英语

Smoking does great harm to teenagers" health

It has been estimated that smokers have made up half of the population in China. And the smokers are becoming younger and younger, even ineluding some middle school students.Nowadays more and more people have realized smoking can do harm to people"shealth. However, some people still enjoy smoking. Why? Because some of them think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others, think that smoking can refresh themselves.In fact, smoking is a bad habit. It can cause a lot of diseases. Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money. Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.Smoking is harmful and it is not only bad for smokers themselves, but also bad for non-smokers.Therefore, I hope all the smokers can give up smoking for themselves and also for the people around them. 据估计，在中国吸烟者约占总人口的一半，而且烟民的年龄越来越年轻，甚至一些中学生也在抽烟。如今越来越多的人们已经认识到吸烟有害人体健康，但他们仍然乐此不疲。为什么?一些人认为抽烟是一种时髦，另外一些人认为抽烟很有趣，还有一些人认为吸烟可以提神。事实上，吸烟是一种不好的习惯，它能导致很多疾病。同时，吸烟很浪费金钱。除此而外，粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾。吸烟对人们的身体百害而无一利。它不仅有害吸烟者本人，而且对不吸烟者也会造成损害。因此，我希望吸烟者为自己和身边的人们而戒烟。It is said that there are about half of people in China are smoking.Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking, though they are middle school students.As we all know, smoking does great harm to human beings. More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is. But they are never bored with it. Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.Smoking causes many illnesses. A lot of people always cough because of smoking. The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer. Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money. Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking. Please stop smoking at once.据说，中国有一半人在吸烟。许多男孩和女孩都有吸烟的习惯，尽管他们还是中学生。众所周知，吸烟对人身体是有害的。越来越多的人们认识到这个问题的严重性，但他们仍然乐此不疲。一些人认为抽烟是一种时髦，一些人认为抽烟很有趣，还有一些人认为吸烟可以提神。吸烟能导致很多疾病。由于吸烟，一些人一直在咳嗽。肺癌是吸烟导致的最严重的疾病。同时，吸烟很浪费金钱。除此而外，粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾。 为了保证人们的身体健康，我们应当改掉吸烟的坏习惯。请立即停止吸烟吧。

18. 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理u2022史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 18.5 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 As 的用法 例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 18.7 先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) 18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （错）Who breaks the law will be punished. （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （对）Who robbed the bank is not clear. 3) that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。 I think (that) you will like the stamps. What we need is more practice. 18.9 关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 举例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 定语从句里的

【 #英语资源# 导语】吸烟有害健康，每个人都应该照顾自己的身体。 ！ 【篇一】关于戒烟的高一英语作文 　　At present, many teenagers smoke. I don"t think it"s a good phenomenon. It must be stopped, for smoking is harmful in many ways. 　　目前，很多青少年吸烟。我不觉得这是一个好的现象。这种现象必须要停止，因为吸烟在很多方面都是有害的。 　　First, smoking is bad for our health. As we start smoking, it"s so difficult to give up, because the tobacco contains a drug called nicotine, which can get us into the habit of smoking. When we go without nicotine, our bodies will feel sick. 　　首先，吸烟对我们的健康有害。我们一开始吸烟，就很难戒掉，因为烟草含有一种叫尼古丁的药物，它能让我们养成吸烟的习惯。当我们体内没有尼古丁时，我们就会感到恶心。 　　Second, smoking is so dangerous. When we smoke in bed, we may kill ourselves as well as burn down our houses, for burning cigarette ends may cause a big fire. And if we threw the cigarette ends anywhere, it would also cause a fire disaster. 　　第二，吸烟是危险的。我们在床上吸烟的时候，我们可能会导致自杀或者烧毁房子，杀死自己，因为燃烧的烟头可能引起火灾。如果我们把烟头丢在任何地方都有可能会引起火灾。 　　Furthermore, once we smoke in public, we may make other people feel uncomfortable as well. 　　此外，如果我们在公共场所吸烟，我们可能会让其他人感到不舒服。 　　Accordingly, for the sake of your and others" health, please don"t smoke. 　　因此，为了您和他人的健康，请不要吸烟。 【篇二】关于戒烟的高一英语作文 　　Nowadays, more and more people realize the harm of smoking and the damage it bring to the people around us. Considered the health of people themseves and the one they care, many smokers try their best to give up smoking. When quiting smoking, I have some suggestions. First of all, people should have strong will on giving up smoking. Personal determination is the most important factor. When feeling eager to smoke, people should think about the damage of smoking and the people they love. And then they can strengthen their will not to smoke. 　　Secondly, sweep away all the cigarette around. They can"t find any cigarette when they want to smoke. And then after a while, their wants for smoke will reduce gradually. 　　Last but not least, prepare some candies in the pocket, when people want to smoke, eat candies instead. Hope every smoker succeed in the end. 【篇三】关于戒烟的高一英语作文 　　As we all know, there are many people smoking, although everyone knows smoking is harmful to us. Giving up smoking is not easy but addicted to it is quite easy, that"s why there are more and more people smoking. Smoking and passive smoking is risk factor that leads to various diseases. It has become world"s top 8 causes of death. More than 90% of lung cancer caused by smoking and lung cancer rates of smokers are 18 times over the non-smokers. Besides, smoking also causes angiocardiopathy, digestive system disease, oral disease and so on. In addition, passive smoking causes great concern in recent years. People have known that passive smoking also do great harm to human, too. Therefore, many countries and regions prohibit people from smoking in public zones, in order to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke. From my point of view, the best way to keep healthy is giving up smoke, for smoker"s own good as well as for others. 　　众所周知，即使人们都知道吸烟有害健康，但现在依然有很多人吸烟。吸烟容易戒烟难，这就是为什么烟民越来越多的原因。吸烟以及吸二手烟都是导致多种疾病的危险因子，烟草已经成为全球第八大死因。超过90%的肺癌是由吸烟导致的，吸烟者患肺癌的几率是非吸烟者的18倍之多。此外，吸烟也会导致心血管病、消化系统疾病、口腔疾病等。此外，吸二手烟在近些年也引起了人们很多的关注，它也会对人体造成危害。因此，为了减少二手烟伤害，许多国家和地区都禁止人们在公共场所吸烟。我认为，为了自己也为了他人的健康着想，保持健康的办法就是戒烟。 【篇四】关于戒烟的高一英语作文 　　It"s well known that smoking is bad for our health. It does much harm to our lung. Smoking too much is very easy to get cancer， which is very terrible. 　　Besides， smoking also do harm to people"s teeth. Those people always smoke will demage their teeth and their teeth are always yellow. That makes others feel sick. The last but not least， the people smoke the passive smoking are tend to get sick. They have do nothing wrong，but stand beside those smoking people. It"s unfair. 　　So， in order to the health of everyone， please stop smoking. 【篇五】关于戒烟的高一英语作文 　　Smoking is a widespread habit even among school children. The number of young smokers is increasing. 　　It is reported that over two-fifths of the students in a certain school smoke, and some of them even steal money to buy cigarettes, This is terrible. 　　As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. But its even more harmful to middle school students for it does great harm not only to their health but also to their mind. 　　Middle school students are future builders of the country. They should spend their time learning what is useful. So its really time that these young smokers made up their minds to give up smoking.

NO Smoking Now, we can see the notice "No smoking" here and there. Whyuff1fBecause smoking is bad for our health. It can cause many kinds of disease, and even can lead to lung cancer. Every year, many people die of smoking. But many people begin to smoke. Once he smokes, he is used to it. It"s hard to stop smoking because the smokers are addicted to a drug called "nicotine". Though it"s very hard, I suggest they try their best to give it up. Smoking is not only bad for the smoker himself, but also for the people around. We should do something to help the smokers give up smoking.

Should Smoking in Public Places be Banned? 　　Nowadays many countries in the world have passed laws to ban smoking in public places. Some smokers claim that their rights are infringed if smoking is forbidden in public places. However, most non-smokers regard the ban as good news. As far as I"m concerned, smoking should be banned in all the public places such as restaurants, theaters and public squares.　　On the one hand, smoking is harmful both for smokers themselves and others. It is reported that every year smoking causes millions of death around the world. On the other hand, smoking pollutes the air. Just imagine that you sit in a restaurant full of smoke, how can you enjoy your meal there? Besides, smoking is bad for the elevation of a country"s image in the world.　　I believe if smoking is banned in all the public places, most of us will breathe in more fresh and clean air. And the health condition of all the people will be greatly improved.

smokingdoesgreatharmtoyourhealth.或smokingcausesgreatdamagetoyourhealth.

Smoking Is HarmfulIt is said that about half of people in China *** oke. Many young boys and girls have the habit of *** oking, though they are middle school students As we all know, *** oking does great harm to human beings. More and more people have e to realize how serious this problem is. But they are never bored with it. Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that *** oking can refresh themselves. Smoking causes many illnesses. A lot of people always cough because of *** oking. The most serious illness caused by *** oking is lung cancer. Meanwhile *** oking is a waste of money. Besides, careless *** okers may cause dangerous fires. In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of *** oking. Please stop *** oking at once 中文翻译：吸烟有害 据说,中国有一半人在吸烟.许多男孩和女孩都有吸烟的习惯,尽管他们还是中学生. 众所周知,吸烟对人身体有害.越来越多的人们认识到这个问题的严重性,但他们仍然乐此不疲.一些人认为抽烟是一种时尚,一些人认为抽烟很有趣,还有一些人认为吸烟可以提神. 吸烟能导致很多疾病.由于吸烟,一些人一直在咳嗽.肺癌是吸烟导致的最严重的疾病.同时,吸烟很浪费金钱.除此而外,粗心的烟民还可能引起火灾. 为了保证人们的身体健康,我们应当改掉吸烟的坏习惯.请立即停止吸烟吧

no smoking 拜托采纳把

Smoking is harmful to your health Smoking is not a good habit because it is harmful to people"s health. If you *** oke a lot,you will be unhealth.Many people *** oke too much every day,they bee thinner and weaker.We know every year many people have died from nicotine. Smoking in the public does harm to people around you. Our government has issued" No *** oking" regulations in airplanes, on trains and at cinemas. Let"s try our best to help the *** okers give up 吸烟有害健康 吸烟不是一种好习惯，因为它是对人们的健康有害。如果你吸烟很多,你将变得不健康。许多人每天抽太多烟,他们变得更瘦弱。我们知道每年有许多人死于尼古丁。吸烟在公众场合也确实影响到周围的人。我们的 *** 已经发布了在飞机上,火车上和在电影院“禁止吸烟”的规定。我们应该尽力帮助吸烟者戒烟。 第二篇供参考我就不翻译了 Smoking is a bad habit that does harm to *** oker and others. Many kinds of diseases and cancers are caused by *** oking, such as trachitis, lung cancer and many other diseases. Recent years, there are tens of thousands of people dying of *** oking. But there still are many people enjoying *** oking, because they think *** oking is a kind of fashion and *** oking is so cool, especially among teenagers. In addition, *** oking does harm to others as well. Second hand *** oking has been recognized harmful to other people. Even worse, it may cause more damages. Therefore, people should remember that *** oking is harmful to others and those people who *** okes should give up *** oking as soon as possible. 　　en 　　Smoking is harmful to your health If you *** oke a lot,you will be unhealth.Many people *** oke too much every day,they bee thinner.Cigarettes are made of Poppy（罂粟）。Although this is a kind of beautiful flowers,it is toxic(有毒) flowers.Either you *** oke a lot every day or *** oke fewer.I suggest you don"t *** oke more cigarettes,because it is good for your health. 请采纳 谢谢了 采纳我吧 谢谢

Tobacco contains nicotine, a substance that is recognized to be addictive byinternational medical organizations.Nicotine fulfills the key criteria for addictionor dependence, including compulsive use, despite the desire and repeatedattempts to quit; psychoactive effects produced by the action of the substanceon the brain; and behavior motivated by the “reinforcing” effects of the psychoactive substance. Cigarettes, unlike chewed tobacco, enable nicotine to reach the brain rapidly, within a few seconds of inhaling smoke, and the smoker can regulate the dose puff by puff. Within the next year, tobacco is expected to kill approximately 4 million peopleworldwide. Already, it is responsible for one in 10 adult deaths; by 2030 thefigure is expected to be one in six, or 10 million deaths each year—more thanany other cause and more than the projected death tolls from pneumonia, diarrhealdiseases, tuberculosis, and the complications of childbirth for that yearcombined. If current trends persist, about 500 million people alive today will eventually be killed by tobacco, half of them in productive middle age, losing20 to 25 years of life. However, the toll of death and disability from smoking outside the high-incomecountries has yet to be felt. This is because the diseases caused by smokingcan take several decades to develop. Even when smoking is very commonin a population, the damage to health may not yet be visible. A person"s risk of developing lung cancer is affected more strongly by theamount of time that they have been a smoker than by the number of cigarettesthey have smoked daily. Smokers affect not only their own health but the health of those around them.Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to lose the fetus throughspontaneous abortion. Babies born to smoking mothers in high-income countriesare significantly more likely than the babies of nonsmokers to have a lowbirth weight and up to 35 percent more likely to die in infancy. They also facehigher risks of respiratory disease. The earlier a smoker starts, the greater the risk of disabling illnesses. Inhigh-income countries with long-term data, researchers have concluded thatsmokers who start early and smoke regularly are much more likely to developlung cancer than smokers who quit while they are still young. With all the disadvantages listed above, smoking is strongly not recommended and should definitely be avoided.

Today smoking is a widespread habit ali over the world. Not only the old, the youth, but also middle school students have been engaged in smoking. Many of them think that smoking is a smart symbol.However, smoking is harmful to one"s health. It contributes a lot of lung cancer, from which many people have died in the past years. It can also cause many other diseases. In a word, if you smoke, you do have a much greater chance of losing your health. Furthermore, scientific research shows that smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves, but also a threat to public health, especially to women and children. Therefore, many countries have made laws forbidding smokers to smoke m public places such as cinemas, stations, hospitals, and so on Giveup smoking! If you don"t smoke, don"t start. Give upsmoking for the sake of your health, for the sake of your family, and for the sake of the whole world.

Smoking is bad for health

Smoking KILLS Every year hundreds of thousands of people around the world die from diseases caused by smoking. One in two lifetime smokers will die from their habit. Half of these deaths will occur in middle age. Tobacco smoke also contributes to a number of cancers. The mixture of nicotine and carbon monoxide in each cigarette you smoke temporarily increases your heart rate and blood pressure, straining your heart and blood vessels. This can cause heart attacks and stroke. It slows your blood flow, cutting off oxygen to your feet and hands. Some smokers end up having their limbs amputated. Tar coats your lungs like soot in a chimney and causes cancer. A 20-a-day smoker breathes in up to a full cup (210 g) of tar in a year. Changing to low-tar cigarettes does not help because smokers usually take deeper puffs and hold the smoke in for longer, dragging the tar deeper into their lungs. Carbon monoxide robs your muscles, brain and body tissue of oxygen, making your whole body and especially your heart work harder. Over time, your airways swell up and let less air into your lungs. Smoking causes disease and is a slow way to die. The strain put on your body by smoking often causes years of suffering. Emphysema is an illness that slowly rots your lungs. People with emphysema often get bronchitis again and again, and suffer lung and heart failure. Lung cancer from smoking is caused by the tar in tobacco smoke. Men who smoke are ten times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers. Heart disease and strokes are also more common among smokers than non-smokers. Smoking causes fat deposits to narrow and block blood vessels which leads to heart attack. Smoking causes around one in five deaths from heart disease. In younger people, three out of four deaths from heart disease are due to smoking Please quip smoking for the sake of your health!请采纳 谢谢

　　每次听到发生大地震，作为一名中学生，你有什么样的感受呢?有没有献出自己的爱心呢?下面是我为您整理的三篇地震自救英语 初中 作文 。以供参考 　　地震自救 英语作文 初中（一） 　　There was a big earthquake on April 20th in Yaan . Many houses were broken into pieces and lots of people lost their lives. Some people survived but they lost everything they had. The situation was very serious. To save more peopleu2019s lives, the government sent many doctors to Sichuan and a lot of goods and materials were sent there as well. Many people contributed their money and clothes. Many students wrote letters to cheer up the Sichuan people . Our school also took part in these activities, all the students and teachers donated money. I gave my pocket money, too. I also wrote a letter to Sichuan people. I believe with our efforts, we can defeat the disaster.I hope that there will be a beautiful and colorful world in the future. 　　地震自救英语作文初中（二） 　　April 20th is an ordinary day in 2013,it is in this day that shocking earthquake happened again in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words. Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers, they longed to have families to continue their lives.I am sympathetic to their fate! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it.For example, there are many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! 　　What an unbelievable thing it is! Their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans! However, they must keep fighting against the death. Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever. Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there! 　　But, fortunately, love is around us: the Communist party helps us, the army helps us, the people all over the world help us. They offer us with money, goods, love and so on ! 　　With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future ! 　　地震自救英语作文初中（三） 　　On April 20th, a big earthquake happened in Yau2019an, Sichuan. Many people lost their relatives and their homes. All the Chinese people feel quite sorrow.A lot of people volunteer to help them. Some people raise money for them, some people buy something for them, some people go there to comfort the sad children. Thousands of soldiers help them to save their relatives and rebuild their homes Even foreign friends also give them a hand. 　　Iu2019m deeply moved by these people. So Iu2019ll use my pocket money to buy some food and school things for the children there. I think all of us should try our best to help them to get out of the trouble together.

我来试,不知这样行不行:The enormous legendary fish huge mythical bird spreads the wings with the wind to get up,skyrockets 90000 miles.

1.May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,itis in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchan county Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan ! With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !

在2008年5月12日是一普通的天，它是在这天可怕的地震在四川省发生了， China.The地震毁坏了几乎一切在Wenchan县四川省。 它是可怕的。我们不能describle场面什么我们看见了与人所有words.thousands甚而被伤害了死了。 并且数以万计孩子成为了失去的父亲或母亲，他们渴望有持续到的家庭他们的生活的这样不幸部分。我是有同情心的对他们的命运! 但是我相信我们可以与命运作战和改变它。例如，在地震期间，那里继续许多的人民居住，不用食物或水大约100个小时! What一件难以相信的事它是! 他们的巨大精神显示了人的强有力的生活生命力! 然而，他们必须继续作战与死亡。毁坏了许多学校，并且有永远留下我们的许多学生和老师。悲伤、hoplessness和不同的种类危险各处延长! But，幸运地，爱是在我们附近：共产党帮助我们，军队帮助我们，人民全世界帮助我们。他们提供我们有金钱的，物品，爱等等! 例如，锂lian ji，一个热心的人，被提供我们有20百万元的! 在这样大爱帮助下的，我们将来地震的损伤并且面对我们美好的未来

May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,itis in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchan county Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan ! With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future ! 　　a major earthquake measuring 8.0 richter scale attacked wenchuan county of sichuan province at 14:28:04 on 12 may 2008. the epicenter of the quake was located 31.0 degrees north latitude and 103.4 degrees east longitude. it is believed to be the largest earthquake since 1949. 　　水电站 hydroelectric plant 　　次生地质灾害 secondary geological disaster 　　堰塞湖 quake lake，barrier lake，dammed lake 　　山体滑坡 mountain landslide 　　残奥会 paralympic games 　　生命探测仪 life detection instrument 　　在2008年5月12日之前你可能没听说过汶川这个地方，但这之后“汶川地震”都会是几代中国人无法忘记的名词。 　　 you may never heard about wenchuan befor 12 may 2008, but the word "wenchuan earthquake" will never be fotten by the chinese people. 　　2008年5月19日至21日期间，全国和各驻外机构下半旗志哀，停止公共娱乐活动，外交部和我国驻外使领馆设立吊唁簿。5月19日14时28分起，全国人民默哀3分钟，届时汽车、火车、舰船鸣笛，防空警报鸣响。 　　from may 19 through 21, all national flags will fly at half-mast at home and chinese diplomatic missions abroad. during this period, all public amusement will be suspended, and condolence books will be opened in china"s foreign ministry and chinese embassies and consulates around the world. at 2:28 p.m. 19 may, chinese citizens nationwide will stand in silence for three minutes to mourn for the victims, while air raid sirens and horns of automobiles, trains and ships will wail in grief. 　　无数的灾难片中，直升机绝对是极好的求援工具。今天的“直升机”觉得特别的神圣，它承载的是生命的希望，被亲切的称为“吉祥鸟”。 　　 　　in many disaster films, helicopter is the first choice for rescue activity, and it is more grand today. as the hope of life, a helicopter is often called a "lucky bird". de

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古代社会知识的传播.Adiffusionofancientsocialknowledge古代知识传播的状况:古代知识的传播可以用一个词来形容:缓慢,在过去一项科学知识的传播都要经历了数百乃至数千年thespreadsituationoftheAncientsocialknowledge:wecanuseonewordtodescribethetransmissionoftheAncientsocialknowledge:slow.Inthepast,thespreadofascientificknowledgemustexperiencehundredsofthousandsofyears.例如:印刷术早在公元200年就产生在中国并得到了发展和广泛的运用.但是在壹千多年后才传播到了欧洲;Forexample:inA.D.200,printingwasinvented,developedandwidelyusedinChina,butitwasn"tspreadtoEuropeuntilonethousandyearslater;玉米的种植技术1000多年前就出现在美洲,但在哥伦布发现新大陆后才流传至欧洲和中亚.thetechnologyofcornplantingfirstappearedinAmericaaboutathousandyearsago,butitwasnotuntilChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewcontinentthatitwasspreadedtoEuropeandcentralAsia.这一切都是一个缓慢的过程,那么,为什么古代知识的传播会如此之慢呢?什么是古代知识传播的障碍呢?下面有请。。。为大家讲解。Allofthisisaslowprocess.So,whyisitthatthediffusionofknowledgeshouldbesoslow?Whataretheobstaclesthatholditback?Next,let"swelcome...tolecturetous/togivealecture手工和机器的差别是手工写的句子很流畅，有句型，有重点，希望楼主仔细采纳(*^__^*)

Everyone nows that,on 5.12,a very impossible day ,the earthquach in Wenchuan,a terrible day!A boy name Wang Tao,he"s 9 years old,althouch he is so young,but can you blieve?He save two boys on time,he don"t care about himself,but remembering about others!We should learn from him,he is really a unselfish person,I think his （精神）will (影响）us,we will remember him forever

Hi,my friends,it"s so nice to be here giving speech to you.Before what i"ll do,let"s have a look at a slap of video.Does everybody know what in this video is? Yes,it"s breaking.It"s a kind of street dance which is prevalent in China.Many young people like us are crazy about it for it"s so cool.The boy doing breaking dance is called B-boy,while girl is called B-girl.Luckily,I am a B-boy. Breaking is so fantastic indeed,but it needs for pains even sometimes danger.Ok,let"s have another video.Frankly,being a B-boy,i broke my arms twice with a large consumption of ointment.But I come to the last for breaking is my dream.I wanna say there must be lots of difficulties on the way to pursuing our dreams,but we cannot give up,so it is the same with other things such as study which also asks for our perseverance. Our teacher has said taht No Pains No gains. Yes,I had my own experieces on this sentence. Now,read after me please No pains No gains.That"s all thank you.

三位的回答都不是完全整确的```各位有些单词是从辞典里查到的把``用在句子就不通了```各位还是要好好练习啊`````虽然我不能完全翻译``但是我还是可以翻译些的```所以不用回答了

Mei Lanfang, one of the most outstanding performers in Peking opera, represents the Mei"s Group. He was born in a family in Beijing, which performed the opera from generation to generation.He began to learn the Peking opera at 8, perform on the stage at 11 for the first time.He devoted all his life to the career. More than half-century perform on the stage, he created many beautiful and unforgetable artistic images and formed a unique perform style. Meanwhile, he had made great contributions to the culture exchange between China and the rest of the world. He was a pioneer who spreaded our opera to abroad.

what is victoryBefore I deliver my speech to you, I want to ask you guys a question:What is victory in your mind? Some of you might say:Winng a battle is called victory,others might think that beating all the opponents in a game is victory.Yes,those who succeeded and stood at the peek is surely victorious.But I also want to speak for those who are not so successful, not so well-known,who may be ordinary,may be some small figure that is not even worth of your notice.I want to say that:Victory sometimes belongs to them either. there"s an old man who makes his living by collecting rubbish on the street.He earns so little that he can barely live his life.But when the huge earthquake took place in Si Chuan province,He donated all his savings to the people who suffered from the catastrophe.And that"s 100,000 yuan! To those who are wealthy this sum of money may be nothing.But for him,It"s the equivalent of his lifetime labor!So isn"t he a success? Isn"t he victorious? Actually I think he is the moral model for this society which has long been lost in the abundance of material. And i bet most of you would agree that the emerge of NEW CHINA,the founding of our country is a great victory.But When talking about it,I bet most you would just think of some well-known names such as mao ze dong and deng xiao ping.And it seems that the great victory was just about those great leaders.But from my perspective.The victory in fact belonged to those didn"t have a name:those soldiers who died in crucial battle against Japanese invaders,those students who spreaded the idea of science and democracy on the street and those workers who produced tanks and planes to fight against the enemies.In my point of view,they were all victories and it was them who founded the NEW CHINA. So if you ask me what is victory,I will say:everyone who achieves his or her goal no matter how insignificant it is,everyone who realizes his or her dreams no matter how stupid they are are all victorious.Thank you.

1, I am very fortunate when I was young at learned many different skills. 2, which draw about 50 million U.S. dollars in value, must not be under direct exposure to sunlight. 3, my son wrote his first poem, I know he has talent. 4, because of influenza (The flu) spread in the community, she used warm clothing will be the East wrapped up their own in order to prevent transmission of the disease on. 5, the accused (defendant) denied that he once paid to government officials to obtain contracts. 6, I was surprised to see that when his wife reveal a family secret, he gave her one slap in the face. 7, he said he was in possession of a secret document about the war, which makes every person here in amazement, and then snapped open his briefcase (briefcase) began to read. 8, when he gradually gained confidence, he has become a natural tone, and talk is a natural blurted out.

In the past people ate bread, meat and vegetables. Once, a European bread added between the meat and vegetables. Later, one from Hamburg who brought it to the United States, it has been called the " hamburger". Now, it is very popular, especially among young people

On the occasion of your silver wedding anniversary, I hereby sincerely congratulate and wish that you"ll have healthy and happy lives.Soon did the fire spreaded all across the building, investigators beleiving that it is a milicious crime.Considering huge demand to silk, we barely offer discount for a order lower than $50,000.Time is on our side, we"re gonna defeat them sooner or later.I"ve received your message and passed it to an operator.

May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan !With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !

Computer-A Good CompanionNowadays,when you mentioned computer, nobody will say that"s a fresh thing due to its universalness.When you are walking around shopping streets,when you are having meals in the restaurants,when you are seeing a doctor in the hospital,the computer is spreaded every where.People almost use computer doing everything,like shopping online,enjoy reservation online,or even get a cure online.What"s more, computer do us a favour to studying and working,and provide entertainment and general games as well.After finish a depressed job and homework,definitely the relaxation upon computer would give you a heaven.So,using computer correctly will give you a happy life and happy job!

The general education in China is always the main focus of the government and has attracted many public attention. The issues involved in this subject include public vs private school, tuition fee and designing of current curriculum etc.In China, parents are always concerned about which school they should choose for their children to access to the best education possible. Despite the extremely high tuition fee, many parents believe private shool is worthwhile to choose since they provide their kids with better teaching resources and facility. For those children studying in public school, parents is constantly complaining about overcrowded classroom and lack of communication from the teaching staff.Regarding the tuition fee, many parents experienced financial stress as their children booked extracurriculum activitie like sports class, computer class which will incur additional costs. Moreover, super-expensive textbook, spring excursion and class selection fee, all these costs either formally or informally incurred to parents is a huge burden to their family. Although many charges are illegal according to current policy, parents are willing to pay the fee to let their children studying in a better environment.Recently many proposals to change the new curriculum has been widely spreaded, as students complained about the heavy workload and obsolete knowledge. Many students are considering go straight to work after high school to gain more work experience as they felt they can"t learn anything from university. Many school has added economy and IT class into their curriculum to allow their students master more updated knowledge and skills. Overall, despite so many heated debates regarding general education, we can not deny its importance to each individual and the whole society. So any changes in policy or funding should be carefully assessed and discussed.

May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,itis in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchan county Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan ! With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !

一个山清水秀的地方。这里就是四川省汶川县。人们正翘首盼望着奥运时，就在这奥运的带着欢快的脚步愈走愈近时，却发生了灾难。一场以汶川为震中，波及太多地区的大地震。看！——那平日矗立的房屋，一下子被推倒；那平日和美的生活，一下子被吞噬；那平日快乐的人们，一下子被掩埋在废墟中或是沉没在失去亲人的悲痛、失去家园的悲痛中。这场景令人惊慌，令人颤栗，令人恐怖。尽管这地震，使清新的空气立即变得污浊了，使明媚的阳光立即变得晦暗了，使愉快的世界立即变得愁苦了。但是——这不祥没有使人们丧失信心。政府、军队、医护人员，群众和国际友人，他们的行动使灾区人民无助的心燃烧起希望，使灾区人民失落的心充盈满兴奋，使灾区人民痛苦的心贮存满慰籍。地震发生不多久，温总理就亲自赶往灾区。我们看到，我们听到，我们感觉到——总理的脚步走遍了太多受灾地区；总理的声音安慰了太多受灾群众；总理的爱与关怀触及了太多受灾人们的心灵。尚小的孩子受到安慰不哭了，成年的人们受到安慰也不怕了。泪水凝聚成信心和力量，并环绕着更多的人。好一股感人的力量！地震发生不多久，许多军人就赶往灾区抢救伤员。为救受灾群众，它们可以不顾自己的安危，可以不顾自己的疲惫，可以不顾自己的一切。我们看到，他们为救人被大雨淋湿全身，他们为救人把身体探进废墟，他们为救人不顾时间地奋战，再奋战。好一股感人的力量！好一群可爱可敬的人！地震发生不多久，许多医护人员也赶往灾区救治伤员。当我们看到他们镇静的表情时，又可否想到：他们的孩子也许也被埋在废墟中，他们的亲人也许也被困在困境中，他们自己也许正被亲人召唤着。然而这群坚强的白衣天使依然面对，依然奋战。好一股感人的力量！好一群可爱可敬的人！与此同时，普通的群众也在献出自己微薄的力量。为了救灾，它们捐款、捐物、献血。在短短的一两天时间内，血库已惊人的被富有爱心的、毫不自私的、络绎不绝的人们的血所充满。为了鼓励受灾人民，他们无论身在何方，都用自己的力量贡献着。好一股感人的力量！好一个团结的大中国！世界其它各国，也都纷纷对中国的巨大地震灾害深感同情，并且有些外国的医疗队赶来，有些外国的救援物资运来。这使人们可以感受得到，爱的弧线已越画越长，爱的火炬已越传越远，爱的声音已越唱越高。好一股感人的力量！好一个和谐互助的大世界！请找一找吧，哪里还有这么大这么大的力量，哪里还有这么多这么多感人的故事啊！政府的关注是一支先锋的队伍；军队的支撑是一枚坚强的盾牌；医护人员的抢救是一束引领生命的光，人民的救济是一个由点滴建立起来的坚固的大厦；国际的援助是一个失落时画出的同心圆。它们加起来，还有什么可怕、可畏、可惧的呢？在经过太多风风雨雨之后，中华儿女的心连得更紧了，中华儿女的情凝得更浓了。一切都将会过去。阳光即将来临。因为爱的普照，一切都变得如此温暖。

【 #小学英语# 导语】英语作文，是指用英语针对某一内容写出一篇文章，是英语考试最常见的一种题目类型，英语作文要求阅读、写作能力比较高，也是考生最容易失分的题型，因此培养学生写作能力是非常有意义的。以下是 整理的《 小学六年级英语作文：一件难忘的事（三篇）》，希望帮助到您。 小学六年级英语作文：一件难忘的事篇一 　　Everyone has his most unforgettable thing. Friendship may be the most impotant thing in our life. 　　It"s like a light that gives us brightness. I have many things that I can"t forget with my friends. 　　One day, I showed a new watch to my best friend. The watch is very pretty and I like it very much. When I passed it to her, she dropped it and the watch crashed into pieces. I shouted to her: I don"t want to see you again. She cried at once after school. I found a pretty pencil case in my desk. In the pencil case, I found a note which said: "Dear Cristine, I gave this to you because I don"t want to lose you. Can you forgive me?" I was moved by the note and I felt regret with my words. I said sorry to her and we were closer than before. A friend is like a star in the sky. He (She) is always there around you. I can"t forget this thing forever. 小学六年级英语作文：一件难忘的事篇二 　　Last week i played basketball with my classmate in my school playground. i remember it is very hot that day, but you know,i like play basketball very much ,so they do . it is about 3 o"clock we all tired so we have a rest under a big tree. wow. it is very cool there.and then one of us said "how about to buy some drink ?"and the other one answered" it is no necessary,i have got one" oh,he has bring a bottle of water,and we share it. after that i learn that share something wiht others is helpful. 小学六年级英语作文：一件难忘的事篇三 　　I really want to say thanks to you because you not only teach ue a lot of knowledge, but also are concerned about us. I still remember that you worried about our health last spring, when influenza A spreaded rapidly around the city. You, my dear teacher, asked us to wash hand and take a bath frequently. You also suggested us to open the windows and not go to the place having many people. You recommended us to drink more water and form a good habit. You came early and back late to spray drug. It was very painstaking.My dear teacher, thanks again.

选D，理由是否定式与比较级搭配表示最高级的意思：“我从未听过比这更好的声音了。”

1. 关于汶川地震的英语作文怎么写 May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan ! With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future ! 2. 英语作文 关于汶川地震的作文该怎么写 "The most dangerous, the hardest-hit areas to go!" This is the international rescue teams have each put forward the request. In that search and rescue of a mother and her daughter"s body, to maximize the well-preserved remains of the Japanese search and rescue team members to give up the machinery, will hand the bodies on the gravel open clean up a little bit. To see young mothers at the last moment of life-long micro-back, doing its best to protect the baby"s attitude, team members are more than sad tears, sighs again and again Chinese mother, "remarkable." Japanese rescue team captain Chong Koizumi also said that China is Japan"s participation in international rescue more than 20 years starting in the fastest time. Ichiro Island team during this memorable special cooperation: "People"s Liberation Army saw the *** ile 。 。 feel they treat us as a brother. This is a glorious relief, but also of great significance." In particular, he mentioned that when the remains wrapped in , Taking into account the victims are women, the Japanese team specially chosen to accept the pattern Vintage *** all bag. May 17, 127 hours trapped 61-year-old women were survivors of the Russian rescue team found her body immediately reinforced concrete floor slab cut 1 meter square. Russia confirmed that a member conscious of the survivors, just over 10 minutes, she will be caught beeen o floors from the rescue. Rescued the survivors out, Russia can no longer members of uncontrollable feelings, embrace each other with tears eyeful Singapore rescue team members also took the initiative to assume the duties of non-removal and burial of the remains. Several players and even their hands to help clear the grave of the deceased relatives in the huge stones, all team members sweating, exhausted, but in the face of the families of emotion and howl, they fort in a low voice, be patient 。 。 "in the body when digging The team is almost bodies of the victims "face the face" to work What a touching ah! ! ! ! ! Sichuan 8.0 earthquake has shocked the world, the people in the disaster areas not only affects the fate of the 1.3 billion Chinese people"s hearts, but also touches the hearts of the world. Chuan Wenchuan four after the earthquake, the China Sei *** ological Bureau has plans for a start. 12 by the China Sei *** ological Bureau, Beijing Military Region and the People"s Armed Police Corps of Engineers 150 General Hospital 22-member national earthquake disaster emergency rescue team have rushed to the disaster area Wenchuan, is responsible for search, rescue and medical tasks. Chinese Air Force today dispatched 22 military transport planes to the earthquake-stricken area in Sichuan Province by air, more than six and four airborne mand vehicle, the implementation of Mianzhu, County, Kitagawa region earthquake relief mission. Ministry of Civil Affairs also an emergency allocation of 25,000 tents and relief support in the disaster areas in Sichuan, and all walks of life, many Chinese enterprises, the Red Cross Society of China, all involved in helping the Sichuan 。 。 。 。. In the face of disaster, unity is strength. When the 1.3 billion Chinese people stand side by side, Shou Wanshou, heart to heart, any difficulties are temporary, and any disaster can be overe! fhifghl,giugihfdlkflcmfdjghvkhgijgcmefj,ytrgrtgv,trv,rt,dgxrtcv,trvcvyerwgfcdsefdefg,fdgvrdregvgrtc,rcfcgxsfg. 谢谢。 3. 关于汶川地震的英语作文怎么写 关于5.12四川汶川地震的英语作文 May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,itis in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchan county Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan ! With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future ! 4. 关于此次汶川地震英语作文怎么写 5月12日下午14时28分，我国汶川发生了8.0级打地震。 我们对此感到十分难过，我们学校还举行了捐款活动。这个时间，一个挡风的帐篷，一床温暖的褥被，一碗热乎乎的面条，一句真诚的问候。 对于灾区人民来说也许就是希望 ，也许就是明天。一点很小的爱心乘以13亿，就会汇聚成爱的海洋，再大的困难除以13亿，就是四个大字：众志成城 On May 12 14:28 pm, our country Wenchuan had 8.0 magnitude to hit the earthquake. We feel regarding this very sad, our school has also held donation. This time, keeps out the wind account awning, bed warm quilt and mattress, bowl of chummy noodles, sincere regards. Is hoped perhaps regarding the disaster area people that perhaps tomorrow will be. A spot very *** all benevolence is multiplied by 1,300,000,000, will collect Cheng Ai the sea, the major difficulty will divide 1,300,000,000, will be four large brush-written Chinese characters: Unity is strength 回答完毕——————。 5. 关于汶川地震的英语作文怎么写 May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there !But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan !With the help of the such a large love ,we will over e the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !。 6. 关于此次汶川地震英语作文怎么写 5月12日下午14时28分，我国汶川发生了8.0级打地震。我们对此感到十分难过，我们学校还举行了捐款活动。这个时间，一个挡风的帐篷，一床温暖的褥被，一碗热乎乎的面条，一句真诚的问候。对于灾区人民来说也许就是希望 ，也许就是明天。一点很小的爱心乘以13亿，就会汇聚成爱的海洋，再大的困难除以13亿，就是四个大字：众志成城 On May 12 14:28 pm, our country Wenchuan had 8.0 magnitude to hit the earthquake. We feel regarding this very sad, our school has also held donation. This time, keeps out the wind account awning, bed warm quilt and mattress, bowl of chummy noodles, sincere regards. Is hoped perhaps regarding the disaster area people that perhaps tomorrow will be. A spot very *** all benevolence is multiplied by 1,300,000,000, will collect Cheng Ai the sea, the major difficulty will divide 1,300,000,000, will be four large brush-written Chinese characters: Unity is strength 回答完毕—————— 7. 帮我写一篇汶川地震的英语作文 Dear friends I"m sorry to hear that an earthquake happened to your hometom.The earthquake destroyed you hometome.Lots of houses fell down and some of you can"t see your families any more. Please don"t feel sad.you should believe in the Party,the government and the people in the country.Your heart should be full 笭胆蒂感郦啡垫拾叮浆of wishes because the Party,the government and the people are with you all the time,and they take care of you.They try their best to solve your troubles.They give away their money and many things for you,and they donate bloodfor you. So you should take cre of yourselves.In the future,you should do something useful for our country to answer for their loves.。 8. 汶川地震我们怎样做英语作文 s Finaice Bureau muste investment more money to the relative areas May 12 had remained a grant scar in Chinese people". The brutal earthquakes had killed numerous lifes ;t defence it . Last bu not the least , we must have courage and confidence to over e the earthquake which isn",the Country". Firstly , we must to strengthen the knowledge about earthquake wildspread in nomally people .especially the people who are live in the areas where the earthquake are frequent. Secondly,every persons inmersed in sadness .but except the grant sadness ,what is the most important ting must to consideration about the earthquake . The earthquake just like the God ".Such as constructing more firmly buildings ;s order , that we can". But except that we have more works to do ;t so dreadful ! 其实我都不知道你是想要写什么； heart.especially heavily broken Wenchuan people"s ,who were lose their relatives 9. 用英语写一篇关于"汶川地震"的作文.（中学生水平） 为四川汶川哀悼作文 In the sound of the whistle, the May meeting of rain and tears. This is a sad moment: the mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, wives, hu *** ands, lovers, teachers, students, friends, colleagues, neighbours… 。 to at 14:28 on May 12 before the dull, busy, hope , Disappointed, sad, happy…… those beutiful days. Today"s Wenchuan Festivals, it is only a short farewell. Life, not just breathing and heartbeat. Man"s bitterest sorrows are separation and death not the lives of the border. Pro-people did not leave, everything will continue. In the ruins of the baby crying sound, called a "Wenchuan" new life, born today. 在悠远的汽笛声中垂首默立，任5月的雨水和泪水交汇。这是挥别的一刻：向母亲、父亲、儿子、女儿、妻子、丈夫、恋人、老师、学生、朋友、同事、邻居……；向5月12日14时28分前的平淡、忙碌、盼望、失望、忧愁、欢喜……那些美丽的温馨日子。 今天的汶川祭奠，一定也只是短暂的告别。生命，并非仅仅是呼吸和心跳。 生离死别，不是生命的边界。亲人们没有离去，一切都将延续。 在废墟上嘹亮的婴儿啼哭声里，一个叫做“汶川”的新生命，今天降生。 汶川地震感想作文 6 May 12, 2008, let us all Chinese people always remember this day for it, our "national calamity," the history of the Chinese nation, engraved too many disasters, but never the candidate of our national glories , One of the disaster, and again before loading the line, then let us bury the grief of all good, clean up all the ruins, was once their homes on the land, rebuild our homes, to live boldly, to live On a good living. 2008年5月12日，让我们所有中华儿女永远记住这一天吧，我们的“国难日”，中华民族的历史本上，铭刻了太多的灾难，但这永远也难掩我们民族的辉煌，一次次的灾难，一次次的负重前行，那么就让我们掩埋好所有的悲痛，清理干净所有的废墟，在曾经是家园的土地上，重建我们的家园，勇敢地活下去，能活，就好好活。 汶川地震感想作文 5 Broken heart, tend to bee very fragile, post-disaster reconstruction, the firm has bee particularly important, three minutes after we wiped away tears, we can not Zaiku, to bravely live, because their relatives in heaven We watched, Tongbuyusheng, sad to tactic is not their wish to see, good to live in, they are to our expectations, think about this, it has the ruins to life for the life of the mother, "Dear Baby, if Can you live, to keep in mind that mother love you "; think that in order to save the expense of four children and teachers, we go to these family members, in their own lives to give us an opportunity to a live, To them, we have to live better. 破碎的心，往往会变得相当脆弱，灾后重建，坚强就变得尤其重要，三分钟过后，我们要擦干眼泪，我们不能再哭，要勇敢地活下去，因为亲人会在天堂看着我们，痛不欲生、伤心欲诀不是他们想看到的，好地地活下去，是他们对我们的期望，想一想，那废墟中以已命换子命的母亲，“亲爱的宝贝，如果你能活下去，要记住，妈妈爱你”；想一想那为了救四个孩子而牺牲了的老师，我们的走了的这些亲人，用自己的生命给我们争来了活的机会，为了他们，我们也要活的更好。 汶川地震感想作文 4 The deceased have to, toward the heaven, where there will be no more disasters, there will be no more tears, but for those who survived the disaster in the patriots, alive to bee a challenge, let them in an instant disaster Separated from the experience of life and death, the mother and son have deep moods, once the hu *** and and wife loved each other, but now they had to be parting, the o separated, disaster, not only their physical destruction, destruction of their soul, flesh wounds over time slowly healing, can be the soul of grief, but not so far recovered pie

随便写一点啊，不一定能到三分钟。完全手打的……China has a large population, so there are many different dialects all over the country. Some of them are so distinct that some linguistists treat them as different languages. It is common that people from different provinces cannot communicate by using their own dialects. Usually in these cases people will try to use mandarin.Mandarin is the most vastly spreaded dialect in China, and here it has a much broader meaning than the "Beijing dialect" or Putonghua. It is spoken in all the areas to the north of Changjiang river, and even somewhere to the south, like the southwestern provinces of China as Sichuan.Another famous dialect is Cantonese, which is quite popular abroad. In China is mainly spoken in Hong Kong and Guangdong province. It has more ancient features and more difficult to learn.Taiwanese is spoken in South Fujian and Taiwan, and also in some places of southeast Asia. It is quite different from Mandarin and Cantonese.Hakka is widely distributed all over the world. It is also spoken by the people in south China, like Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces.There are also many other dialects, but not so famous as these four above. The Wu dialect is in Shanghai and nearby areas, Xiang dialect is in Hunan. The Mandarin could also be divided into about 7 sub-dialects, so we can see that the classification of languages and dialects in China is very complicated.

A Good Day in My Life Last Saturday we Class 1 went to the East Lake for the spring outing.We did have a good day. On Friday the whole class went to the supermarket to buy the food and drinks.On Saturday morning we gathered at the school gate. Then we took the bus to the East Lake.The air there was fresh.Trees were standing along the road on both sides.Breeze made us feel relaxed.After enjoying the beautiful view of the lake,we began the picnic.We spreaded the tablecloth and shared our food.We played games and laughed a lot.The pressure of study was released and we had much fun. That"s a good day in my life.

One honest young man lived with his mother in the forest. He was a logger. One day, He went to forest for bring woods with his an old axe. He worked hard. Suddenly when he were cutting a tree, his axe sank in a pot. He started to cry in front of the pot. Then a mountain god appeared in front of him. A mountain god asked "Why are you crying?" A young man answered "I lost my axe in the pot." The mountain god said "I am going to find it for you." The god brought a gold axe and then he asked "Is it your axe?" The young man answered "No, It isn`t mine." then the god showed him a silver axe. He said "That`s not mine too." The god showed his an old axe and He said "Yes, It is mine!!" The god impressed of his honest mind so the god gave a gold axe, a silver axe and his axe all to him. The story spreaded a villiage. As soon as a greedy man heard this story he went to the mountain, and he sank his axe in the pot on purpose. And he started crying. The god appeared in front of a greedy man. And the god asked "Why are you crying?" The greedy man answered " I lost my axe in the pot." Then the god brought a gold axe from the pot and asked "Is it your axe?" The greedy man answered "Yes, yes It is my axe." the god got angry because of his lie. So the god came back to the pot with a gold axe. The greedy man even didn`t get a gold axe and besides lost his axe.

I1. sailing2. agricultural3. adult4. attracts5. products6. designer7. mountainous8. lost his head9. coast10. castles11. covered12. spread13. enables14. withoutII1. with2. for3. of4. without5. with6. from7. with8. to, of9. for10. for11. of12. from13. like14. with15. for

1, I am very lucky, when I was young just learned many different skills.2,The value of around $50 million in the picture, can not be directly exposed to the sun.3, My son write his first poem, I knew him very talented.4, Because of the flu spread in the community, she has warm winter clothes will himself up, prevent infectious disease.5 And the defendant denied that he had to pay for the contract government officials.6, I was surprised to see, when his wife revealed a family secret, he slapped her.7 And he said he had a secret papers about the war, which the people here every astonished. Then he spluttered a penny opened bag and began to read.8 And when he gradually gaining confidence, he"s tone of natural, speaks will naturally blurt out.

HeBao egg

I am sorry to know the big earthquake took place in your hometown. Maybe many people aroud you lost their lives in the earthquake.But please do not be afraid. You are not lonely. We will be with you for ever. Let is cheer up! To be brave to face all kinds of difficulties. Learn to forget these sad things. Study hard from now on and try your best to make much progress in your study and life. And we are sure that our future will be more beautiful

1. they are trying the new method2. he often takes advantage of her good nature to borrow money from her3. he has a gift in learing language4. there is always the way to city being blocked5. the bell rang once he finished the test paper6. his interesting in computer started to decline7. the disease had spreaded all over the village

helpsubwaywisetogiveuptwentyminutesealierthaneverdosuchastupidmistakeagainspreadfastersherealizedwhatshewantedinsilencebychance.

May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,itis in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchan county Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can"t describle the scene what we saw with any words.thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake! What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there ! But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan ! With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future ! 5月12日是一个普通的一天在2008年,在这一天令人震惊的地震发生在中国四川。这次地震摧毁了一切近在汶川县四川省.这是糟糕的.我们不能用任何词语去描述我们所看到的场景.数以千计的人受伤，甚至死亡。和成千上万失去了父亲或母亲的儿童成为这倒霉的,他们渴望有家庭继续他们的生命，我是同情他们的命运！但我相信我们可以打击的命运和改变它。举例来说，有许多人在地震期间保持的生活没有食物或水约100个小时.这是多么令人难以置信的事！他们的伟大精神，显示了强大的生命活力，人类！然而，他们必须继续战斗反对死刑，很多学校被摧毁，当时有很多学生和教师谁永远离开了我们。悲伤,绝望和不同种的危险在这里和那里分散.不过，幸运的是，爱是在我们身边：共产党帮助我们，军队帮助我们，全世界的人都帮助我们，他们为我们提供了用金钱，货物，爱等东西！举例来说，李莲姬，热情好客的人，为我们提供了与2000.0万元！借助该这么大的爱，我们会度过地震的损害和面对我们的美好未来！

SPCA, In 1866 ,April ,the statesman Herny Bergh , who is the founder of the American society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals --SPEC supported by people coming from the bussiness and politics . the reason why initiated this career is that many of animals are treated so cruelly and inhumane,which stmulates his determination to a messenger of these tortured animals At present ,many institutions like the SPEC have beening founded for protecting the tortured and casted animals particulary around the America . the staff who work for the institutions are resposible for the save and custody of the hurted animals .In the SPEC , the animals are claned and fed by the staff . if there are some animals that behave themselves well and keep heathy ,they will be adopted by people .Now , the SPEC has spreaded around the world , ther are many relevent institutions hsa been organized . for instance , the Hong Kong society for the prevention of cruelty to Animals .

1，give out2,dress up 3,spread ,around4,at the beginning of

您好，领学网为您解答：民间流传的说法：apopularsaying重点词汇流传spread;circulate;handdown;passcurrent[on];buzz说法statement;version;parlance;wayofsayingathing;wording望采纳！

51.while-when52.对53.form-forms54. china-China55.for去掉56.对57.dangerless-dangerous（意思反了）58.played-playing59.During the 19th century ∧ revived ____it__________ 60.spreaded-spread （过去式是原形）61become so popular （so ~~~that 句型）62. on it ∧ watched on TV in ____is__________ 63.对64.the-a65.American-America66.as--so67.are去掉68.but-and69.对70.the去掉

1 include意为"包括"，指包括同类事物。如:The cost includes postage charges.[花费包括了邮费。] contain意为"包含，容纳"，指包含不同类的事物。 如:The car contains five passengers.[这辆车可容纳(坐)五个人。] THe album contains many interesting songs.[这张专辑包含了很多首有趣的歌。] 2.see sb do sth看见某人做过某事; see sb doing sth看见没人正在做某事; sb be seen doing sth某人被看见正在做某事; sb be seen to do /to have done sth(不常用have done 这个)某人被看见做过某事3.spread的过去式和过去分词都是spread。

koreaisacountryofasia.thelocationliestothesouthofkoreapeninsulaandisspreadedbymanyplains,hillsandmountains.koreaistypicalexport-orientedeconomy.becauseofthecountrythatlackofnaturalresourcesandisveysmall,itwillhavenotpotential.theuscurrencysufferedheftylossesagainstotherasiancurrencies,notablythesouthkoreanwonandthetaiwandollar.koreaisatraditionalagricultrualcountryinthepast.anditprimarilyimportagricultrualproducts.butnow,industryismoreimportantthanagricultureinthiscountry.therearemorethanahalfofpopulationhavereligion.someembracebuddhism,someareprotestant,someareromanistandsoon.alotofpeoplewouldliketodoplasticsurgery.mostofthemhaveinterestingface,becausetheyareveryresembleaftertheplasticsurgery.(英语水平不佳，写得十分艰辛啊，希望能帮得上你的忙)

怎么呢么多copy的啊

"Targets"

是动词，用了过去分词表示被动

1.secretly 2.desires 3.honor 4.injured 5.reality 6.imitated 7.developed 8.delivering 9.spread 10. infectional 11.creates 12.nearly

老师对。如果句子把because of改成by就可以用你的答案

测量指标的英文翻译是;Measurement index，见下图翻译

你说的这几所学校的英语专业一般分为英语专业（综合）、师范类英语、商务英语三大类。如果你想从事外贸工作，报考商务英语专业比较好。如果你想当老师，或者进入培训机构工作，那么师范类英语是不错的选择。如果你对英语感兴趣，暂时还没有考虑好细分方向，学习英语专业也很好。学习英语的人非常多，但是能把英语真正学好的人非常好。其实也不必纠结于具体专业，毕业后转行的也很多。比如本来学的是师范类英语，毕业后去外贸公司上班。关键是要把英语学习好。

我是中国人英语：I am Chinese英文是西日耳曼语的一种语言，最早是在中世纪早期的英格兰使用的，该语言最终成为21世纪国际话语的主要语言。它以Angles的名字命名，Angles是古老的日耳曼人民之一，后来移居到大不列颠地区，后来以他们的名字英格兰命名。这两个名字都源于波罗的海半岛的安格利亚（Anglia）。英语与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语最相关，但其词汇已受到链基其他日耳曼棚仿谨语语言（尤其是北挪威语（北挪威语））以及拉丁语和法语的很大影响。英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语（Ingvaeonic）方言，被统称为古英语。中古英语始于11世纪末，诺曼征服英格兰; 在这个时期，英语受古法语的影响，尤其是通过古诺曼方言的影响。早期现代英语始于15世纪后期引进的的印刷机到伦敦，詹姆斯国王圣经的印刷和大元音转变的大庆开始。自17世纪以来，现代英语在大英帝国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过这些国家的各种印刷和电子媒体，英语已成为许多地区和专业领域（例如科学，导航和法律）中国际话语和通用语言的主要语言。现代英语语法是逐渐变化的结果，这种变化是从具有丰富的词尾形态和相对自由的词序的典型的印欧语相关标记模式转变为大部分 几乎没有变化的解析模式，相当固定的主语-动词-宾语词序和复杂的语法。现代英语更多地依赖于辅助动词和词序来表达复杂的时态，方面和语气，以及被动语态，疑问句和否定语。

有。北京交通大学威海校区是合资办学，引进国外教学理念，采取英文原版教材，对英语是有要求的，需要符合录取分数要求，完成学业考试合格，颁发交大毕业证、学位证和国外学位证书。

关注"美式英语脱口秀"，回复关键字"背单词"，教你四种背英语单词方法

你和我一样的，我14，快15了，刚来美国，准备上9年级！！！我和你有同样的烦恼啊，怎么办？？？

Cambridge First Certificate in English(第一英语证书)它是剑桥英语五级证书考试中的第三级，属独立水平，缩略为FCE。剑桥英语五级证书考试剑桥英语五级证书考试（剑桥大学考试委员会称之为主体系列考试，Main Suite Examinations，缩略为MSE），该证书由于其考试的科学性、稳定性、权威性，在世界各国获得承认，被用于入学、就业等各种用途。考试简介剑桥英语五级证书考试是英国剑桥大学考试委员会根据欧洲委员会制定的语言教学大纲设计的英语作为外国语的五级系列考试。教育部考试中心和英国剑桥大学考试委员会合作，于1996年引进英语入门考试（key English Test）和初级英语考试（Preliminary English Test）,于1999年引进第一英语证书考试（First Certificate in English）。这三项考试分别是五级证书考试中的第一、第二和第三级。该系列考试是一种对考生的英语听、说、读、写能力进行考察的水平考试。对成绩及格者提供由英国剑桥大学考试委员会颁发的成绩合格证书。英国剑桥大学考试委员会在全世界135个国家设有考点，每年参加MSE考试的人数达三十多万。分级概况五级证书考试（MSE）共分为五个级别：第一级，入门水平：英语入门考试（key English Test, 缩略为KET）；第二级，初级水平：初级英语考试（Preliminary English Test，缩略为PET）；第三级，独立水平：第一英语证书考试（First Certificate in English，缩略为FCE）；第四级，流利运用：高级英语证书考试（Certificate in Advanced English，缩略为CAE）；第五级,熟练运用：熟练英语证书考试（Certificate of Proficiency in English， 缩略为CPE）。权威性由欧共体国家提供语言考试的机构组成的欧洲语言测试者协会（ALTE）是旨在统一考试标准，促进考试证书在国际间的相互认可的联合组织，剑桥大学考试委员会是其成员之一。该机构为语言测试的各个环节包括命题、考试管理、定级、评分及考试分析等建立统一实施标准。ALTE把剑桥英语五级证书设定为入门、初级、独立运用、流利运用和熟练运用五个级别水平。同时，ALTE的二十几个其它成员国家都有与英语MSE同等水平的语言五级证书考试。因此，无论何种语言的五级证书都能在ALTE成员国获得承认，并能很清楚地确认证书持有者的语言水平，在佣工、入学等方面将五级证书作为语言的衡量标准。在此意义上讲，英国，英联邦国家，欧洲各国都承认MSE的语言水平标准。 KETKET是一种自成体系的水平考试，代表使用英语应达到的最基本的要求。即考生通过200小时的学习，具备到讲英语的国家旅游，在国内外用英语应付一般日常会话的能力。对于在国内参加了由剑桥大学考试委员会设计的剑桥少儿英语考试（Cambridge Young Learners English Tests）一、二、三级的考生，KET是进入更高一级、成人阶段的考试。对希望将来参加剑桥二级水平考试即初级英语考试（PET）的考生来说，这是第一步。初级英语考试（PET）PET是一种自成体系的水平考试。应考者通过380小时的学习，应具备在国内外用英语处理日常事务以及用英语与母语是英语和非英语的人士进行交往的能力。该考试也是为希望将来参加剑桥更高一级水平考试的考生打下的必要基础。FCEFCE是剑桥英语五级证书考试的第三级，是比较重要的剑桥考试项目之一。它要求考生具备独立运用语言的能力，包括掌握足够的词汇量，具有组织基本语言并在不同的社交场合进行适当交流的能力。考试通过者通常能够在多种办公环境下的文秘和管理领域有效运用英语。FCE考试作为公共联络和从事办公室工作的有效能力测试手段，被国外商务和工业等用人部门广泛认可。FCE是各种剑桥英语考试中投考人数最多的，每年全世界考生超过25万人。同时，作为中级语言能力水平的证明，FCE在欧洲被广泛用来作为非英语国家留学生申请入学时语言能力的证明。考试内容考试分两个阶段进行。第一阶段为阅读、写作、听力；第二阶段为口试。KET：阅读与写作70－80分钟，听力20分钟，口试约8分钟。PET：阅读与写作90分钟，听力30分钟，口试约10-12分钟。FCE：阅读75分钟，写作90分钟，语言应用75分钟，听力约40分钟，口试约14分钟。CAE：阅读1小时15分钟，写作2小时，语言应用1小时30分钟，听力（约）45分钟，口试（约）15分钟。证书颁发成绩包括笔试与口试两部分，各占分数80%与20%。口试成绩由口试考官(一组两人,一位为考官,另一位为评分员)从语音、词汇、表达、组织、发音、交际几个方面评出。口试评分卡与笔试答题卡由各考点收齐后寄教育部考试中心海外考试处，海外考试处汇集后寄英国剑桥大学考试委员会，该委员会召集专家评卷,笔试与口试成绩汇总,评出总成绩。KET、PET有4个成绩等级（优良：Pass with Merit, 通过：Pass, 接近通过： Narrow Fail，不及格： Fail）。FCE有5个成绩等级（优：A，良：B，通过：C，接近通过：D，不及格：E，U）。剑桥大学考试委员会印发成绩通知单，同时印发获得通过等级的成绩证书。成绩通知单与成绩证书经中国教育部考试中心转寄各考点向考生颁发。成绩证书终生有效。证书认可在英国，所有大学都认可MSE的第三、第四、第五级证书为参加学位课程学习的语言能力证明。第三级（FCE）在英国一般被认可为专科学习必需的语言成绩，少数本科也认可，甚至研究生和MBA（见附录三）。第四（CAE）、第五级（CPE）在英国所有院校都被认可为本科学习必需的语言成绩，当然也包括研究生学习，与国际英语语言测试体系（IELTS）的成绩相互对应（见附录四）。欧洲及英联邦国家用英语授课的院校也都认可。

薄冰英语语法，用来学习语法不错，比较经典

日本引进英语之后几十年内，因为英语可以用谐音的假名念，加上一部分日语就是英语转化来的，日本人讲英语就变得世界最差了

不是tappasaki 是 teppanyaki

make ones way 前往； 例句：Ill make my way home now. 我现在要回家了。 扩展资料 　　英语（英文：English）是一种西日耳曼语，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的.影响，尤其是北欧语（北日耳曼语），并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。 　　英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语（Ingvaeonic）方言，被统称为古英语。中古英语始于11世纪末，诺曼征服英格兰；这是该语言受到法语影响的时期。早期现代英语始于15世纪后期引进的的印刷机到伦敦，在印刷国王詹姆斯圣经和开始元音大推移。 　　自17世纪以来，现代英语在英国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过各类这些国家的印刷和电子媒体，英语已成为国际主导语言之一，在许多地区和专业的环境下的语言也有主导地位，例如科学、导航和法律。 　　英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言，但母语者数量是世界第三，仅次于汉语、西班牙语。它是学习最广泛的第二语言，是近60个主权国家的官方语言或官方语言之一。与英语为母语的人相比，将其作为第二语言学习的人更多。它是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家的母语，在加勒比海、非洲和南亚被广泛使用。它是联合国、欧洲联盟以及许多其他世界和区域国际组织的官方语言之一。

还是自己翻译吧，太长了文化有限。英语是一种西日耳曼语，在中世纪早期的英国最早被使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的影响，尤其是北欧语（北日耳曼语），并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语（Ingvaeonic）方言，被统称为古英语。中古英语始于11世纪末，诺曼征服英格兰；这是该语言受到法语影响的时期。早期现代英语始于15世纪后期引进的的印刷机到伦敦，在印刷国王詹姆斯圣经和开始元音大推移。自17世纪以来，现代英语在英国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过各类这些国家的印刷和电子媒体，英语已成为国际主导语言之一。在许多地区和专业的环境下的语言也有主导地位，例如科学、导航和法律。英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言且母语者数量是世界第三，仅次于汉语、西班牙语。它是学习最广泛的第二语言，是近60个主权国家的官方语言或官方语言之一。与英语为母语的人相比，将其作为第二语言学习的人更多。它是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家的母语，在加勒比海、非洲和南亚被广泛使用。它是联合国、欧洲联盟以及许多其他世界和区域国际组织的官方语言之一。

我觉得剑桥英语语法好，你可以去查一下

1.提升英语学习兴趣初中学生对英语学习的态度已经开始分化，有的学生对英语单词的识记和英语句型的背诵开始产生排斥情绪，有的学生对英语毫无感情，唯一的兴趣点便是英语老师课堂教学的一些技巧。面对这种状况，教师不妨引进英语经典名著，用英语经典故事激发学生学习英语的兴趣。英语经典故事是最真实的英语语言环境，学生在阅读时可以沉浸在轻松愉快的氛围中，与作者进行心灵对话，进行情感互动。而且学生如果能读懂故事情节，也是对自己阅读能力的肯定，从而产生自我效能感，以更强的自信投入阅读中。阅读经典，可以让学生感受真正意义上的英语语言环境，有利学生英语口语的学习和语法思维的形成。2.促进世界观的形成初中学生正值青春叛逆期，对教师和家长的说教总是持有怀疑态度，而经典名著对学生将产生的影响，名著中的正能量可以有效刺激学生，为学生树立正面榜样。让学生接触经典名著的途径很多，如直接阅读、观看电影、在英语角中讨论经典名著等，或者跟老师精读，都可以帮学生对作品进行理解。充分运用经典名著的感染力，可以帮助学生形成正确的世界观和价值观，开阔学生视野，丰富学生知识。尤其是在电影中，学生对场景有更加直观的感知。影片中人物的对白是学生学习口语的最佳途径，学生从原汁原味的英语对白中模仿出真实的语气语调，有利于培养学生的语感。3.提高阅读写作能力英语阅读写作能力的提高需要学生掌握更多的词汇，阅读经典名著则可以不断增加积累语言知识。初中生在阅读经典名著开始时可能会有一定的难度，可以筛选出英汉双语版，这样学生在英汉对照阅读时可以猜测出单词的意思，减少阅读障碍，经典名著有很多的场景描写，对于喜欢了解故事情节的初中生来说显得枯燥一些，这就需要老师给予正确的引导。阅读名著不要贪多贪快，要对文中的描写进行揣摩赏析，甚至要摘抄背诵。经典名著语言灵活，句型多变，蕴含着更加丰富的语法内容。学生经过一段时间的阅读可以积累丰富的语言特点，经过自身的加工整合，在写作时可以随时迁移，提高英语写作能力。

从近代历史上可以知道，英美资本主义国家到处侵略扩张，把它们的文化也渗透了。

认真听吧

公元1066年，割据法兰西王国西北部的诺曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格兰王国，成为英格兰国王，所有的英国贵族也都换成法国人，并且和法国本土的贵族通婚。诺曼征服的三百余年间，英格兰王国的君主与贵族都讲法语，教士们则习用拉丁语，中古英语。1500年左右，中古英语演变成为近代英语。公元1-5世纪大不列颠岛东南部为罗马帝国所统治。罗马人撤走之后，欧洲北部斯堪的纳维亚半岛的盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵并定居，7世纪开始形成封建制度，九世纪末，入侵者几乎占领了整个英国的东南部。1066年，法国诺曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格兰王国，在威斯敏斯特修道院登基加冕，史称征服者威廉，所有的英国贵族也都换成法国人。诺曼征服后三百年内，英格兰王国的君主与贵族使用法语，教士们则习用古拉丁语，古英语沦落为平民以及农奴的语言。因重要场合及贵族的使用，法语强烈影响古英语，古英语也因当时地位相对下贱，缺乏对文法规范的重视和约束，迅速大量丢失早期复杂的曲折变化，进而发展形成中古英语。1500年左右的元音大推移将中古英语变形为近代英语。古英语最著名的文学作品是《贝奥武夫》，中古英语则是《坎特伯里故事集》。扩展资料：英语的地理分布：1、英语在下列国家和地区是第一语言：英国、美国、澳大利亚、巴哈马、爱尔兰、巴巴多斯、百慕大、圭亚那、牙买加、新西兰、圣基茨和尼维斯和特立尼达和多巴哥。21世纪世界上把英语作为第一语言（本族语）的人口约有5亿。2、英语在下列国家和地区中是通用语言，这些国家和地区包括加拿大、多米尼克、圣路西亚和圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、密克罗尼西亚联邦、爱尔兰（连同爱尔兰语）、利比里亚（连同非洲语言）和南非。作为第二语言（即不是母语，但为所在国通用语）使用的人口约有10亿。3、英语是下列国家和地区的官方语言，但不是本地语言和通用语言：斐济、加纳、冈比亚、印度、基里巴斯、莱索托、肯尼亚、纳米比亚、尼日利亚、马耳他、马绍尔群岛、巴基斯坦、巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾、所罗门群岛、萨摩亚群岛、塞拉利昂、斯威士兰、博茨瓦纳、坦桑尼亚、赞比亚和津巴布韦。参考资料来源：百度百科—英语

小故事总是用简短的故事带给我们不一样的体会。而英文小故事，正好让我们在学习英文的同时，领略哲学的生活。让我们一同走进这个由字母组成的故事中吧，让这些故事，为我们带来感悟，也为我们带来欢声笑语。1、小学生英语小故事——AGoodBoyLittleRobertaskedhismotherfortwocents.“WhatdidyoudowiththemoneyIgaveyouyesterday?”Igaveittoapooroldwoman,”heanswered.Youreagoodboy,”saidthemotherproudly.“Herearetwocentsmore.Butwhyareyousointerestedintheoldwoman?”Sheistheonewhosellsthecandy.”小罗伯特向妈妈要两分钱。“昨天给你的钱干什么了？”“我给了一个可怜的老太婆，”他回答说。“你真是个好孩子，”妈妈骄傲地说。“再给你两分钱。可你为什么对那位老太太那么感兴趣呢？”“她是个卖糖果的。”2、小学生英语小故事——TheHippoandIAhippolivesinthezoo.Ilikehimverymuch.Ioftengotoseehim.Heoftenthinksofme,too.TodayisSunday.Itisfinetoday.Igotoseehimagain.AfterIleavethezoo,hefollowsmetomyhouse.Igivehimlettuce,cabbages,bananas,applesandotherfood.Heeatsthemup.WhenIsingsongs,hestaysinthepool.Heisasquietasarabbit.Intheevening,hejumpsontomybedwithme.Mymumtellshimtogohome.Hehastopackhisbagandgobacktothezoo.Mymumletsmeseehimeveryweek.河马住在动物园里，我很喜欢他。他经常去看它，他也经常想我。今天是星期日，是个好天气，我又一次去看望它。在我离开动物园之后，他跟随到我的家。我给他莴苣、生菜、香蕉、苹果和其他食物。他都吃了。当我唱歌是，它待在水池里，像兔子一样安静。晚上，他跳到床上同我睡觉在一起睡。妈妈要它回家。它不得不背起包回到动物园。妈妈允许我每周去看它。3、小学生英语小故事——LookforaFriendSamisalittlefish.Helivesinthesea.Heisverylonely.Hewantstohaveafriend.Thefriendlookslikehim.Samseesaninkfish.Theinkfishhaseightlegs.HedoesntlooklikeSam.SoSamgoesaway.Sammeetsashark.Hewantstosayhellototheshark.Thesharkopenshisbigmouth.Samrunsawayquickly.Samistiredandhungry.Hewantstohavearest.Thenheseesaroundfish.Shesaystohim.“Hello!Wouldyouliketobemyfriend?”Samanswers:“Ofcourse!Butyouareround.Iamflat.”Theroundfishsays:“Butwearebothfishes.Samthinksandsays,”Youareright.Letsbefriends.“Theybecomegoodfriends.塞姆是一条小鱼，他在海里。他生在海里。他很孤独，想要找一个朋友，那个朋友看起来要想他。塞姆看见一条墨鱼。墨鱼有8条腿，看上去不像塞姆。因此塞姆游走了。塞姆遇见一条鲨鱼。他想跟鲨鱼问好。鲨鱼张开大嘴，塞姆有迅速地逃走了。塞姆又累又饿，他要休息一会儿。这时他看见一条圆鱼，圆鱼对他说：”你好！你愿意做我的朋友吗？“塞姆回答：”好哇！可你是圆形的，我是扁的。“圆鱼说：”但是我们俩都是鱼啊！“塞姆思考后说：”你讲得对，让我们做朋友吧。“他们就成为好朋友了。4、小学生英语小故事——TwoLittleMonkeysThemonkeymotherhastwolittlemonkeys.Shelikestheyounger,nottheother.Oneday,theywereplayinginaforestwhenawolfcamerunningatthem.Themonkeyranawaywiththeyoungermonkeyinahurryandlefttheolderalone.Sheclimbedupatreeandheldtheyoungerinherarms.Aftersometime,thewolfwentawayslowly.Themonkeytookthebabyoutofherarms.Shewassurprisedtoseethatthebabyhaddied,forthebabywasheldinarmstoohighly.Verylongtimelater,sherememberedtolookfortheolderbaby.Theolderbabywashidinginawood.Sohesavedhimself.猴妈妈生了两个猴子。她喜欢小猴子而不喜欢大的。一天，他们正在森林里玩的时候，一只狼来了并向他们扑去。猴子匆忙带着小猴子跑了，单独留下打猴子。她跑着小猴子爬到树上。过些时候，狼慢慢地离开了。母猴从他的怀里放下小猴子。她吃惊的发现猴宝宝已经死了，因为小猴子在她的怀里被搂地太紧了。过了很长时间，她才想起去寻找那只大猴子。大猴子藏在一个大洞里，他救了自己。

　　科技英语翻译题，由于科技的用词可能太过晦涩大家会觉得难，但是久了也就发现其实很简单的。下面是我给大家整理的科技英语翻译技巧，供大家参阅! 　　科技英语翻译技巧 　　科技英语诞生于20世纪50年代,是第二次世界大战后科学技术迅猛发展的产物,它具有客观,准确,严密的特点.近年来,随着科技信息的大量引进,科技英语的翻译已成为翻译领域的一个重要组成部分.而要真正做好简明,正确,恰当的科技英语翻译工作,则非易事,并非像有些人所认为的,科技翻译比较单纯,它必须要掌握一定的翻译技巧.笔者试从以下四个方面分析一下科技英语的翻译技1-5.1.领会科技英语的翻译准则科技英语主要是述说实理,描写现象,推导公式,论证规律,其特点是结构严谨,逻辑严密,行文规范,用词准确,技术术语正确.针对科技英语的这些特点,在翻译科技英语时,首先考虑的就是忠实原文,着名翻译家严复一直倡导"信,达,雅","信"即"忠实",要完整地,准确地表达原作的思想内容,这是科技英语翻译的首要要求:其次要讲究的就是"达",即通顺.着名学者傅雷先生曾指出:理想的译文仿佛是原作者的中文写作.海外学者钱歌川先生也指出,科技英语的翻译虽不像小说那样要求雅致优美,姿态横生,也不像翻译诗歌那样要求抑扬顿挫,押韵合辙,但要求至少文从宇顺,明白流畅.所以,在翻译科技英语时首先要坚持忠实,通顺,客观,严谨的准则,力求精炼,决不可卖弄文字,炫耀才华,随意堆砌华丽的词藻.例如:.(热空气上升.)只能这样翻译,一个宇也不能多.从文学修辞角度来说,译成"炽热空气上升"似乎音调上比较好听,而且符合中文四六骈体的传统,但却破坏了科技英语翻译的风格与规则.2.正确理解原文在坚持了准则之后,接下来就是要正确理解原文.实践证明,翻译之成败,理解是关键.作为翻译的第一步,就要进入原文,吃透原文."全文精神,融会于心"(严复语).翻译时要超越与原作者在时间和空间上的距离,力求与原作者达到心灵相通.要弄清每个词语,每个词组,每个单句以及整篇文章的确切含义和所属范畴,也要弄清每一句话的结构,逻辑,重点,与上下文的关系,即弄清原作者所表达的全部精神实质,只有正确理解原意,才能准确通顺地进行表达.例如,有份资料的题目是:"———1"短短的几十个字符呈,就有两个必须弄清楚的问题.第一,""是什么?许多词典都未收录此词,不过,我们用构词法就会发现,它是由一个双元音和一个单元音组成的双音节词,即和两部分.从副标题可以看出:是一种轴承材料,由往往就会想到(尼龙),从而可以译为"油尼龙";另一个问题是""中的""是何成份与意义?当然,我们可以判断出,它们应该用以修饰"轴承材料"这个名词,可是""是动词原型,怎么会起形容词作用收稿日期:2004—03—28作者简介:沈声松(1964一),男,安徽无为人,中国石化安庆石化总厂外事办公室翻译.?102?&;铜陵学院学报)2004年第2期呢?在这种情况下,只有去正确理解原文,才能得到准确含义.原文在列举了油尼龙的优点之后,以黑体字印出:"",亦即"装上就可以忘掉它":这样通过对上下文的理解,整个标题应译为:"尼拉卡斯特油尼龙——一种装上去就不用管的轴承材料."由此可见,正确理解原文是何等重要.正确理解原文要注意以下几点: 　　(1)领略全文大意,辨认具体词义.任何一篇科技文献都是一个有机的整体,都有它的所属范畴,译前应通读全文,领略原文大意,进行宏观分析.如果一开始就把注意力集中在一词一句的推敲分析上,那就像一个人钻进了森林一样,只看见一棵棵树,而看不见森林全貌,在这种情况下,就着--翻译,必然会事倍功半,甚至满纸荒.唐. 　　(2)正确理解原文的科技内容.科技英语翻译,必须认识到科技英语的特殊性,它与文学作品不同,前者着重于逻辑性,准确性和严密性,后者则着重于思想性和艺术性.因此,在翻译科技英语时,必须充分注意从原文所包含的技术内容--理解.不懂原文的科技内容就很难正确地理解原文,也不可能把原文的科技内容准确翻译过来.例如:,,,,?如果不熟悉环氧树脂的性能,则很可能译为:"环氧树脂熟化时有良好的粘合性能,发生粘合反应不逸散挥发物,甚至经常不需加热或加压."较确切的译文应是:"环氧树脂在熟化过程中有良好的粘合性能,在反应过程中不释出挥发物,经常甚至不发热或产生压力."(3)理解原文的逻辑关系.从语言和专业角度理解原文的同时,还要理解句子内部以及句子之间的逻辑关系."在对原文的理解过程中,单纯性限于语言现象的理解往往不能解决所有问题,还必须透过原文的文字准确弄清作者所阐明的事理和事物间的逻辑关系.苏联语言学家巴尔胡达罗夫在所着&;语言与翻译》中指出,在翻译实践中存在着"非语言成份",就是指翻译中遇到的有些问题,超出了语言学范围,实际上,在科技英语的翻译中不少问题都要靠逻辑判断和事理分析才能搞清.例如:",,,."句子的第二个""的先行词是哪个,是""的三个并列宾语,还是只说明其中一个?语法分析已无能为力.根据常识进行逻辑推理,这个""只能说明"".所以,正确译文应是:"北美洲生长着二十种野玫瑰,它们都有多刺的茎,羽状的叶片和芳香四溢的大花朵."理解原作的事理和逻辑关系时,必须仔细推敲,反复斟酌,根据自己的生活体验和客观道理来验证自己的理解是否合乎道理,有无漏洞.再如:"".,"".如果译成:"功率最大的旅行电话是在船上使用的.这里没有重量问题,像在飞机上那样",则大错特错.从原文字面上看,似乎并无大错,但从逻辑客观道理上就违背了事理,船舶对重量的要求不像飞机那样严格,只是常识.正确译文应是:"船舶上使用功率最大的旅行电话.因为这里不像飞机上那样存在着重量问题."3.词义的选择与确定词义理解和选择,要结合上下文和语言环境,凭借事理和逻辑关系甚至还要考虑原 　　科技英语翻译的5种常用翻译技巧 　　1 顺译法：(Synchronizing) 　　有些英语长句所叙述的事物基本上是按照时间或逻辑的顺序安排的。这与汉语表达的方法基本一致，因此翻译一般可以按照原文顺序译出。例如： 　　1(1) For these forms of pollution as for all the others, (2) the destructive chain of cause and effect goes back to a prime cause: (3) too many cars, too many factories, more and more trials left by supersonic jutes, inadequate methods for disinfecting sewers, too little water, too much carbon monoxide. 　　这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语和一个同位语组成的。主句是(2) 破坏的因果关系链可归根于一个主要原因，也是全句的中心内容。主句前的(1)是方式状语，(3)是主句的同位语。 　　原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致，因此可以按照原文的顺序翻译。 译文：这些形式的污染象所有其他形式的污染一样，起破坏性的因果关系链可可归根于一个主要的原因：太多的汽车、工厂、洗涤剂、杀虫剂，越来越多的喷气式飞机留下的尾气，不足的污水消毒处理方法，太少的水源，太多的一氧化碳。 　　2 (1)Fossil fuel emit another 5.2 billion metric tons of CO2 into the air each year, (2) while the burning of tropical forests emits roughly 1.8 billion metric tons of CO2-(3) both contributing to a build up of carbon dioxide (4) that will soon trigger the greenhouse effect. 在这个句子中，主句是(1)，(2)是主句的并列句，(3)是同位语，(4)是定语从句。 　　其结构，表达习惯与汉语一致，因此可以按原文的顺序翻译。 　　译文：另外，矿物燃料每年释放52亿公吨二氧化碳进入大气，同时热带森林的燃烧大约释放出18亿公吨二氧化碳——这两方面都对二氧化碳的集结产生作用，因而会很快引发温室效应。 　　3 Although there is reason to hope that superconductivity may one day be found to exist in some materials at room temperature, for the moment is a phenomenon of the utterly cold. 　　译文：虽然有理由指望有一天可以发现某些材料在室温下会具有超导性，但目前超导性还只是一种极不热门的现象。 　　2 逆译法：(Reversing) 　　有时候英语长句的叙述层次与汉语相反，这时就须从英语原文的后面译起，自上而下，逆着英语原文的顺序翻译。 　　1 (1) There is an equilibrium between the liquid and its vapor, (2) as many molecules being lost from the surface of the liquid and (3) then existing as vapor, (4) as reenter the liquid in a given time. 　　这个句子是由一个主句(1)，定语从句(4)以及两个分次独立结构组成，这个句子分为四层意思(1)液体和固体之间处于平衡状态，是主句，是全句的中心所在;(2)许多分子从液体表面逸出，成为蒸汽;(3)又有同样多的分子重新进入液体;(4)在一定时间内。 　　根据汉语表达习惯，“因”在前面，“果”在后，可逆原文翻译。 　　译文：在一定时间内，许多分子从液体表面逸出，成为蒸汽。又有同样多的分子从新进入液体，因次，在液体和蒸汽之间处于平衡。 　　2 (1) Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact (2) which had already been suspected, (3) there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly miles above the ground 　　分析：(1)是主句，(2)是定语从句，(3)是同位语从句做fact 的同位语。按照汉语表达习惯，用逆译发翻译，更显得自然，流畅。 　　译文：大气中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距地面约30英里高的地方。对此人们早就怀疑，利用火箭加以研究，这一奇异的事实已得到证明。 　　3 On account of the fact that there is always a resistance due to friction whenever one 　　art of a machine moves over another , some work must be done in moving the parts of the machine itself. 　　根据汉语表达习惯，这句话同样用逆译法翻译比较贴切。 　　译文：机器的某个部件在另一个部件上面移动，总会有摩擦而产生阻力，由于这种情况，机器本身的部件运动时就要做一些功。 　　3 分译法：(Divisoion) 　　有时英语长句中主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系不十分密切，翻译时可按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句中的从句或短语化为句子，分开来叙述，将原句化整为零。为使译文通顺连贯，也可以适当加几个连接词。例如： 　　1 The Josephson junction is a thin insulator separating two superconducing 　　materials,i.e., metals that lose all electrical resistance at temperature near zero. 　　译文：约瑟生接点就是分开两种超导体材料的薄绝缘体，超导材料是在接近绝对零度时会失去电阻的金属。 　　2 It is very important that a machine element be made of a material that has properties suitable for the condition of service as it is for the loads and stresses to accurately determined. 　　译文：载荷和应力必须准确的计算出来，机器零件要用性能符合工作条件的材料来制造。这两件事都是非常重要的。 　　4 综合法(Recasting) 　　对那些用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼于篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，有顺有序，有主有次对全句进行综合处理。 　　1.Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, has been chosen, and ever emphssized , so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. 　　这个句子是由一个主句(1)either or 连接的两个并列的 because 状语从句，一个由 so that 引导的状语从句和which 引导的非限制性定语从句及 in which 引导的定语从句所组成。 　　译文：人造材料统称为合成材料，许多人造材料正在替代某些天然材料，这或者是由于 　　天然产品的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者往往是人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此合成材料在应用的领域中将具有极大的用途。 　　2 The issue of the New York Times which hailed the Second International as the authority it which it would adhere and the Third International as a scandal and a betrayal which it would reject used one hundred and fifty-three separate words, phrases, and construction which are listed in the Third International but not in the Second and Third International but not in the Second and nineteen others which are condemned in the Second. 　　分析：这个句子实际上是由四个并列复句所组成，它的中心词就是“New York Times”，中心意思是对the New York Times 形式评论，全句包括六个定语从句，比较复杂。按汉语表达习惯，为使全文通顺、确切，对每个定语从句要分别作为独立句子加以翻译，即采取综合法翻译。 　　译文：有一期《纽约时报》。一面高呼《韦氏(第二版)》是权威性工作，它坚决照办，一面大叫《韦氏(第三版)》是耻辱和背叛，要弃之如敝履。可是，就在该期报纸上有153个单独的词，词组和句法结构，是第二版中没有的，但是，在《韦氏(第三版)》中均有记载，还有19种用法是在《韦氏(第二版)》里受谴责的。 　　在翻译实践中，除了上述翻译原则外，具体到科技英语语篇的翻译中，语篇重构也是常用的一种翻译方法。语篇重构就是对原文的结构和语言进行较大幅度的改动，脱离原句的层次和结构安排，按汉语叙事伦理的习惯重新组合句子，摆脱了原文的语序和句子形式的约束，使译文自然、流畅，更加符合汉语的表达习惯，以期在更深的层次上达到与原文的对等。 　　1. Computer languages may range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood by the particular computer, to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automatically acceptable to a wide range of computers. 　　译文：计算机语言有低级的也有高级的。前者比较烦琐，很接近特定计算机直接能动的语言;后者比较复杂，适用范围广，能自动为多种计算机所接受。 　　2. The law of conservation and transformation of energy is the chief basis of physical, astronomical and chemical reasoning as well as of engineering practice. 　　译文：能量守恒和能量转换定律不仅是工程实践的主要基础，而且也是物理、天文以及化学等方面的主要基础。 　　3. Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with the application of the 　　working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing manu2019s control over his environment, thus leading to the development of new techniques, processes and machines. 　　译文：应用科学则直接涉及应用问题。它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活、应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺和新机器的产生。 　　5、另外，在科技英语长句中，很多都是专业方面的问题，除了上述的几种翻译技巧外，很多词在特定领域有特殊含义和约定俗成的翻译方法。例如： 　　(1)MIDCOM is now using computer aided design to speed up project development. (2) Many standard heating and pumping configurations are available but for every standard unit there are give special designs deeded. (3) For example, the company reports on a recent glass furnace project for China there was a need to fa a special design proposal to Singapore within 24 hours for receiving the technical data of plant and oil. (4)Computer aided design made this possible and another export order was confirmed. 　　译文：(1)现在MIDCOM公司正在应用计算机辅助设计新技术以加快项目的开发。 　　(2)如果不是没一标准设置都需要进行五种专门的设计，那么许多标准加热和吸抽构造型式都可通用。(3)根据该公司透露，最近中国的一个玻璃熔窑项目中，需要在24小时内向新加坡传真发送一接受整套油处理系统设备和燃油的技术数据的特殊建议。(4)由于计算机辅助设计使这一建议成为可能，因此，又一出口的设备定货合同被确认。 　　如果按照字面的意思解释，很可能那个领域的专家都不知道你在说什么。所以一名科技翻译，必须加强语言翻译，要具有多方面的知识和素养。 　　科技英语的翻译技巧以及应遵循的准则 　　关键词：科技英语;被动语态;名词化结构 　　我们科技工作者在工作中经常需要了解国际国内交通发展的状况，借鉴国内外先进的科学技术或进行学术交流，这样不可避免地要翻阅大量的外文书刊和杂志。虽然我们在学习普通英语的基础上掌握了几千个单词的词汇量，但对科技英文书刊的查阅仍有较大的困难。 　　科技英语(English for science and Technology，通常略为EST )，它之所以能同普通英语分道扬镳，形成一门独立的学科，很重要的原因在于它有不同于普通英语的特点，笔者根据自己多年的翻译经验，认为我们要掌握其中的几种技巧。 　　一、首先要拥有一本好的科技词典 　　学习普通英语几年以后，你大约掌握几千个单词的词汇量，这时你就会发现英语拥有极其丰富多彩的词汇，但在科技文章中，又会对大量的专业词汇和术语而头疼。有些词晦涩难懂，大而长，看起来吓人，如posttention(后张拉力)，prefabricate(预制)，意义比较简单，只要查一下词典就行。有些词在文章中起着举足轻重的作用。光凭上下文含义猜测其中的含义是行不通的。另外有许多词比如negotiate这比较常见的是“谈判”的意思，但是当它出现在“negotiate a bad turn”这个词组中，译成“谈判”就不合适，查查词典就知道是“顺利通过”的意思，所以翻译时选择在具体语言环境中最恰当。一本好的科技词典可以成为你的良师益友，为此笔者推荐《英汉道路词典》《汉英科技大词典》两本较好的词典。 　　二、科技英语中大量使用被动语态 　　被动语态在普通英语中是最基本的语法，简单易学。科技英语中大量使用被动语态，不是为了追求文章语言的艺术美，而是为了讲求叙述文章的客观，语言简洁，结构严谨，和普通英语文章有着显著不同，加深读者对所叙述事物的深刻印象，屏弃不必要的东西。例如： 　　1. Most primary highways are built and cared for by state governments. 　　大部分主要的公路都是由联邦政府建造和管理。 　　这里u2026are built and cared for 就是被动语态 　　2. The proportion of the various ingredients which go into concrete , the way it is mixed , and even the water which is used are very important to the finished material. 　　制作混凝土所用的各种配料的比例，搅拌的方法，乃至所用的水，对成品材料来说都是十分重要的。 　　此句有两处是被动语态。 　　三、名词化结构在各类科技文章中的大量使用 　　科技英语，在科技文体中随着科学技术发展形成一种实用正式的文体，它的名词化倾向越来越突出。翻译时可以看出它是由及物动词加-ment , -tion , -sion , -ence等后缀派生的名词。这样的表达可以语言简洁、行文自然、造句灵活、叙述准确、表达客观，符合科技文体的要求。例如： 　　The construction of such bridges has now been realized ;its realization being supported with all the achieuements of modern science . 　　这种桥梁的结构现在已经实现，它的实现是现代科学的伟大成就。 　　这里construction和realization都是名词化结构 　　四、 翻译遵循简洁准确，避免误译的原则 　　英语是一种极富表现力的语言，汉语不仅有其发展的悠久历史，也是蕴含信息量非常丰富的语言，同样非常有利于思维。而且英汉对照翻译的学问很深，当然是“八仙过海，各显神通”。汉语具有概括性强，内涵丰富的特点，在科技文章中尤其体现的明显。我在翻译预应力混凝土这篇文章中“What does reinforced concrete mean for highway?”最初将其译成“钢筋混凝土对公路意味着什么?”后来仔细考虑还是译成“钢筋混凝土的意义”为好。翻译的时候要使译文精练，我们可以把原文中一些功能词或重复词译成较短的单词，更符合我们汉语的习惯。如：The Role and Function of Bituminous 中的The Role and Function只需译成“作用”即可。这点说明为什么大多数英汉对照本书籍必须把英文字体印得很小才能做到和汉语同步。 　　五、在翻译时应注意词义引申 　　翻译时，有时会碰到某些词在词典上找不到适当的词义，如任意硬套或逐词死译，译文则会生硬晦涩，难以确切表达愿意，甚至造成误解。所以，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从其基本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择适当的词来表达。 　　例：The choice of material in construction of bridges is basically between steel or concrete, and main trouble with concrete is that its tensile strength is very small . 　　桥梁建筑材料基本上仍在钢材和混凝土之间选择，而混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度低。 　　六、在翻译时采用增词法和重复法 　　增词法就是在翻译时根据句法上，意义上或修辞上的需要增加一些词，以便能更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。当然，增词不是随意的，而是基于英汉两种语言表达方式的差异，增加原文中虽无其词但内含其意的一些词，以使译文忠信流畅，这种情况在科技英语文献翻译时比较常见。 　　1.根据句法上的需要:由于英汉两种语言表达方式存在差别，在英语中需要省略的成分而在汉语中需要补出才能符合汉语的习惯。 　　2根据意义上的需要 　　1)英语复数名词的增译：复数名词前后增译“许多”、“一些”等，使其复数意义更明确; 　　(2)英语中表示动作名词的增译：翻译时可根据上下文语境，补充一些表示动作意义的名词：“作用”、“现象”、“方案”等;(3)在英语名词或动名词前

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【 #能力训练# 导语】英语是世界上通用的语言，而英语的学习是很枯燥的，想要学好英语不妨先从阅读英语故事开始。从英文故事中学习，提高英文水平。从故事中学习，学到人生的哲理。下面是 分享的英语小故事及翻译五篇。欢迎阅读参考！ 1.英语小故事及翻译 　　Gong Mingyi was a famous musician in ancient times, who played the lute very well. 　　公明仪是古代一位很有名的音乐家，弹得一手好琴。 　　One day, while playing the lute indoors, Gong Mingyi saw a cow eating grass leisurely outside the window. He had a sudden whim to play some melodies for the cow. He first played the "Exercise of Qing Jiao", but the cow still kept on eating grass with head lowered. He seemed to realize that the melody was too highbrow for the cow to understand. 　　有一天，他在室内弹琴，看见一头牛在窗外悠闲地吃着草。他忽然想弹几曲给牛听听。他先弹了一曲“清角之操”。可是，牛还是跟刚才一样，只顾低着头吃草。他似乎意识到，这支曲子太高雅了，牛没有听懂。 　　So he played several other melodies, imitating the buzzing sounds of swarms of flying mosquitoes, and the bleats of a calf looking for its companions. At this, to his surprise, the cow stopped eating grass, but raised its head, pricked up its ears, wagged its tail and, pacing up and down in small steps, began to listen attentively. 　　于是，他弹了另外几支曲子，模拟蚊子成群结队飞来飞去的嗡嗡声;模拟小牛犊寻找伙伴的眸眸叫唤声。这样一来，这头牛竟然不吃草了，抬起头，竖着耳朵，甩着尾巴，迈着小步，留心地倾听起来。2.英语小故事及翻译 　　A little rabbit is picking mushrooms in a forest. A wolf is coming. He is very hungry. “Oh, a little rabbit! This is my favourite food!” 　　一只小兔子正在森林里采蘑菇，一只狼来了，他很饿。“哦，一只小兔子!这是我最喜欢的食物!” 　　The rabbit sees the wolf, but she is not afraid. She pretends to be poisoned by the mushrooms. The wolf thinks, “If I eat her, I will be poisoned, too.” So he goes away. 　　小兔子看见了狼，但是她并不害怕。她假装吃蘑菇中毒了。狼想到:“如果我吃了她，我也会中毒的。”所以他走开了。 　　Then the rabbit is very happy. She goes on picking the mushrooms. 　　小兔子非常高兴，她继续去采蘑菇。3.英语小故事及翻译 　　A Woodman came into a forest to ask the Trees to give him a handle for Ax. It seemed so modest a request that the principal tree at once agreed to it, and it was settled among them that the plain, homely Ash should furnish what was wanted. 　　No sooner had the Woodman fitted the staff to his purpose ,then he began laying about him on all side.Felling the whole matter too late, whispered to the Cedar: "the first concession has lost all ;if we has not a sacrificed our humble neighbor, we might have yet stood for ages ourselves." 　　有一个樵夫来到森林里，要求树给他一跟斧柄，看来他的请求非常谦虚，立刻得到了树的首领的同意。他们决定由平凡而朴素的白杨树来提供所需要的东西。 　　樵夫刚按好斧柄，就开始到处乱砍，森林里的树都砍倒了，树林现在察觉大势已去，就小声对衫树说："第一次的让步已失去了一切，如果我们不牺牲我们的小小的邻居，我们自己还可以活无数年呢。"4.英语小故事及翻译 　　a man was going to the house of some rich person. as he went along the road, he saw a box of good apples at the side of the road. he said, "i do not want to eat those apples; for the rich man will give me much food; he will give me very nice food to eat." then he took the apples and threw them away into the dust. 　　he went on and came to a river. the river had become very big; so he could not go over it. he waited for some time; then he said, "i cannot go to the rich man‘s house today, for i cannot get over the river." 　　he began to go home. he had eaten no food that day. he began to want food. he came to the apples, and he was glad to take them out of the dust and eat them. do not throw good things away; you may be glad to have them at some other time. 　　翻译 　　一个人正朝着一个富人的房子走去，当他沿着路走时，在路的一边他发现一箱好苹果，他说：“我不打算吃那些苹果，因为富人会给我更多的食物，他会给我很好吃的东西。”然后他拿起苹果，一把扔到土里去。 　　他继续走，来到河边，河涨水了，因此，他到不了河对岸，他等了一会儿，然后他说：“今天我去不了富人家了，因为我不能渡过河。” 　　他开始回家，那天他没有吃东西。他就开始去找吃的，他找到苹果，很高兴地把它们从尘土中翻出来吃了。 　　不要把好东西扔掉，换个时候你会觉得它们大有用处。5.英语小故事及翻译 　　Story 1 Three Good Friends 　　One day, a monkey rides his bike near the river. This time he sees a lion under a tree. The lion runs at him. He is afraid and falls into the river. He can"t swim. He shouts. The rabbit hears him. He jumps into the river. The rabbit swims to the monkey, but he can"t help him. Luckily, an elephant comes along. He is very strong. He helps the rabbit and monkey. Three friends are very happy. They go to the elephant"s home. Then, three of them become good friends. 　　一天，一只猴子在河边骑车。这时他看见树下有一只狮子，狮子向他跑来。他非常的害怕，掉进河里。他不会游泳，大叫起来。兔子听见了，跳进水里，但他却没有办法救猴子。幸运的是，一只大象过来了。大象非常强壮，救出了兔子和猴子。他们来到大象的家，在那里吃了一顿大餐。从此他们成了好朋友。