bear 被动语态的用法：

bear的两个过去分词是borne和born，区别是：含义不同、用法不同。一、含义不同1、borne：用作复合词，由什么传播的；由什么传送的。2、born：出生的；与生俱来的，引申可表示“问世的，诞生地，天生的”。二、用法不同1、borne：主要用作动词、名词，作动词时译为“忍受；负荷；结果实；生子女（bear的过去分词）”，作名词时译为“人名博尔内”。当表示承受、忍受的含义时，用borne。2、born：既可作定语修饰名词，又可作be的表语，也可作状语修饰形容词。表示分娩的含义时，用born。双语例句1、The hunter slashed at the bear with his knife.猎人挥刀向熊猛烈砍去。2、The bear has lived up to his reputation for stupidity.这只熊果然名不虚传，笨得出奇。3、I can"t bear young people casting away their youth.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。4、The shelf,too weak to bear all the books,collapsed.架子太不结实了，无法负荷所有的书，就被压塌了。

borne是bear的过去分词形式，born后不接by。born和borne都是bear的过去分词，注意此时的bear是动词，并且只能当做忍受、负担、分娩或在……方位等含义时才可以。bear最正统的过去分词就是borne，而表示分娩时必须用born。 born的用法 作形容词，仅用于名词前，表示“天生的”。例如：born leader 天生的领袖；born loser 天生的失败者，永远的倒霉蛋。 作词素，构成动词词性后缀（-born），表示“以...的顺序（或方式、地点等）出生的”。举几个有代表性的例子：firstborn 第一个出生的；nobly-born 出身贵族的；French-born/French born 法国出生的；newly-born/newborn 新生的；natural-born 与生俱来的。 作动词，以be born的唯一固定形式仅存在于被动语态，且后面不可接by。这种用法里，辞书工具上一般会强调“请勿使用I born，I have been born或者I am born，应该用I was born。” borne的用法 borne是bear的过去分词形式，主动语态和该词后接by的被动语态只能用borne，而我们知道，这里bear肯定是动词，而不是名词“熊”的意思。 例句：①bear作“怀有（感情，尤指坏心情）”的意思时 He"s borne a grudge against/towards me ever since that day./ He"s borne me a grudge ever since that day. 从那天起他便对我怀恨在心。 ②bear作"生(孩子)"的意思时 She bore him six sons.→She had borne him six sons. 她为他生了六个儿子。An English woman bore him.→He was borne by an English woman. 他是一名英国妇女生下的。His parents bore/(had borne) the child across the mountains. 这孩子的父母在山上生下了他。 ③文学创作中，bear作“（尤指随着风、水或者空气）传送；吹动”的意思时 Wind bore along the sound of music.→The sound of music was borne along on the wind. 乐声随风飘送。 作词素，构成形容词词性后缀（-borne），表示"由...携带的"。例如：water-borne/air-borne diseases 由水/空气传播的疾病 英式英语中作形容词,构成唯一固定短语be borne in on/upon sb，短语尤指“（逐渐被）某人意识到/认识到”，例如：It was gradually borne in on us that defeat was inevitable. 我们逐渐认识到，失败是不可避免的。

bear的两个过去分词为borne和born1.含义不同。borne adj. (用作复合词)由 ... 传播的;由 ... 传送的。born vbl. 生;负荷, adj. 出生的;与生俱来的.2.用法不同。borne,英语单词,主要用作动词、名词,作动词时译为“忍受;负荷;结果实;生子女(bear的过去分词)”,作名词时译为“(Borne)人名;(德、西、法)博尔内”。3.侧重点不同。在主动语态中，只能用brone. 在带有by的被动语态中要用brone.

“bear”这个动词的两个过去分词形式“borne”和“born”。1、“Borne”：这是“bear”的过去分词形式，用来表示承受、忍受或支撑。2、“Born”：这是“bear”的另一个过去分词形式，用来表示出生或产生。

可以当形容词也是动词 你看这里

born是支撑的意思，borne是需要的意思，意思略有不同而已

he was born in 1993.1993年，他被生出来。即：他出生于1993年。

过去式：bore，过去分词：born/borne。 bear的过去式是bore，过去分词是born 和borne都可以，只是用法有些区别区别一在主动语态中，只能用 borne。如：She has borne him six children. 她给他生了 6 个孩子。她生了一男一女。误：She has born a son and a daughter.正：She has borne a son and a daughter.区别二在带有 by 短语的被动语态中，要用 borne。如：他是一个英国妇女生的。误：He was born by an English woman.正：He was borne by an English woman.区别三用于 be born 表示“出生”时，不用 borne。如：He was born in Beijing on April 15, 1966. 他于 1966 年 4 月 15 日出生在北京。Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这家医院每天有 10 个孩子出生。He was born to [of] wealthy parents. 他出生在有钱人家。He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship. 他生为法国人，但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。有时用于比喻义。如He was born to be a great writer. 他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家。区别四born 有时可用于名词前作定语，表示“天生的”，此时不能用 borne。如：He was a born poet. 他天生是个诗人。区别五若用于“生育”之外的其他意义，其过去分词要用 borne。如：The task is borned on our shoulders. 这任务落在我们的肩上。

born on和born in都是出生于的意思两者之间的区别不如说是on 与in的区别born on后可以加具体某一天born in后可以加年份和地点这二者之间的区别不大，可以根据自己的造句灵活使用。

born on Sat加明确的时间, born in a rich family/in winter 加时间段

born on 后面往往接具体的某一日期，某一天。如:I was born on a cold morning . 我出生在一个寒冷的早上。born in 后往往接地点、年份或大地点如: I was born in China。我出生在中国。 I was born in 1980。 我出生在1980年。 I was born in the village. 我出生在农村。

bebornon表示“在某天出生”，所以用on表示具体的日期。如：HewasbornonSpetmber1st,1990.bebornin表示在不说明具体的日期出生、或者出生在某地；也常常表示出生在什么样的环境和家庭。如：1.Hewasbornin1990.2.HewasborninAmerica.3.Thegirlwasborninaroyalfamily.

in 后跟某年某月或某地on 具体到某一天如He was born in October ,1949.He was born on October 1, 1949

都是出生 的意思born in 地点或某年/月 born on+具体某一天 He was born in Shang hai in1989. He was born on October 1, 1989.

过去式：bore 过去分词：borne 或born

born 的原形是bear,即“生育”的意思,bear的过去式是bore,过去分词为born.born是一个过去分词作形容词,可以理解为“被生育；出生”. vbl是verbal forms的缩写,即动词的变化形式.

Bear:过去时bore 过去分词：borne 或 born Tear:过去时tore 过去分词：torn

原型：bear，过去式：bore，过去分词：borne/born。bear　英 [beu0259(r)] 　 美 [ber] 　 　n. 熊v. 忍受，负荷，结果，证实，生子女例句：The bear has lived up to his reputation for stupidity.翻译：这只熊果然名不虚传，笨得出奇。短语：bear charges 负担经费近义词abide　英 [u0259"bau026ad] 　 美 [u0259"bau026ad] 　 　v. 遵守，忍受，坚持例句：Once you make a promise, you must abide by it.翻译：一旦你许诺，你必须遵守你的诺言。短语：abide a person 屈从一个人

好象born就是bear的过去式和过去分词呢

borne 是 bear (生育) 的过去分词，属于及物动词，My mom has borne four children 意思是 “我妈妈生过四个孩子”。

区别一在主动语态中，只能用 borne。如：She has borne him six children. 她给他生了 6 个孩子。她生了一男一女。误：She has born a son and a daughter.正：She has borne a son and a daughter.区别二在带有 by 短语的被动语态中，要用 borne。如：他是一个英国妇女生的。误：He was born by an English woman.正：He was borne by an English woman.区别三用于 be born 表示“出生”时，不用 borne。如：He was born in Beijing on April 15, 1966. 他于 1966 年 4 月 15 日出生在北京。Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这家医院每天有 10 个孩子出生。He was born to [of] wealthy parents. 他出生在有钱人家。He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship. 他生为法国人，但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。有时用于比喻义。如：He was born to be a great writer. 他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家。区别四born 有时可用于名词前作定语，表示“天生的”，此时不能用 borne。如：He was a born poet. 他天生是个诗人。区别五若用于“生育”之外的其他意义，其过去分词要用 borne。如：The task is borned on our shoulders. 这任务落在我们的肩上。

bear的过去分词有born和borne两种：其中，过去分词borne作‘生育"解时不用于被动语态.如bear a child生孩子→She has borne me a child.她给我生了个孩子。而born则仅用于被动语态: She was born in 1954. 她生于1954年.由此可见，你的第一个句子形式上既然是被动了，那他就不是作“生育”来解；第二个则是的。

borne[英][bɔ:n][美][bɔrn, born]adj.（用于复合词）由…携带的，由…运载的; v.需要( bear的过去分词 ); 具有; 推动; 传达; 与出生“born”音同汉语因类似“报恩”希望我的回答能够帮助你，谢谢！

blonde, blond Because these are borrowed from French there is a feminine and masculine form. Blonde is feminine and blond is masculine. bore, boar, boor Bore as a noun is a boring or tiresome person, or something that you don"t like doing; boar is a male pig; boor is a vulgar person. board, bored Board is a long sheet of wood, also a group of people as in “Board of Directors”, and as a verb means to go onto a ship, plane or other form of public transport; bored means not interested. born, borne Born is always the beginning of life, borne means carried. “I was born in the middle of a particularly severe winter.” “The logs were borne down the river to the mill.” bought, brought Bought is the past tense of buy, brought is the past tense of bring. So, I bought (paid for) a load of topsoil, and a truck driver brought (delivered) it to my home. braise, braze Braise means to cook slowly in liquid (usually meat); braze most commonly means to solder with an alloy of copper and zinc. brake, break Brake means to stop; break means to smash. bridal, bridle Bridal has to do with brides and weddings; bridle as a noun means a halter or restraint; as a verb it means to restrain or to draw oneself up in anger. by, buy, bye By is a preposition meaning next to; buy means purchase; bye means farewell or good-bye. canvas, canvass Canvas is cloth or fabric; canvass means to seek votes, to survey, to sell door-to-door. 查了好久才找全的，如果满意，请采纳哈，谢谢！

是 borne borne [b00:n] vbl. 生，负荷(动词bear的过去分词)adj. (用作复合词)由 ... 传播的，由 ... 传送的 如果满意请采纳

born本身是形容词,有以下几个意思:(adj.)1.出生的；出身于…的。2.生来就…的，命中注定的。3.天生的；有天才的。 你指的应该是bear(vt.)的过去分词型态bear 的过去式为 bore，过去分词为 borne，但作「生，生育」(to give birth) 之意时，它的过去分词则有两种型态：born 和 borne当bear 意为「出生」时，born都用在没有 by 的被动态且当分词形容词用，如 He was bornin Japan. (他在日本出生) 当bear 意为「生，生育」时，borne仅当过去分词用，主词都是 mother,woman 或she，如The woman has borne three sons. (这位女人已生了三个儿子)

是 borne borne [b00:n] vbl. 生，负荷(动词bear的过去分词)adj. (用作复合词)由 ... 传播的，由 ... 传送的 如果满意请采纳

是born。

语法复习九：动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如： explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如： give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 （一）易混动词 1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）： 放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词 躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词 说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词 2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。） 5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。 8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。 10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。 11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。 14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如: Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。 15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。 16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work. 18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用 lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing. 19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如： I dress my children in the morning every day. 20、begin与start begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如: we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21、allow 与permit allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22、find与found find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如： The People"s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 23、speak, say, talk 与tell 英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn"t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如： The father always speaks well of his son.。 24、excuse me 与sorry excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25、care for 与care to do care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如： Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。 26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。 28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with … 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to … 30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in … （二）动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点： 1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。 注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如： She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词+介词(及物) I"m looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She"s got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。 动词词义辨析检测练习 1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words. A. point B.speak C.say D.tell 2.I ____ you will write me back soon. A. wish B.hope C.want D.need 3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him. A. spend B. spare C.save D. share 4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away. A. have B.let C. agree D. allow 5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy. A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run 6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car. A. send B.pick C.ride D.take 7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work. A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives 8.1 don"t know the restaurant, but it"s____ to be quite a good one. A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you"d better____ them for her. A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch 10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____. A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut 11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents. A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results 12. I"ve____my umbrella in the office and I"ll have to fetch it. A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost 13 .The doctor says a few days" rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good. A. make B.do C.give D.get 14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question. A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran 15. The cooking chicken ____ very good. A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes 16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age. A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive 17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life. A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost 18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam. A. like B. expect C. think D.need 19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination. A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished 20. I"m afraid Mr Brown isn"t in. Would you like to____a message? A.give B.leave C.carry D.take 21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat? A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on 22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt. A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy 23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study. A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent 24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital. A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent 25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music. A. be B. should be C.was D. would be 26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan. A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent 27.I ____ play football than basketball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 28. - What are you doing? - I"m looking____ the children. They should be back for lunch now. A.after B.at C.for D.up 29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather. A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down 30.I really don"t want to go to the party, but I don"t see how I can ____ it. A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off 31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through 32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World"s Seventh Wonder. A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on 33.1 can" t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little. A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up 34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____. A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up 35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once. A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up 36. I"m going to a pop concert with Tom. He"ll ____ me at eight and we"ll go there togethe; A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up 37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____. A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out 38. Your composition must be ____ after class. A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over 39. A new school was ____ in the village last year. A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up 40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o"clock. A. take off" B. take up C. take away D. take place 41. ____! There"s danger ahead. A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out 42.Let"s____ to clean the house. It"s too dirty. A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down 43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing. A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on 44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America. A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 45. He had to ____ his father"s business after his death, though he didn"t really want to continue it. A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on 46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking away from 47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields. A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in 48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees. A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away 49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and ____ the tools. A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after 50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it. A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through 1-5 DBBDA 6-10 CAABA 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 CDBDB 21-25 AADAC 26-30 AACAB 31-35 CDCBC 36-40 ADCBA 41-45 DBDAD 46-50 BDCAD

to do主要用来表示一次性具体性将要发生性的行为。其逻辑主语暗中有所指。doing主要用来表示经常性习惯性抽象性发生的行为。其逻辑主语暗中无所指。To play with fire is dangerous.指有人要玩火。将要发生性playing with fire is dangerous.教育性宣传。抽象性To see is to believe.指有人要撒谎。一次性将要发生性Seeing is believing.教育性宣传。经常性抽象性。I like to swim in the river.一次具体性I like swimming.经常性反复性

重要单词，重要常用的语法

动名词作表语常表示【泛指】，而动词不定式作表语表示【特指，往往指将来行为】如：Her job is looking after the patients.Her job this afternoon is to look after the baby.

[Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940，author Bharati Mukherjee has] lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers" Workshop.(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati 答：C译：作家BM，1940年生于加尔各答，1988年入美国籍。她在英国和加拿大生活过。1961年初次来到美国进衣阿华作家创作室学习。析：since与完成式连用，且时序颠倒， 排除A选项B代词she先于Bharati Mukherjee 不爽，且前一分句时序仍是颠倒，很不爽。译出来“88年入了美国籍之后，也40年出生了。时空穿越吗？排除B选项D的第一个being纯属多余in 1940应当用过去分词而不用现在分词完成式，since应与完成式连用， 排除E正确选项C用了Done,s v o;s v1 and v2.句子逻辑清晰，易懂。 问：对于A项，我的疑问是1)A如果还原后句子是不是：author is being a United States citizen since 1988 and was born in Calcutta in 1940 ???答：不是。应是：As she was a United States citizen since 1988 and was born in Calcutta in 1940, .... 分词短语作状语，应还原成相应的状语从句。 不管是你的is being 还是我的was ..,与since 1988都扭不在一起。be作“是”解释，是没有进行时态的。2)being和born为何不能平行，这里being后面接的名词，而不是形容词，感觉更像动名词而不像现在分词，是因为这个关系吗？答：不是现在分词短语和过去分词短语不能并列，而是since 1988这个时间状语决定了前一分词不能用一般式。还有时序填倒等等问题。另这个being 不可能是动名词，be后面接形容词和接名词，都是系表结构。（He is clever; He is a student.), 动名词是相当于名词的。只能理解成两个分词短语并列，作状语。3）看有的解释说正确选项C，born 是being born的省略，我并不认同，因为OG的解释是being born是反复的动作，而bron是瞬间动词，我的理解是bron就是过去分词，如果还原直接是句子主语作逻辑主语，author was born in Calcutta in 1940,不知这样的理解是否正确？答：born 是过去分词，且不表示动作，表动作的过去分词是borne 如She has borne 3 children. born只能作表语，表状态。它不是being born的省略。后才为现在分词。当然如果是形容词的话，是需要being 的，如Being ill, she couldn"t come to school. 一般不能只用ill, ...,尽管这里的born与ill一样是作形容词用的。便born的本质是过去分词。 你的理解正确。OG是谁？乱讲！ ETS的解释：C is best. The first clause presents its information clearly and in logical sequence. The use of a semicolon to set apart the remaining information further assists the clarity of the sentence. In A, the phrase Being... and born violates parallelism and oddly presents its information in reverse chronological order. Choice B illogically suggests that upon her birth in 1940, Mukherjee had already been a United States citizen since 1988. In D and E, the use of progressive forms (Being born, having been. Having been born, and being) implies continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented. Also, these forms do not establish a logical time sequence, suggesting, for example, that Mukherjee had been a United States citizen before she lived in England and Canada and first came to the United States.

1born2beat/beaten3blown4broken5chosen6drawn7driven8eaten9fallen10flown11given12gone13grown14hidden15lain16mistaken17riden

be born出生固定词组

Wrong! born 本身已是past participle. It es from "bear". Also it must be passive because you can not exist in this world without your mum right? Therefore the correct one should be "I was born in Hong Kong." ------Information from Yahoo Dictionary----- bear1 动变: bore; borne born; bearing bear2 名复: bears 动变: bore; borne born; bearing bear1 KK: [] DJ: [] vt. 1. 支持 承受;承担 Mrs. Ann Bader bears all expenses. 安妮u2027巴德太太承担一切费用。 2. 运送;携带;带走[O] 3. 忍受;经得起[+to-v][+v-ing][+that][O2] He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him. 他受不了朋友们竟也嘲笑他。 I can"t bear to see you like this. 我不忍见你这样。 I don"t feel very well. I can"t bear this weather. 我感到不太舒服。我受不了这种天气。 4. 容许 5. 佩带;拥有;具有 6. 写有 印有 带有 Her face bore signs of tears. 她的脸上带着泪痕。 7. 怀有 对...抱有[O1][(+for/against)] 8. 生(小孩)[O1];开(花);结(果) She has borne five children. 她生了五个孩子。 9. 产(庄稼);生(利息) 10. 值得 需要 11. (与oneself连用)表现[O] vi. 1. 承受重量(或压力) Those bamboo beams will not bear. 这几根竹制的横梁承受不住压力。 2. 用力推(或挤 压) 3. 开花结果 Our apple trees will bear well this year. 今年我们的苹果树会结许多果实。 4. (依一定方向)延伸 bear2 KK: [] DJ: [] n.[C] 1. 熊;似熊的动物 2. 鲁莽的人;笨拙的人 3. 【美】【俚】佼佼者 He is a bear at mathematics. 他是个数学天才。 4. (股市中)做空头者;(对行情)看跌者 vt. 1. 通过卖空使行情下跌 vi. 1. 做空头 a. 1. 卖空的 行情下跌的[Z][B] 参考: me + .dictionary.yahoo/search?s=bear&t=v I borned in Hong Kong. 这句句子是不对的。 因为born已经是过去式了... 句子是:I was born in Hong Kong. 不对 因为born已经是过去式 参考: me born –adjective 1. brought forth by birth. 2. possessing from birth the quality circumstances or character stated: "a born musician; a born fool." 3. native to the locale stated; immigrated to the present place from the locale stated: "a German-born scientist; a Chicago-born New Yorker." –verb 4. a pp. of bear. —Idiom 5. born yesterday naive; inexperienced: "You can"t fool me with that old trick—I wasn"t born yesterday." 你用的 born 是 adjective [ I was born in HK ] "I borned in Hong Kong." - 这句不对. Born 已经是 past tense 过去式 (现在式 present tense是 bear) 所以我在中国香港出生应该是﹐ "I was born in Hong Kong." 参考: Myself born (bear的过去分词) a.[Z] 1. 出生的 诞生的;产生的[F] The baby was born last Friday. 孩子是上星期五生的。 2. 天生的 生来就有的[+to-v] She was considered a born movie star. 她被看成是天生的电影明星。 She was born to succeed. 她注定会成功的。 I borned in Hong Kong.应改为I born in Hong Kong. 2007-05-22 09:37:49 补充： 应改为I was born in Hong Kong.sorry!! 参考: .dictionary.yahoo/search?q=1&s=born+&Submit=+%ACd%A6r+ BORN是BEAR　的过去分词 I was borned in Hong Kong. 才对 2007-05-22 09:34:48 补充： sorI was born in Hong Kong. 才对

allowed, aloud altar, alter ate, eight auger, augur baize, bays bald, bawled ball, bawl band, banned bard, barred bare, bear bark, barque baron, barren base, bass bay, bey bazaar, bizarre be, bee beach, beech bean, been beat, beet beau, bow beer, bier bel, bell, belle berry, bury berth, birth bight, bite, byte billed, build bitten, bittern blew, blue bloc, block boar, bore board, bored boarder, border bold, bowled boos, booze born, borne bough, bow boy, buoy brae, bray braid, brayed braise, brays, braze brake, break bread, bred brews, bruise cast, caste caster, castor caught, court caw, core, corps cede, seed ceiling, sealing cell, sell censer, censor, sensor cent, scent, sent cereal, serial cheap, cheep check, cheque choir, quire chord, cord cite, sight, site clack, claque clew, clue climb, clime close, cloze coal, kohl coarse, course coign, coin colonel, kernel complacent, complaisant complement, compliment coo, coup cops, copse council, counsel cousin, cozen creak, creek crews, cruise cue, kyu, queue curb, kerb currant, current cymbol, symbol dam, damn days, daze dear, deer descent, dissent desert, dessert deviser, divisor dew, due die, dye discreet, discrete doe, doh, dough done, dun douse, dowse draft, draught dual, duel earn, urn eery, eyrie ewe, yew, you faint, feint fah, far fair, fare farther, father fate, fête faun, fawn fay, fey faze, phase feat, feet ferrule, ferule few, phew fie, phi file, phial find, fined fir, fur fizz, phiz flair, flare furs, furze

楼上正解

born 的原形是bear,即“生育”的意思, 如果觉得满意请在右上角选为满意答案,您的支持是我最大的动力,谢谢

简洁明了才是王道stand最常用，一般的忍受，可以和put up with互换。I can"t stand you.=I can"t put up with you.我再也受不了你了。bear的语气更强烈一些，特指承受生活重担之受。He can bear the heavy burden of life.他承受不了生活的重担。suffer的语气也比较强烈，不过很多时候会指精神上无法忍受。I can"t suffer the pain in my heart.我无法忍受内心的痛楚。

更新1: to sandy: why? Born 在这句子是 verb 只是应用在 passive voice. “born” is past participle of “bear”. Born 在这句子不是 adjective. 虽然 born 这个字可以做 adjective. Bear (verb) 生孩子 bore (past tense) born borne (past participle) Bear (verb) 忍受 负荷 运送 携带 bore (past tense) borne (past participle) His wife bore him o children. 他妻子替他生两个孩子 (active voice) be born 出生 (verb in passive voice) - When a person or animal was born they came out of their mother"s body and started to exist. He was born in 1980. 他是1980年出生. Steve Wonder was born blind. (was born + adjective) Yo-Yo Ma was born into a very musical family. was born ….correct (have/has been born am/is born ~ wrong) Born is Verb. Example : I born in 1997 in Hong Kong 发问者: Godfrey(回答者) 已经解释得很清楚了. 孩子都是由其母亲生出来的 而"出生" 是过去某一时刻的动作 所以要用past tense 和passive voice. e.g. She was born in 1997. 2011-05-06 19:32:53 补充： Simon the question relates to passive verb-form. For your information passive verb-forms are made with the different tenses of "verb to be" followed by a past participle. My wordings "past tense and passive voice" illustrated this sentense"s construction. 2011-05-06 20:03:01 补充： typing mistake: sentense"s -----> sentence"s Chan was born in Hong Kong. Born 在这句子是 verb 只是应用在 passive voice. “born” is past participle of “bear”. Born 在这句子不是 adjective. 虽然 born 这个字可以做 adjective. Bear (verb) 生孩子 bore (past tense) born borne (past participle) Bear (verb) 忍受 负荷 运送 携带 bore (past tense) borne (past participle) His wife bore him o children. 他妻子替他生两个孩子 (active voice) be born 出生 (verb in passive voice) - When a person or animal was born they came out of their mother"s body and started to exist. He was born in 1980. 他是1980年出生. Steve Wonder was born blind. (was born + adjective) Yo-Yo Ma was born into a very musical family. was born ….correct (have/has been born am/is born ~ wrong) 当 born 是 adjective 解释是: 天生的 多数应用在noun 前面 born + noun born leader 天生的领袖 - someone who has a strong natural ability to lead. born loser - someone who always seems to have bad things happen to them bear另外解释是: 忍受 负荷. 携带 (past participle 是 borne 不是 born) I can"t bear it anymore. 参考: Longman English Dictionary to me born is adj while "was" is verb. 虽然主动句BORN的动词转去被动式BE(is/am/are/was/were) + born. 好似WAS BORN 系动词 但事实上不是. 呢个同he walks.转去进行式he is walking.相似. ;"walking " is adj. while "is " is verb. 呢度walking is present participle while born is past participle they act as adj too. 2011-05-06 10:34:29 补充： 人地都唔系问系米用PAST TENSE /PASSIVE VOICE! 如果系was born 咁born就系past participle.而past participle系由bear(verb)转过黎 所以就系verbthat is:bear (忍受)basic word form: bearpast tense: borepast participle: born(actually it"s my own thinking..) if i refer to google dictionary born can be verb or adjective... verb: 出生；出世 adjective: 天生（有某方面才能）的 但我认为是verb… hope can help you:) 参考: google dictionary own knowledge(: born 系 adjective

纯净水理论上是纯净物实际上不是纯净物。

蒸馏水不一定是完全纯净的物质，需要根据具体情况来判断。下面从不同角度详细说明。1、蒸馏水的定义和制备方式蒸馏水是通过蒸馏技术制备出来的水，通常可以去除水中的离子、矿物质、有机物等杂质，但是并不能保证100%的纯净。因此，是否纯净还需要具体情况来判断。2、蒸馏过程中可能出现的污染在蒸馏水的过程中，如果设备或管道存在损坏、老化、污染等问题，就会导致水质的受到影响。例如，汽车发动机冷却系统中的蒸馏水，长期使用可能会导致水中含有铜、锌、镍等金属离子，从而影响水的纯净度。3、蒸馏水的存放和使用即使蒸馏出来的水本身是纯净的，但在存放和使用过程中也有可能受到外界污染而失去纯净度。例如，在水桶中存放时可能会被灰尘、空气中的微生物、细菌等污染，而在使用时可能会接触到不洁的容器、管道等。4、纯净水的标准在实际应用中，纯净水通常需要满足一定的标准，例如ISO3696标准。这个标准规定了不同级别的纯净水中各种离子和有机物的浓度限制，从一级到四级依次递减。5、如何判断蒸馏水是否纯净可以通过检测其电导率、pH值、溶解性等指标来判断蒸馏水是否纯净。例如，电导率越低则说明水中离子越少，纯净度越高；pH值越接近7则说明溶解的氢离子和氢氧离子的平衡状态越稳定，也能提示水的纯净度。综上所述，蒸馏水并非完全纯净的物质，除了制备过程的要求外，还需要考虑设备和管道的污染、存放和使用过程中受到的影响、以及实际应用中的需求等因素。在实际应用中，需要根据具体情况选择适当的水源和水质评估方法，以满足实际需求。

诺曼人在欧洲的活动9、10世纪时，基督教的西欧从东、南、北三面受到外族的侵袭。从东面来的是马扎尔人，南面来的是阿拉伯人，北面来的是诺曼人。这些侵袭给西欧造成不小的损失，生产被破坏，财富遭劫掠，人民或被杀害或被掠走为奴。软弱分裂的西欧对这些侵略不能组织有效的抵抗，只有各地封建主筑堡自卫，导致分裂割据更为加深。10世纪后这些侵略渐形停止，直到中世纪之末西欧再未遭受外族的侵略和破坏，有助于它的生产、文化连续进步。阿拉伯人的侵袭 8世纪时阿拉伯人占领伊比利亚半岛，越比利牛斯山向法兰克进攻。732年普瓦提埃之役后这方面的攻击中止了。但从9世纪起，雄据北非的阿格拉布王朝，法蒂玛王朝等仍不断从海上攻击西欧。10世纪初占领西西里，进而攻入意大利南部和中部。9世纪中期阿拉伯人曾一度攻下罗马、其他大城市如阿马尔非、那不勒斯、撒勒诺、比萨、热那亚等也受到攻击。与此同时，法国南部也受到阿拉伯人的进攻。阿拉伯人在普罗旺斯建立据点，由此向北进入罗纳河谷，劫掠香槟各地，直到莱因河流域。阿拉伯人在意大利和法国南部的攻掠和以前的扩张有所不同，较少有长期占领打算，而只是抢劫富庶的城市和乡村，或掠人为奴，造成破坏。到11世纪，南意大利被诺曼人占领，阿拉伯人势衰，侵略活动逐渐停止。匈牙利人的进攻 匈牙利人亦称马扎尔人，起源于西伯利亚或中亚，本是游牧部落。9世纪时他们在黑海北岸草原活动，不时拦截通过第聂伯河商路运送的货物。后来因为受到其他游牧民族的压迫，向西迁徙，越过喀尔巴阡山，进入蒂萨河与多瑙河中游一带平原，并逐渐定居。匈牙利人初到蒂萨河时，仍保持游牧遗习，为了得到足够生活资料，乃不时向西欧劫掠。从9世纪末到10世纪中期，他们的骑兵到过德国、法国中部和东部以及意大利等地。受害最深的是德国的巴伐利亚，萨克森。匈牙利骑兵以快速机动闻名，他们避开设防坚固的城市，洗劫乡村，得到大批财物后，又退回原来的驻地。955年，德王奥托一世（936—973年）集合重兵，击败了入侵的匈牙利人，为加强防守，在东部建立边疆马克。这时匈牙利人内部也起变化，农耕得到发展，对外侵略乃告中止。诺曼人的进攻 对西欧最大的侵袭来自北方的诺曼人。诺曼人包括丹麦人、瑞典人和挪威人。他们属居住在易北河口以北的日耳曼人。虽然4、5世纪以来有大批日耳曼人入西欧各地定居，并在那里接受基督教。但这些诺曼人仍远居北欧，过部落生活，信仰自己的部落神。9世纪时，可能一方面由于人口的压力，另一方面原始社会末期社会矛盾、斗争加深，诺曼人乃从北欧四出侵掠。他们是著名的海盗，结成团伙，乘船出海远航。诺曼人造尖底无甲板的木船，每船能载40—60人，用帆或桨行驶，速度很快，吃水很浅。因此便于从海口沿河上溯，深入内陆。而西欧各地又有许多条这种通向大海水流平缓的河流，成为诺曼人侵略的便利之途。丹麦人主要袭击英格兰和法国，挪威人则进攻苏格兰、爱尔兰等地，而瑞典人则向东欧发展，就是俄国历史上所说的瓦里亚格人。当时西欧各地兴起许多富庶的修院，成为不信教的诺曼人的主要进攻目标。这些诺曼人后来很快学会骑马，乘船登陆后骑马纵横各地，不但焚掠乡村，捕捉俘虏，而且有时在首领率领下集大军围攻城市，索取赎金，使西欧各地遭受很大骚扰和破坏。诺曼人的殖民 诺曼人侵袭西欧的另一特点，就是在一些地方形成移民活动，定居下来，以至建立国家。英格兰是第一个遭受诺曼海盗袭击的地方。自5世纪起盎格鲁·萨克森人侵入不列颠后，英格兰建立起一些互相争战的小国。8世纪末丹麦人开始入侵英格兰东海岸，诺森布里亚的许多修院遭劫掠破坏。9世纪中期，丹麦人已南下攻击伦敦。此后他们在英国建筑越冬基地，冬季也不返回丹麦。英格兰东北部渐形成丹麦人大片定居区。9世纪70年代，威塞克斯国王阿尔弗烈德（871—899年）奋起反抗入侵的丹麦人，取得胜利，与丹麦人划地为界。11世纪初，丹麦王克努特（1017—1035年）曾征服英格兰及整个斯堪的那维亚，建立了跨越北欧的克努特帝国。他死后其国瓦解。英格兰再归盎格鲁萨克森人的国王统治。而定居在东北部的丹麦人渐和当地居民融合。9世纪中叶诺曼人也加紧袭扰法兰克河口各地，法国的所有大城市几乎都被动掠过，而巴黎曾两次遭受劫掠。在莱因河口，斯凯尔特河口等地，诺曼人曾建立居民点。911年，法兰西国王查理三世和北欧海盗首领罗洛立约，封他为公爵，将塞纳河口一带地方划归他统治，以后这里有大批诺曼人前来定居，形成诺曼底公爵领。11世纪时，诺曼底已完全法国化，成为法国的一个大封建领地。诺曼底人在11世纪还进行过两次著名的征服，一次是诺曼底公爵威廉于1066年征服英国，另一次是征服西西里和南意大利，12世纪初在那里形成西西里王国。9世纪中叶，挪威人与丹麦人还不断进攻爱尔兰，占领了大片土地。他们并向西远航到达冰岛，大量向那里移民，发展为独特的北欧文化。又从冰岛远航到格陵兰沿岸以及北美洲北部沿海，这比哥伦布到达美洲大约早500年，可惜他们在那里未能久留。诺曼人的侵袭更加削弱了西欧的王权。在法兰西，987年大贵族休·加佩被封建贵族推举为王，加洛林王室于此告终，法国开始了加佩王朝（987—1328年）的统治。法国被诺曼底公爵，佛兰德尔伯爵、勃艮第公爵、阿奎丹公爵等分割。加佩王室只占有塞纳河与卢瓦尔河之间地区，十分弱小，只保留国王名义而已。德国加洛林王系于911年告终，贵族选康拉德一世（911—918年）为王。919年，萨克森公爵亨利被选为王（919—936年），开始了德国的萨克森王朝（919—1024年）。亨利之子奥托一世（936—973年）曾依靠教会与独立的各公爵斗争，加强王权。962年，奥托一世进军罗马，帮助教皇平定内乱。教皇为奥托加冕，取得“神圣罗马皇帝”称号。从此德国在中世纪亦被称为神圣罗马帝国，意大利北部名义上为帝国的一部分。

　西欧封建制度是中古欧洲历史的一项核心内容，而西欧封建制度的核心内容是西欧封建等级制度。在整个中古时期，罗马天主教在经济上占据当时西欧土地的三分之一，政治上与世俗王权分庭抗礼，在思想文化方面形成一元垄断，可谓是处于一种万流归宗的地位。西欧的土地制度建立起以土地为纽带的封建主与附庸之间的关系，领主有责任保护附庸，附庸也有义务效忠，随时去前线作战，这样大大提高了国家的战斗力。它加强了中小封建主阶层，是西欧封建骑士制度的基础。国王、封建主和基督教会通过层层采邑分封建立起依次互为主从的金字塔般的封建等级制度。

形成一般说来，西欧的封建制度是从6世纪开始，到11世纪前后基本确立的一种新的社会制度。西欧封建制度，是在特定的历史条件下两个不同的社会历史交叉，两种社会历史因素相互综合的结果。公元3世纪以来，罗马帝国境内盛行的隶奴制中已经孕育着新的封建关系萌芽，这种制度在实质上看就是封建生产关系的萌芽。这是因为占有主要生产资料的大地产者，已经不能完全占有劳动者本身及其劳动（奴隶只是一种会说话的工具），在经营方式上，大土地所有制同以家庭为单位的小规模经营相结合，剥削形式主要通过地租，这已经同封建的生产方式非常接近。另一方面随着日耳曼征服者的足迹所至，日耳曼人的土地制度和社会组织也开始发生了变化，社会结构也相应地发生了变化，日耳曼人的君主、贵族和罗马天主教会势力日益合流，共同形成了西欧封建统治阶级。农民被剥夺了土地所有权和人身自由，成为农奴，受封建主的剥削和奴役，成为欧洲封建社会的主要被统治阶级。特点西欧封建等级制度是以土地关系为纽带，通过层层分封而形成的。主要作用是协调和维护封建主内部的利益，更有效地统治下层人民，其基本特征是封主和与附庸的臣属关系的建立。由于土地是层层分封的，附庸只承认自己直接受封的人为封主，对自己封主的封主则没有臣属关系。所以，在西欧出现了“我的附庸的附庸不是我的附庸”的现象。这种情形使封建等级制度复杂而混乱。如封建主甲可以是乙的封主，而乙的封臣又可以是甲的封君，往往一个封建主有多个封臣，从而加剧了封建主之间的争夺和冲突，出现割据混战局面。邑制制 中央把土地作为采邑封给大封建主，大封建主再把它封给自己的臣下为采邑，层层分封，层层结成主从关系，形成像阶梯似的等级制。这是西欧封建土地所有制的基本特征。封主有责任保护封臣，封臣必须忠于封主，封建主阶级内部的联系加强了。其次，封臣得到采邑时同时获得领地上农民的管辖权，对劳动者的控制加强了。采邑改革后，骑兵逐渐代替步兵，奠定西欧骑士制度的基础，也为日后加洛林朝的强盛创造了条件。

中国是多民族开放融合性的大汉民族，西欧是吗？。。。中国封建社会商业发达，西欧的商业何时才发展起来的？。。。中国由秦至清有两种形式的封建历史，西欧只有一种形式的封建历史。。。。中国的封建剥削制是赋税摇役，西欧的封建剥削是地租。。。中国由秦至清的封建社会，始终存在着两大阶层关系问题，即封建官僚阶层的统治，与农民阶层的被统治。。。等等。。。。实际上中国与西欧的水土不同，人的禀性也是不同，人的行为也就不同，说教理论也是不同

是。蒸馏水是纯净物，为蒸馏水经过多次蒸馏提纯以后，已经完全去除水中的杂质，成为了纯净物。蒸馏是一种热力学的分离工艺，它利用混合液体或液-固体系中各组分沸点不同，使低沸点组分蒸发，再冷凝以分离整个组分的单元操作过程，是蒸发和冷凝两种单元操作的联合。与其它的分离手段，如萃取、过滤结晶等相比，它的优点在于不需使用系统组分以外的其它溶剂，从而保证不会引入新的杂质。

一般说来，西欧的封建制度是从6世纪开始，到11世纪前后基本确立的一种新的社会制度。西欧封建制度，是在特定的历史条件下两个不同的社会历史交叉，两种社会历史因素相互综合的结果。公元3世纪以来，罗马帝国境内盛行的隶奴制中已经孕育着新的封建关系萌芽，这种制度在实质上看就是封建生产关系的萌芽。这是因为占有主要生产资料的大地产者，已经不能完全占有劳动者本身及其劳动（奴隶只是一种会说话的工具），在经营方式上，大土地所有制同以家庭为单位的小规模经营相结合，剥削形式主要通过地租，这已经同封建的生产方式非常接近。另一方面随着日耳曼征服者的足迹所至，日耳曼人的土地制度和社会组织也开始发生了变化，社会结构也相应地发生了变化，日耳曼人的君主、贵族和罗马天主教会势力日益合流，共同形成了西欧封建统治阶级。农民被剥夺了土地所有权和人身自由，成为农奴，受封建主的剥削和奴役，成为欧洲封建社会的主要被统治阶级。

不是. 由单一物质组成的物质称为纯净物, 纯净物包括了单质和化合物 而纯净水还还有其他物质(中间有的还经过杀毒等程序)不属于纯净物 化学上,当表述为“纯水”“蒸馏水”时,是纯净物. 而纯净水一般理解为生活中所说的“纯净水”,指对但我们喝的纯净水是相对纯净的水,仍含有杂质,应理解为混合物. 麻烦给“好评”