because of its poor taste; clothes are discarded simply owing to their old fashion. As a consequence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on creating a green campus。　　There are at least two criteria to distinguish what is green campus. On the one hand, natural resources must be conserved and made full use of, for example, we, as college students, should take the wise use of papers and second-hand textbooks into account. On the other hand, education to build up thrift habits must be promoted by relevant departments and professionals at various levels。　　Accordingly, it is necessary for us to take effective steps. For one thing, university authorities should respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of our natural resources, such as water, electricity, and so on. For another, we should enhance the awareness of college students that creating a green campus is of utmost significance to both our society and ourselves。　　快速阅读　　1.B revising their financial aid polices　　2.D It cut its merit-based aid to help the needy students　　3.C attract good students　　4. D it"s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition　　5. B fierce competition among institutions　　6. B They regard it as a necessary evil　　7. C Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it　　8. qualified　　9. recognizes　　10. excellence　　听力小对话答案　　11.A, get some small change　　12.B, buying a gift for a child　　13.A, taking photographs　　14.B, he can provide little used information　　15.D, he knows his own imitations　　16.C, her gym exercise has yielded good results。　　17.D, The professor"s suggestion is constructive　　18.A，Indifferent。　　19.C ，he has to work during the day　　20.B，learn data processing　　21.C, every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks　　22.A, what to bring for registration。　　23.D. A financial trader　　24.B, He considers cooking creative　　25. D, It can be a good thing　　短文听力　　26. C Live is not possible in outer space。　　27. C It has a large ocean under its surface。　　28. A LIght is not an essential miles long　　29.B What Dr.Meyer"s instructions exacty were。　　30.D She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do。　　31.A it lacks the stability of the printed word。　　32.C Challenging work　　33.A Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually。　　34.D Give them responsibilities as part of team。　　35.B They concern a small number of the people only。　　听力复合式听写答案 (36) classified (37) background (38) album (39 )appreciation (40) context (41) implies (42) image (43)instruments (44) Descriptive (45).It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to shoot a film. (46)Authors may actually use more than one type of technique in the given piece of informational writing.选词填空　　47-51.　　K recruited　　J recording　　L total C aspects　　B analyzed　　52-56.　　H quality　　N unsure　　G established　　A already　　E contributing　　仔细阅读　　passage one　　57. C She will present to the world a new image of African-American women　　58. B They are of an inferior social group　　59. D What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House　　60. C However hard she tries, she can"t expect to please everybody　　61. A Help change the prevailing view about black women　　passage two　　62. A Institution worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S。　　63. B Their ability to raise funds　　64. D Most of their revenues come from the government　　65. A she was known to be good at raising money　　66. C They will view a lot of things from a new perspective　　完型填空　　67.B focuses　　68.D adequate　　69.A currently　　70.C challenges　　71.B retirement　　72.A over　　73.B learning　　74.D on　　75.C needs　　76.D portion　　77.A when　　78.C homes　　79.B ever　　80.A for example　　81.C adjust　　82.D to　　83.B unpredictably　　84.C available　　85.A sense　　86.D roles　　翻译　　87. You would not have failed if___(按照我的指令去做)　　You had followed my orders。　　88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ___(放弃对知识的追求)　　abandoned the pursuit of knowledge。　　89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before____(我们找到治愈癌症的方法)　　We find the cure for cancer。　　90. Production has to be increased considerably to ___ . (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步)　　Keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers。　　91. The more exercise you take, ____ 。(你越不大可能感冒)　　The less likely you are to catch a cold。