- 瑞瑞爱吃桃
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born本来就可以做形容词,表示“天生的”,做“出生”也可以看作形容词,如:he is a born poet. 他天生就是诗人。
只要注意born和borne的区别:
区别一
在主动语态中,只能用 borne。如:
She has borne him six children. 她给他生了 6 个孩子。
她生了一男一女。
误:She has born a son and a daughter.
正:She has borne a son and a daughter.
区别二
在带有 by 短语的被动语态中,要用 borne。如:
他是一个英国妇女生的。
误:He was born by an English woman.
正:He was borne by an English woman.
区别三
用于 be born 表示“出生”时,不用 borne。如:
He was born in Beijing on April 15, 1966. 他于 1966 年 4 月 15 日出生在北京。
Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这家医院每天有 10 个孩子出生。
He was born to [of] wealthy parents. 他出生在有钱人家。
He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship. 他生为法国人,但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。
有时用于比喻义。如:
He was born to be a great writer. 他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家。
区别四
born 有时可用于名词前作定语,表示“天生的”,此时不能用 borne。如:
He was a born poet. 他天生是个诗人。
- 苏州马小云
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可以当形容词也是动词 你看这里
bear的两个过去分词的区别
bear的两个过去分词是borne和born,区别是:含义不同、用法不同。一、含义不同1、borne:用作复合词,由什么传播的;由什么传送的。2、born:出生的;与生俱来的,引申可表示“问世的,诞生地,天生的”。二、用法不同1、borne:主要用作动词、名词,作动词时译为“忍受;负荷;结果实;生子女(bear的过去分词)”,作名词时译为“人名博尔内”。当表示承受、忍受的含义时,用borne。2、born:既可作定语修饰名词,又可作be的表语,也可作状语修饰形容词。表示分娩的含义时,用born。双语例句1、The hunter slashed at the bear with his knife.猎人挥刀向熊猛烈砍去。2、The bear has lived up to his reputation for stupidity.这只熊果然名不虚传,笨得出奇。3、I can"t bear young people casting away their youth.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。4、The shelf,too weak to bear all the books,collapsed.架子太不结实了,无法负荷所有的书,就被压塌了。2023-08-05 03:32:421
born和borne区别
borne是bear的过去分词形式,born后不接by。born和borne都是bear的过去分词,注意此时的bear是动词,并且只能当做忍受、负担、分娩或在……方位等含义时才可以。bear最正统的过去分词就是borne,而表示分娩时必须用born。 born的用法 作形容词,仅用于名词前,表示“天生的”。例如:born leader 天生的领袖;born loser 天生的失败者,永远的倒霉蛋。 作词素,构成动词词性后缀(-born),表示“以...的顺序(或方式、地点等)出生的”。举几个有代表性的例子:firstborn 第一个出生的;nobly-born 出身贵族的;French-born/French born 法国出生的;newly-born/newborn 新生的;natural-born 与生俱来的。 作动词,以be born的唯一固定形式仅存在于被动语态,且后面不可接by。这种用法里,辞书工具上一般会强调“请勿使用I born,I have been born或者I am born,应该用I was born。” borne的用法 borne是bear的过去分词形式,主动语态和该词后接by的被动语态只能用borne,而我们知道,这里bear肯定是动词,而不是名词“熊”的意思。 例句:①bear作“怀有(感情,尤指坏心情)”的意思时 He"s borne a grudge against/towards me ever since that day./ He"s borne me a grudge ever since that day. 从那天起他便对我怀恨在心。 ②bear作"生(孩子)"的意思时 She bore him six sons.→She had borne him six sons. 她为他生了六个儿子。An English woman bore him.→He was borne by an English woman. 他是一名英国妇女生下的。His parents bore/(had borne) the child across the mountains. 这孩子的父母在山上生下了他。 ③文学创作中,bear作“(尤指随着风、水或者空气)传送;吹动”的意思时 Wind bore along the sound of music.→The sound of music was borne along on the wind. 乐声随风飘送。 作词素,构成形容词词性后缀(-borne),表示"由...携带的"。例如:water-borne/air-borne diseases 由水/空气传播的疾病 英式英语中作形容词,构成唯一固定短语be borne in on/upon sb,短语尤指“(逐渐被)某人意识到/认识到”,例如:It was gradually borne in on us that defeat was inevitable. 我们逐渐认识到,失败是不可避免的。2023-08-05 03:32:551
bear的两个过去分词的区别
bear的两个过去分词为borne和born1.含义不同。borne adj. (用作复合词)由 ... 传播的;由 ... 传送的。born vbl. 生;负荷, adj. 出生的;与生俱来的.2.用法不同。borne,英语单词,主要用作动词、名词,作动词时译为“忍受;负荷;结果实;生子女(bear的过去分词)”,作名词时译为“(Borne)人名;(德、西、法)博尔内”。3.侧重点不同。在主动语态中,只能用brone. 在带有by的被动语态中要用brone.2023-08-05 03:33:031
bear的两个过去分词的区别
“bear”这个动词的两个过去分词形式“borne”和“born”。1、“Borne”:这是“bear”的过去分词形式,用来表示承受、忍受或支撑。2、“Born”:这是“bear”的另一个过去分词形式,用来表示出生或产生。2023-08-05 03:33:221
Born和borne都是bear的过去分词,但是意思和区别在什么地方?哪个意思是bo
born是支撑的意思,borne是需要的意思,意思略有不同而已2023-08-05 03:33:382
为什么不说 he borned in 1993
he was born in 1993.1993年,他被生出来。即:他出生于1993年。2023-08-05 03:33:462
bear的过去式和过去分词
过去式:bore,过去分词:born/borne。 bear的过去式是bore,过去分词是born 和borne都可以,只是用法有些区别区别一在主动语态中,只能用 borne。如:She has borne him six children. 她给他生了 6 个孩子。她生了一男一女。误:She has born a son and a daughter.正:She has borne a son and a daughter.区别二在带有 by 短语的被动语态中,要用 borne。如:他是一个英国妇女生的。误:He was born by an English woman.正:He was borne by an English woman.区别三用于 be born 表示“出生”时,不用 borne。如:He was born in Beijing on April 15, 1966. 他于 1966 年 4 月 15 日出生在北京。Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这家医院每天有 10 个孩子出生。He was born to [of] wealthy parents. 他出生在有钱人家。He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship. 他生为法国人,但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。有时用于比喻义。如He was born to be a great writer. 他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家。区别四born 有时可用于名词前作定语,表示“天生的”,此时不能用 borne。如:He was a born poet. 他天生是个诗人。区别五若用于“生育”之外的其他意义,其过去分词要用 borne。如:The task is borned on our shoulders. 这任务落在我们的肩上。2023-08-05 03:34:151
born on和born in的区别
born on和born in都是出生于的意思两者之间的区别不如说是on 与in的区别born on后可以加具体某一天born in后可以加年份和地点这二者之间的区别不大,可以根据自己的造句灵活使用。2023-08-05 03:34:501
born on 和 born in 的用法和区别?
born on Sat加明确的时间, born in a rich family/in winter 加时间段2023-08-05 03:35:064
born on 和 born in 的用法和区别?
born on 后面往往接具体的某一日期,某一天。如:I was born on a cold morning . 我出生在一个寒冷的早上。born in 后往往接地点、年份或大地点如: I was born in China。我出生在中国。 I was born in 1980。 我出生在1980年。 I was born in the village. 我出生在农村。2023-08-05 03:35:271
born on 和 born in 的用法和区别?
bebornon表示“在某天出生”,所以用on表示具体的日期。如:HewasbornonSpetmber1st,1990.bebornin表示在不说明具体的日期出生、或者出生在某地;也常常表示出生在什么样的环境和家庭。如:1.Hewasbornin1990.2.HewasborninAmerica.3.Thegirlwasborninaroyalfamily.2023-08-05 03:35:423
born in和born on的区别
in 后跟某年某月或某地on 具体到某一天如He was born in October ,1949.He was born on October 1, 19492023-08-05 03:36:111
born in 和born on的区别
都是出生 的意思born in 地点或某年/月 born on+具体某一天 He was born in Shang hai in1989. He was born on October 1, 1989.2023-08-05 03:37:281
bear的过去式和过去分词
过去式:bore 过去分词:borne 或born2023-08-05 03:37:584
born的原型是什么意思
born 的原形是bear,即“生育”的意思,bear的过去式是bore,过去分词为born.born是一个过去分词作形容词,可以理解为“被生育;出生”. vbl是verbal forms的缩写,即动词的变化形式.2023-08-05 03:38:051
一个英语问题
Bear:过去时bore 过去分词:borne 或 born Tear:过去时tore 过去分词:torn2023-08-05 03:38:142
born的三种形式是什么?
原型:bear,过去式:bore,过去分词:borne/born。bear 英 [beu0259(r)] 美 [ber] n. 熊v. 忍受,负荷,结果,证实,生子女例句:The bear has lived up to his reputation for stupidity.翻译:这只熊果然名不虚传,笨得出奇。短语:bear charges 负担经费近义词abide 英 [u0259"bau026ad] 美 [u0259"bau026ad] v. 遵守,忍受,坚持例句:Once you make a promise, you must abide by it.翻译:一旦你许诺,你必须遵守你的诺言。短语:abide a person 屈从一个人2023-08-05 03:38:481
born的过去式和过去分词
好象born就是bear的过去式和过去分词呢2023-08-05 03:39:148
My mom has borne four children.
borne 是 bear (生育) 的过去分词,属于及物动词,My mom has borne four children 意思是 “我妈妈生过四个孩子”。2023-08-05 03:39:592
bear的过去分词
区别一在主动语态中,只能用 borne。如:She has borne him six children. 她给他生了 6 个孩子。她生了一男一女。误:She has born a son and a daughter.正:She has borne a son and a daughter.区别二在带有 by 短语的被动语态中,要用 borne。如:他是一个英国妇女生的。误:He was born by an English woman.正:He was borne by an English woman.区别三用于 be born 表示“出生”时,不用 borne。如:He was born in Beijing on April 15, 1966. 他于 1966 年 4 月 15 日出生在北京。Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这家医院每天有 10 个孩子出生。He was born to [of] wealthy parents. 他出生在有钱人家。He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship. 他生为法国人,但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。有时用于比喻义。如:He was born to be a great writer. 他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家。区别四born 有时可用于名词前作定语,表示“天生的”,此时不能用 borne。如:He was a born poet. 他天生是个诗人。区别五若用于“生育”之外的其他意义,其过去分词要用 borne。如:The task is borned on our shoulders. 这任务落在我们的肩上。2023-08-05 03:40:071
bear 被动语态的用法:
bear的过去分词有born和borne两种:其中,过去分词borne作‘生育"解时不用于被动语态.如bear a child生孩子→She has borne me a child.她给我生了个孩子。而born则仅用于被动语态: She was born in 1954. 她生于1954年.由此可见,你的第一个句子形式上既然是被动了,那他就不是作“生育”来解;第二个则是的。2023-08-05 03:40:172
borne怎么读
borne[英][bɔ:n][美][bɔrn, born]adj.(用于复合词)由…携带的,由…运载的; v.需要( bear的过去分词 ); 具有; 推动; 传达; 与出生“born”音同汉语因类似“报恩”希望我的回答能够帮助你,谢谢!2023-08-05 03:40:242
帮忙辨析下面的几组单词吧,谢谢!
blonde, blond Because these are borrowed from French there is a feminine and masculine form. Blonde is feminine and blond is masculine. bore, boar, boor Bore as a noun is a boring or tiresome person, or something that you don"t like doing; boar is a male pig; boor is a vulgar person. board, bored Board is a long sheet of wood, also a group of people as in “Board of Directors”, and as a verb means to go onto a ship, plane or other form of public transport; bored means not interested. born, borne Born is always the beginning of life, borne means carried. “I was born in the middle of a particularly severe winter.” “The logs were borne down the river to the mill.” bought, brought Bought is the past tense of buy, brought is the past tense of bring. So, I bought (paid for) a load of topsoil, and a truck driver brought (delivered) it to my home. braise, braze Braise means to cook slowly in liquid (usually meat); braze most commonly means to solder with an alloy of copper and zinc. brake, break Brake means to stop; break means to smash. bridal, bridle Bridal has to do with brides and weddings; bridle as a noun means a halter or restraint; as a verb it means to restrain or to draw oneself up in anger. by, buy, bye By is a preposition meaning next to; buy means purchase; bye means farewell or good-bye. canvas, canvass Canvas is cloth or fabric; canvass means to seek votes, to survey, to sell door-to-door. 查了好久才找全的,如果满意,请采纳哈,谢谢!2023-08-05 03:40:311
bear的过去分词是borne还是born
是 borne borne [b00:n] vbl. 生,负荷(动词bear的过去分词)adj. (用作复合词)由 ... 传播的,由 ... 传送的 如果满意请采纳2023-08-05 03:40:381
bear 被动语态的用法:
born与borne区别一在主动语态中,只能用borne。如:Shehasbornehimsixchildren.她给他生了6个孩子。她生了一男一女。误:Shehasbornasonandadaughter.正:Shehasborneasonandadaughter.区别二在带有by短语的被动语态中,要用borne。如:他是一个英国妇女生的。误:HewasbornbyanEnglishwoman.正:HewasbornebyanEnglishwoman.区别三用于beborn表示“出生”时,不用borne。如:HewasborninBeijingonApril15,1966.他于1966年4月15日出生在北京。Tenchildrenareborninthishospitaleveryday.这家医院每天有10个孩子出生。Hewasbornto[of]wealthyparents.他出生在有钱人家。HewasbornFrench,butlatertookCanadiancitizenship.他生为法国人,但后来取得了加拿大的公民身份。有时用于比喻义。如:Hewasborntobeagreatwriter.他生来就注定是一个伟大的作家。区别四born有时可用于名词前作定语,表示“天生的”,此时不能用borne。如:Hewasabornpoet.他天生是个诗人。区别五若用于“生育”之外的其他意义,其过去分词要用borne。如:Thetaskisbornedonourshoulders.这任务落在我们的肩上。应该能解答你的疑问了。2023-08-05 03:40:451
born是不是及物动词
born本身是形容词,有以下几个意思:(adj.)1.出生的;出身于…的。2.生来就…的,命中注定的。3.天生的;有天才的。 你指的应该是bear(vt.)的过去分词型态bear 的过去式为 bore,过去分词为 borne,但作「生,生育」(to give birth) 之意时,它的过去分词则有两种型态:born 和 borne当bear 意为「出生」时,born都用在没有 by 的被动态且当分词形容词用,如 He was bornin Japan. (他在日本出生) 当bear 意为「生,生育」时,borne仅当过去分词用,主词都是 mother,woman 或she,如The woman has borne three sons. (这位女人已生了三个儿子)2023-08-05 03:41:041
bear的过去分词是borne还是born
是 borne borne [b00:n] vbl. 生,负荷(动词bear的过去分词)adj. (用作复合词)由 ... 传播的,由 ... 传送的 如果满意请采纳2023-08-05 03:41:261
bear的过去分词是born还是borne?
是born。2023-08-05 03:41:471
高考英语语法复习系列讲座-动词词义辨析
语法复习九:动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指:1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如: explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如: give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 (一)易混动词 1、lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎): 放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词 躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词 说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词 2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。 3、hear与listen to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 4、see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。) 5、wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 6、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7、hear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。 8、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。 10、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。 11、steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。 14、shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如: Shut your mouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。 15、answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。 16、reach,arrive与get to:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如It takes me three hours to finish this work. 18、lost, gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用 lost, gone,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing. 19、have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如: I dress my children in the morning every day. 20、begin与start begin与Start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如: we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21、allow 与permit allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit. 22、find与found find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如: The People"s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 23、speak, say, talk 与tell 英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was broken. It couldn"t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如: The father always speaks well of his son.。 24、excuse me 与sorry excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25、care for 与care to do care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如: Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。 26、与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。 28、动词 + 副词 + 介词:catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with … 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有:come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to … 30、与in相结合的动词有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in … (二)动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点: 1、根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。 注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如: She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词+介词(及物) I"m looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:She"s got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①hear from收到…的来信,hear of听说。 ②look after照料,look at看,look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:look for寻找, call for去取(某物),去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:①break out发生,爆炸, carry out进行,开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。 动词词义辨析检测练习 1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words. A. point B.speak C.say D.tell 2.I ____ you will write me back soon. A. wish B.hope C.want D.need 3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him. A. spend B. spare C.save D. share 4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away. A. have B.let C. agree D. allow 5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy. A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run 6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car. A. send B.pick C.ride D.take 7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work. A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives 8.1 don"t know the restaurant, but it"s____ to be quite a good one. A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you"d better____ them for her. A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch 10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____. A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut 11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents. A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results 12. I"ve____my umbrella in the office and I"ll have to fetch it. A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost 13 .The doctor says a few days" rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good. A. make B.do C.give D.get 14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question. A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran 15. The cooking chicken ____ very good. A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes 16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age. A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive 17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life. A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost 18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam. A. like B. expect C. think D.need 19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination. A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished 20. I"m afraid Mr Brown isn"t in. Would you like to____a message? A.give B.leave C.carry D.take 21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat? A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on 22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt. A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy 23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study. A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent 24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital. A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent 25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music. A. be B. should be C.was D. would be 26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan. A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent 27.I ____ play football than basketball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 28. - What are you doing? - I"m looking____ the children. They should be back for lunch now. A.after B.at C.for D.up 29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather. A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down 30.I really don"t want to go to the party, but I don"t see how I can ____ it. A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off 31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through 32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World"s Seventh Wonder. A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on 33.1 can" t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little. A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up 34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____. A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up 35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once. A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up 36. I"m going to a pop concert with Tom. He"ll ____ me at eight and we"ll go there togethe; A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up 37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____. A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out 38. Your composition must be ____ after class. A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over 39. A new school was ____ in the village last year. A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up 40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o"clock. A. take off" B. take up C. take away D. take place 41. ____! There"s danger ahead. A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out 42.Let"s____ to clean the house. It"s too dirty. A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down 43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing. A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on 44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America. A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 45. He had to ____ his father"s business after his death, though he didn"t really want to continue it. A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on 46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking away from 47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields. A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in 48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees. A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away 49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and ____ the tools. A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after 50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it. A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through 1-5 DBBDA 6-10 CAABA 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 CDBDB 21-25 AADAC 26-30 AACAB 31-35 CDCBC 36-40 ADCBA 41-45 DBDAD 46-50 BDCAD2023-08-05 03:42:461
动词不定式和动词ing的区别是什么?因为他们都可以做主语和宾语
to do主要用来表示一次性具体性将要发生性的行为。其逻辑主语暗中有所指。doing主要用来表示经常性习惯性抽象性发生的行为。其逻辑主语暗中无所指。To play with fire is dangerous.指有人要玩火。将要发生性playing with fire is dangerous.教育性宣传。抽象性To see is to believe.指有人要撒谎。一次性将要发生性Seeing is believing.教育性宣传。经常性抽象性。I like to swim in the river.一次具体性I like swimming.经常性反复性2023-08-05 03:42:553
学英语最先要学什么
重要单词,重要常用的语法2023-08-05 03:43:113
动词不定式和动词ing在做表语时有什么区别
动名词作表语常表示【泛指】,而动词不定式作表语表示【特指,往往指将来行为】如:Her job is looking after the patients.Her job this afternoon is to look after the baby.2023-08-05 03:43:192
语法问题
[Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940,author Bharati Mukherjee has] lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers" Workshop.(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati 答:C译:作家BM,1940年生于加尔各答,1988年入美国籍。她在英国和加拿大生活过。1961年初次来到美国进衣阿华作家创作室学习。析:since与完成式连用,且时序颠倒, 排除A选项B代词she先于Bharati Mukherjee 不爽,且前一分句时序仍是颠倒,很不爽。译出来“88年入了美国籍之后,也40年出生了。时空穿越吗?排除B选项D的第一个being纯属多余in 1940应当用过去分词而不用现在分词完成式,since应与完成式连用, 排除E正确选项C用了Done,s v o;s v1 and v2.句子逻辑清晰,易懂。 问:对于A项,我的疑问是1)A如果还原后句子是不是:author is being a United States citizen since 1988 and was born in Calcutta in 1940 ???答:不是。应是:As she was a United States citizen since 1988 and was born in Calcutta in 1940, .... 分词短语作状语,应还原成相应的状语从句。 不管是你的is being 还是我的was ..,与since 1988都扭不在一起。be作“是”解释,是没有进行时态的。2)being和born为何不能平行,这里being后面接的名词,而不是形容词,感觉更像动名词而不像现在分词,是因为这个关系吗?答:不是现在分词短语和过去分词短语不能并列,而是since 1988这个时间状语决定了前一分词不能用一般式。还有时序填倒等等问题。另这个being 不可能是动名词,be后面接形容词和接名词,都是系表结构。(He is clever; He is a student.), 动名词是相当于名词的。只能理解成两个分词短语并列,作状语。3)看有的解释说正确选项C,born 是being born的省略,我并不认同,因为OG的解释是being born是反复的动作,而bron是瞬间动词,我的理解是bron就是过去分词,如果还原直接是句子主语作逻辑主语,author was born in Calcutta in 1940,不知这样的理解是否正确?答:born 是过去分词,且不表示动作,表动作的过去分词是borne 如She has borne 3 children. born只能作表语,表状态。它不是being born的省略。后才为现在分词。当然如果是形容词的话,是需要being 的,如Being ill, she couldn"t come to school. 一般不能只用ill, ...,尽管这里的born与ill一样是作形容词用的。便born的本质是过去分词。 你的理解正确。OG是谁?乱讲! ETS的解释:C is best. The first clause presents its information clearly and in logical sequence. The use of a semicolon to set apart the remaining information further assists the clarity of the sentence. In A, the phrase Being... and born violates parallelism and oddly presents its information in reverse chronological order. Choice B illogically suggests that upon her birth in 1940, Mukherjee had already been a United States citizen since 1988. In D and E, the use of progressive forms (Being born, having been. Having been born, and being) implies continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented. Also, these forms do not establish a logical time sequence, suggesting, for example, that Mukherjee had been a United States citizen before she lived in England and Canada and first came to the United States.2023-08-05 03:43:541
【英语】求这些词的过去分词。(不要过去式) 例: 1.born
1born2beat/beaten3blown4broken5chosen6drawn7driven8eaten9fallen10flown11given12gone13grown14hidden15lain16mistaken17riden2023-08-05 03:44:074
When was she born?后面的born为什的么是原型,不是borns或者boaring
be born出生固定词组2023-08-05 03:44:155
born 的过去式是甚么
Wrong! born 本身已是past participle. It es from "bear". Also it must be passive because you can not exist in this world without your mum right? Therefore the correct one should be "I was born in Hong Kong." ------Information from Yahoo Dictionary----- bear1 动变: bore; borne born; bearing bear2 名复: bears 动变: bore; borne born; bearing bear1 KK: [] DJ: [] vt. 1. 支持 承受;承担 Mrs. Ann Bader bears all expenses. 安妮u2027巴德太太承担一切费用。 2. 运送;携带;带走[O] 3. 忍受;经得起[+to-v][+v-ing][+that][O2] He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him. 他受不了朋友们竟也嘲笑他。 I can"t bear to see you like this. 我不忍见你这样。 I don"t feel very well. I can"t bear this weather. 我感到不太舒服。我受不了这种天气。 4. 容许 5. 佩带;拥有;具有 6. 写有 印有 带有 Her face bore signs of tears. 她的脸上带着泪痕。 7. 怀有 对...抱有[O1][(+for/against)] 8. 生(小孩)[O1];开(花);结(果) She has borne five children. 她生了五个孩子。 9. 产(庄稼);生(利息) 10. 值得 需要 11. (与oneself连用)表现[O] vi. 1. 承受重量(或压力) Those bamboo beams will not bear. 这几根竹制的横梁承受不住压力。 2. 用力推(或挤 压) 3. 开花结果 Our apple trees will bear well this year. 今年我们的苹果树会结许多果实。 4. (依一定方向)延伸 bear2 KK: [] DJ: [] n.[C] 1. 熊;似熊的动物 2. 鲁莽的人;笨拙的人 3. 【美】【俚】佼佼者 He is a bear at mathematics. 他是个数学天才。 4. (股市中)做空头者;(对行情)看跌者 vt. 1. 通过卖空使行情下跌 vi. 1. 做空头 a. 1. 卖空的 行情下跌的[Z][B] 参考: me + .dictionary.yahoo/search?s=bear&t=v I borned in Hong Kong. 这句句子是不对的。 因为born已经是过去式了... 句子是:I was born in Hong Kong. 不对 因为born已经是过去式 参考: me born –adjective 1. brought forth by birth. 2. possessing from birth the quality circumstances or character stated: "a born musician; a born fool." 3. native to the locale stated; immigrated to the present place from the locale stated: "a German-born scientist; a Chicago-born New Yorker." –verb 4. a pp. of bear. —Idiom 5. born yesterday naive; inexperienced: "You can"t fool me with that old trick—I wasn"t born yesterday." 你用的 born 是 adjective [ I was born in HK ] "I borned in Hong Kong." - 这句不对. Born 已经是 past tense 过去式 (现在式 present tense是 bear) 所以我在中国香港出生应该是﹐ "I was born in Hong Kong." 参考: Myself born (bear的过去分词) a.[Z] 1. 出生的 诞生的;产生的[F] The baby was born last Friday. 孩子是上星期五生的。 2. 天生的 生来就有的[+to-v] She was considered a born movie star. 她被看成是天生的电影明星。 She was born to succeed. 她注定会成功的。 I borned in Hong Kong.应改为I born in Hong Kong. 2007-05-22 09:37:49 补充: 应改为I was born in Hong Kong.sorry!! 参考: .dictionary.yahoo/search?q=1&s=born+&Submit=+%ACd%A6r+ BORN是BEAR 的过去分词 I was borned in Hong Kong. 才对 2007-05-22 09:34:48 补充: sorI was born in Hong Kong. 才对2023-08-05 03:44:421
50对读音一样拼写不一样的单词
allowed, aloud altar, alter ate, eight auger, augur baize, bays bald, bawled ball, bawl band, banned bard, barred bare, bear bark, barque baron, barren base, bass bay, bey bazaar, bizarre be, bee beach, beech bean, been beat, beet beau, bow beer, bier bel, bell, belle berry, bury berth, birth bight, bite, byte billed, build bitten, bittern blew, blue bloc, block boar, bore board, bored boarder, border bold, bowled boos, booze born, borne bough, bow boy, buoy brae, bray braid, brayed braise, brays, braze brake, break bread, bred brews, bruise cast, caste caster, castor caught, court caw, core, corps cede, seed ceiling, sealing cell, sell censer, censor, sensor cent, scent, sent cereal, serial cheap, cheep check, cheque choir, quire chord, cord cite, sight, site clack, claque clew, clue climb, clime close, cloze coal, kohl coarse, course coign, coin colonel, kernel complacent, complaisant complement, compliment coo, coup cops, copse council, counsel cousin, cozen creak, creek crews, cruise cue, kyu, queue curb, kerb currant, current cymbol, symbol dam, damn days, daze dear, deer descent, dissent desert, dessert deviser, divisor dew, due die, dye discreet, discrete doe, doh, dough done, dun douse, dowse draft, draught dual, duel earn, urn eery, eyrie ewe, yew, you faint, feint fah, far fair, fare farther, father fate, fête faun, fawn fay, fey faze, phase feat, feet ferrule, ferule few, phew fie, phi file, phial find, fined fir, fur fizz, phiz flair, flare furs, furze2023-08-05 03:44:511
born 的名词形式什么什么
楼上正解2023-08-05 03:45:066
英文中bear bore born是什么意思?
born 的原形是bear,即“生育”的意思, 如果觉得满意请在右上角选为满意答案,您的支持是我最大的动力,谢谢2023-08-05 03:45:222
suffer,bear,stand的区别以及各用法
简洁明了才是王道stand最常用,一般的忍受,可以和put up with互换。I can"t stand you.=I can"t put up with you.我再也受不了你了。bear的语气更强烈一些,特指承受生活重担之受。He can bear the heavy burden of life.他承受不了生活的重担。suffer的语气也比较强烈,不过很多时候会指精神上无法忍受。I can"t suffer the pain in my heart.我无法忍受内心的痛楚。2023-08-05 03:45:321
born 系 adjective 定 verb
更新1: to sandy: why? Born 在这句子是 verb 只是应用在 passive voice. “born” is past participle of “bear”. Born 在这句子不是 adjective. 虽然 born 这个字可以做 adjective. Bear (verb) 生孩子 bore (past tense) born borne (past participle) Bear (verb) 忍受 负荷 运送 携带 bore (past tense) borne (past participle) His wife bore him o children. 他妻子替他生两个孩子 (active voice) be born 出生 (verb in passive voice) - When a person or animal was born they came out of their mother"s body and started to exist. He was born in 1980. 他是1980年出生. Steve Wonder was born blind. (was born + adjective) Yo-Yo Ma was born into a very musical family. was born ….correct (have/has been born am/is born ~ wrong) Born is Verb. Example : I born in 1997 in Hong Kong 发问者: Godfrey(回答者) 已经解释得很清楚了. 孩子都是由其母亲生出来的 而"出生" 是过去某一时刻的动作 所以要用past tense 和passive voice. e.g. She was born in 1997. 2011-05-06 19:32:53 补充: Simon the question relates to passive verb-form. For your information passive verb-forms are made with the different tenses of "verb to be" followed by a past participle. My wordings "past tense and passive voice" illustrated this sentense"s construction. 2011-05-06 20:03:01 补充: typing mistake: sentense"s -----> sentence"s Chan was born in Hong Kong. Born 在这句子是 verb 只是应用在 passive voice. “born” is past participle of “bear”. Born 在这句子不是 adjective. 虽然 born 这个字可以做 adjective. Bear (verb) 生孩子 bore (past tense) born borne (past participle) Bear (verb) 忍受 负荷 运送 携带 bore (past tense) borne (past participle) His wife bore him o children. 他妻子替他生两个孩子 (active voice) be born 出生 (verb in passive voice) - When a person or animal was born they came out of their mother"s body and started to exist. He was born in 1980. 他是1980年出生. Steve Wonder was born blind. (was born + adjective) Yo-Yo Ma was born into a very musical family. was born ….correct (have/has been born am/is born ~ wrong) 当 born 是 adjective 解释是: 天生的 多数应用在noun 前面 born + noun born leader 天生的领袖 - someone who has a strong natural ability to lead. born loser - someone who always seems to have bad things happen to them bear另外解释是: 忍受 负荷. 携带 (past participle 是 borne 不是 born) I can"t bear it anymore. 参考: Longman English Dictionary to me born is adj while "was" is verb. 虽然主动句BORN的动词转去被动式BE(is/am/are/was/were) + born. 好似WAS BORN 系动词 但事实上不是. 呢个同he walks.转去进行式he is walking.相似. ;"walking " is adj. while "is " is verb. 呢度walking is present participle while born is past participle they act as adj too. 2011-05-06 10:34:29 补充: 人地都唔系问系米用PAST TENSE /PASSIVE VOICE! 如果系was born 咁born就系past participle.而past participle系由bear(verb)转过黎 所以就系verbthat is:bear (忍受)basic word form: bearpast tense: borepast participle: born(actually it"s my own thinking..) if i refer to google dictionary born can be verb or adjective... verb: 出生;出世 adjective: 天生(有某方面才能)的 但我认为是verb… hope can help you:) 参考: google dictionary own knowledge(: born 系 adjective2023-08-05 03:45:401
西欧封建社会统治的特点
特点: 1、以土地分封为基础形成了金字塔式的封建等级制度。最高统治者是国王,下面是大大小小的封建主,处在社会最底层的是农奴和其他劳动人民。 2、以封建主为核心的庄园经济占主导地位。土地是当时最重要的财富。 3、发展缓慢。封建等级制度暂时加强了王权,但也潜藏着一种离心力。那就是原来的封地渐渐变成了大大小小的封建主的世袭领地,地方割据势力越来越强大,致使王权削弱,争夺土地的战争接连不断,社会动荡不安,所以整个欧洲封建社会发展进程十分缓慢。 4、基督教会在西欧封建社会占有统治地位。教会占有大量的地产,是欧洲最大的封建土地所有者。教会还长期垄断西欧封建社会的文化与教育,对人民进行精神统治,是西欧封建社会的精神支柱。 另一种特点说法: 西欧封建制度的核心内容是西欧封建等级制度,国王、封建主和基督教会通过层层采邑分封建立起依次互为主从的金字塔般的封建等级制度。这个制度有两根主要支柱——封建庄园和教会神权。封建庄园是经济支柱。它建立起以土地为纽带的封建主与附庸之间的关系,领主有责任保护附庸,附庸也有义务效忠,随时去前线作战,这样大大提高了国家的战斗力,也加强了中小封建主阶层,是西欧封建骑士制度的基础。教会神权是精神支柱。在整个中古时期,罗马天主教在经济上占据当时西欧土地的三分之一,政治上与世俗王权分庭抗礼,在思想文化方面形成一元垄断,可谓是处于一种万流归宗的地位。正是在整个中古时期教会对西欧的政治、经济、思想文化的影响深远重大,以至于以后西欧中出现的文艺复兴、宗教改革、资产阶级革命等重大事件,无不与教会有关。2023-08-05 03:33:381
分数乘法法则有哪些?
1、分数乘整数,分母不变,分子乘整数,最后能约分的要约分。例:2、分数乘分数,用分子乘分子,用分母乘分母,最后能约分的要约分。例:3、分数除以整数,分母不变,如果分子是整数的倍数,则用分子除以整数,最后能约分的要约分。例:4、分数除以整数,分母不变,如果分子不是整数的倍数,则用这个分数乘这个整数的倒数,最后能约分的要约分。例:5、分数除以分数,等于被除数乘除数的倒数,最后能约分的要约分。例:分数表示一个数是另一个数的几分之几,或一个事件与所有事件的比例。把单位“1”平均分成若干份,表示这样的一份或几份的数叫分数。扩展资料:小学阶段与小学阶段以后的分数定义有所不同,小学阶段7/7、12/6等都姑且视为分数。但实际上,只有不等于整数的有理数才是分数,所以7/7、12/6等都不是分数。把单位“1”平均分成若干份,表示这样的一份或几份的数叫做真分数如:3/8或2/5,也可能成为假分数,也就是分子大于或者等于分母,例如8/3。分母表示把一个物体平均分成几份,分子表示取了其中的几份。分子在上,分母在下,也可以把它当做除法来看,用分子除以分母(因0在除法不能做除数,所以分母不能为0),相反除法也可以改为用分数表示。2023-08-05 03:33:471
中世纪西欧封建制度
主要是领主制度跟中国的大地主门阀差不多不过国王并没有很大的权利2023-08-05 03:33:481
分数乘分数的意义是?
分数乘整数的意义是求几个相同加数的和的简便运算.分数乘分数的意义是求这个数的几分之几是多少2023-08-05 03:33:532
西欧中世纪的政教冲突
在长达12世纪的西欧封建社会中,教会权与王权孰强孰弱不是一成不变的,而是在斗争中呈现互有消长的马鞍型;最初是教会权从属于王权,继之是教会权凌驾于王权之上,随后是教会权走向衰落和专制王权的崛起。当罗马教宗的权力向天主教各教区延伸的时候,以国王为首的世俗权力也要求对所在地区的教会行使权力,这样就产生了如何调整教会权与王权关系的问题。涉及这一问题的理论,首推教宗杰拉西乌斯一世在公元5世纪提出的“双剑说”,即一支剑象征着最高的宗教权力,由上帝交给教宗执掌;另一支剑象征着最高的世俗权力,由上帝交给皇帝执掌;双剑论问世的时候,正是拜占廷王国把持教会权力的时代,此时的教皇从政治地位上只是皇帝统治下的臣民,还难以在教会事务中与皇帝抗衡。在这种历史条件下提出的双剑理论,不仅含有排斥帝国皇帝统治教会事务的意味,而且也使“君权神授”的观念显露端倪。公元751年以后,政治形势发生了变化,拜占廷皇帝失去了对中部意大利的控制。教宗斯蒂芬二世借机提出了接替拜占廷统治意大利的要求。为了替教宗的领土要求提出理论依据,罗马教会伪造了一份文件——“君士坦丁的赠礼”。从当时的政治形势看,罗马教会伪造这份文件的目的恐怕不仅仅是为了得到意大利中部的领土,而是为了得到对整个帝国西部的世俗统治权。在11世纪下半叶之前,王权在与教会权的相互关系中占据着绝对有利的地位,王权把持着教会权,国王为了加强和巩固封建集权统治,获得教会的支持,加强了与教会的联盟,达到了集权统治的目的,但同时又使教会的权势在王权 的支持下扩大了,成为封建统治集团中较强大的政治势力。以法兰克和德意志为例:8世纪中叶,矮子丕平为了篡位,用加洛林王朝取代墨洛温王朝,需要罗马教会给以政治上的支持,为其篡位提供了理论依据。而与矮子丕平为代表的大封建阶级有着类似经济基础和相同政治利益的罗马教会,要摆脱长期以来所受的拜占廷皇帝的控制,消除伦巴德人入侵的威胁,需要寻求新的世俗君主给予军事上的帮助。各自的需要建立起了西欧王权与教会权的最初联盟。借助于这个联盟,天主教逐渐抬头,并靠“丕平献土”建立起了教宗国。教宗由单纯的天主教世界的精神领袖兼任世俗君主,并消除了伦巴德人的威胁,摆脱了拜占廷皇帝的控制,压制了罗马贵族的叛乱。矮子丕平及其继承人也依靠这个联盟不仅当上了法兰克国王,而且将势力扩展意大利,做了罗马人皇帝,成了西罗马帝国传统的合法继承者,可与拜占廷皇帝平起平坐,但是,这个联盟虽然使双方受益,但联盟的主导者仍是王权而非教会权。到查理大帝统治时期,主教和修道院长的任命完全由他一人决定。查理曼之后,主教的任命已成为国王独有的特权,推选教皇的权利原操在罗马城教士和教友手中,但在查理曼统治时已成为世俗政权控制。10世纪初,德皇利用教会加强和巩固集权统治,实行“奥托特恩权”,因此加强了与罗马教会的联盟,并支持罗马,教会的改革。罗马教会的改革是中世纪基督教教会权增长的起点。教会权的增长是以削弱王权的集权为代价的,必导致王权与教会权的摩擦,加剧了地方封建势力与王权的冲突。德意志王位是因反对外部敌人这一共同利益的需要而被确立、承认的,一旦这种外部威胁减弱或消除时,这个共同利益也就不再存在,就出现各大公爵企图扩大势力与王权相对抗的局面,奥托一世即位后,曾多次经历了氏族公爵的一再反叛,促使其承袭查理大帝的教会改革,培植教会势力,以削弱世俗大公爵的势力,奥托完全垄断了教会权力,重要教区的大主教由奥托的直系亲属担任,不仅教区内的宗教事务,同时还被委任执行国家权力,广泛地参与国家的重大事务,掌握司法大权的重任,即“奥托特恩权”。奥托把主教纳入官职的等级制度中,因主教制没有组成一个世袭家族的危险,减小了对王权的威胁,加强了王权的核心。因王权集权的需要,奥托二世建立了国家教会制,这种教会制还是在王权的控制下。如前所述,封建统治者对天主教会之所以大加干涉和控制,是因为天主教会及其教士在实现封建化,完善封建制的过程中能够起到无法替代的作用。例如,加洛林王朝实行的是伯爵辖区制的行政制度,而代表王权的地方行政长官伯爵则多是当地大封建主,他们有很强的自主性。为了严密控制他们,查理曼就借助于教会力量,在实行伯爵辖区制的同时设立主教区,给予主教在辖区范围内的司法权,以限制和削弱伯爵的权限。不仅如此,他还派遣宫廷教士和官员担任“巡阅使”,全权代表王权监督和阻止地方官员对土地的贪婪。教会和教士在封建化过程中被赋予的这种重要的职能,使其获得了相应的社会地位和国王的大量增予及权益。正如查理曼所说:“凭那份进款和那份地产,凭那所修道院和那所教堂,我就可以使得某个臣属效忠。”而这些主教和修道院长同样要为国王提供兵役、徭役和宫廷所需物品。世俗大地主阶级和教会是法兰克国家的两大支柱。这种统治格局对西欧封建统治权的发展有着极为重要的影响。教会的国家机构职能,必然强化王权对教会的控制。首先,查理曼以王权对教会圣职的任免取代宗教法规规定的教会选举权,随时罢免他认为不称职、不符合王权利益的主教。在德意志地区,圣职的授职权,一直是王权的属性。教会是王权实行统治的一个支柱。其次,王权还控制着教会对内外的立法。再次,为了防止主教因地产和权势的增长而危害王权,查理以教会法规来束缚教士的生活,很显然,法兰克的君主把罗马天主教看成是可以强化君权、维护君权统治的一种力量。在西欧封建化的过程中,教会权的低落,不仅体现在教会权与王权的关系上,而且还表现在教宗对其世袭领地教宗国治理的失控。9—10世纪,教皇国的管理体制被打乱了,各地豪族如堡主、伯爵各自为政,教皇统治权变得有名无实,迫于压力,教皇开始把地产长期租借给他们。如果说当初教会获得独立的权力只是为了自我保持的话,那么后来当教会的权力发展到足以与世俗王权相抗衡的时候,控制和支配整个国家的欲望则成为教会权力的目的。到11世纪中期,随着王权的进一步强化和教会权力向世俗国家的渗透,并已成为国家的支配势力的时候,教宗与世俗皇帝的对抗达到顶峰。一方面,教宗认为他具有至高无上的权威,另一方面,国王认为他才是国家的最高统治者。西欧中世纪,在教会权与王权争夺最高领导权和充当世界霸主的斗争中。教会权摆脱其不利的地位是从11世纪下半叶开始的。发生这一改变的深层次原因当然是天主教会在王权的阴影下不断扩大统治范围,使西欧天主教化,并逐步获取天主教世界管理权的结果;其直接原因则是教会改革运动克吕尼运动深入发展的结果,克吕尼运动始于10世纪的克吕尼修道院,到11世纪下半叶逐成燎原之势,其核心人物格里高利七世、利奥九世等人。利奥九世上台后,他要依靠教宗的权势,在罗马教廷巩固自己尚不稳固的地位,就先要把国家教会制带进罗马教廷。亨利三世统治时期,在王权的集权统治下,诸侯与王权的矛盾已不断的激化,逐渐形成了一股潜在的反对王权的地方势力,1056年,亨利三世卒然去世,其子亨利四世年仅6岁,皇后阿戈尼斯摄政,软弱无力。各大公爵瓜分了皇室的领地,满载亨利三世的支持下,开始了自上而下的教会改革,国家教会制得到充分发展,培植了教会封建主阶层,教俗封建主对德意志皇室领地和政治权利的瓜分,大大削弱了皇权的集权统治。格里高利七世扩大教宗的权威和亨利四世重建德皇的集权,是不可调和的矛盾的两个方面。国家教会制是德意志皇权进行统治的一个支柱,也正是国家教会制培植了一批具有丰厚经济实力的教会贵族,他们瓜分了皇室的权力,动摇了皇权集中的基础。格里高利七世扩大教宗的权威和亨利四世重建德皇的集权是不可调和的矛盾的两个方面,在政教之间以争夺主教授职权为主要内容的公开的斗争中,德意志的教俗贵族因自身利益而支持罗马教皇。德意志皇帝被教宗所废黜,德皇的被迫忏悔,在理论上削弱了王权的权威性。以克吕尼运动为代表的教会改革运动到11世纪下半叶取得了极为重要的成果。在主教职权的斗争中,教会权从王权手中赢得了来之不易的胜利,拥有圣职任命的发言权,从而使神职人员(主教、大主教、修道院长)与世俗贵族相分离,杜绝了圣职买卖的弊端,通过斗争的胜利,教会权愈益强化,达到了历史上从未有过的高度,教会权至上说由神学理论变成了社会的政治实践,教宗成了居于西欧诸王之上的主宰教会权与王权的强势人物,西欧各国一切重大事务都必须得到教宗的同意。13世纪初,教宗英诺森三世动员欧洲各国教会法学家帮助确立“教权至上的地位”。 他策动了第四次十字军东侵,攻陷了君士坦丁堡,组织了镇压法国南部阿尔比派的十字军。在教会内部,他实行专制统治。他运用政治手腕,利用德国混乱的政局,左右神圣罗马帝国的选举。在法国,他迫使势力强大的法王腓力二世就范,被迫同废后英格堡复婚。阿拉贡的彼德、莱昂的阿方索九世,葡萄牙国王桑乔,波兰国王拉季斯拉夫,都被迫匍伏于他的脚下。教权此时如日中天,盛极一时。但英诺森三世以后的50年间,虽然教宗们继续努力捍卫教权,但由于时事的变易,教会权在与王权的较量中无可奈何地滑向低谷。卜尼法斯八世虽然力图步英诺森三世的后尘,重建逐渐丧失的教宗最高统治权。但在与法王腓力四世的斗争中死去,严重削弱了教会权,而对正在崛起的王权则十分有利。从长达半个多世纪的阿维农之囚开始,教会权更是一蹶不振,直到席卷整个欧洲的宗教改革把罗马天主教对西欧统治的一统天下彻底打破。以上表明,中世纪西欧教会权与王权的关系,根本就不存在一个教会权凌驾于王权之上的永恒现象,客观实际是教会权与王权两者在相互联合和斗争中因世事的变易而彼此消长。中世纪的西欧,教会权与王权的关系,不仅从时间上考察彼此在斗争中互相消长,而且从空间上考察这种消长在各国各地区也不是铁板一块、完全一致的。在刚刚步入封建社会之时,新建的诸日耳曼王国中,只有西罗马帝国的原居民罗马高卢人信奉罗马基督教,新入主的日耳曼各族均信奉原始多神教或阿里乌斯派基督教,罗马派基督教不仅对这些蛮族新王国无法施加影响,反而被新的主人视为罗马帝国的同路人而屡遭打击。面对这一新的情况,虽然以格利哥里一世为代表的一批执着于罗马基督教事业的教会人士不遗余力地采取各种手段来强化和扩大教会的势力,并且也取得了显著的成效,最终使整个西欧天主教化,但是,这一过程不仅充满了艰辛和反复,而且在各地发展也极不平衡。英格兰接受天主教就并非一帆风顺,而是随着国王的更替几经反复后才终成正果。西北欧的乌特勒支、弗里西亚到8世纪才逐渐天主教化,至于萨克森人,他们反对法兰克人的征服,因此也敌视他们的宗教。真到772年至803年查理大帝发动一系列战争,最终迫使萨克森人臣服时,萨克森才皈依了天主教,斯堪的纳维亚各国以及摩拉维亚、波希米亚于10至11世纪才缓慢地天主教化。在这些国家和地区,天主教化的路程尚未走完时,教会权是无法凌驾于王权之上的,相反,教会权威的确立完全仰仗于王权的支撑。并且,还由于天主教化进程的不一,天主教会的权威在同一时期内在不同地区理所当然的也有强弱之别。2023-08-05 03:33:551
西欧封建社会的政治特点以及形成原因是什么
西欧封建制度是中古欧洲历史的一项核心内容,而西欧封建制度的核心内容是西欧封建等级制度。在整个中古时期,罗马天主教在经济上占据当时西欧土地的三分之一,政治上与世俗王权分庭抗礼,在思想文化方面形成一元垄断,可谓是处于一种万流归宗的地位。城市是文明形成的一个重要标志,西方文明与东方文明在许多方面存在着明显的差异,其根源因素有很多就是城市造成的。拜占廷帝国是一个曾经辉煌的古老文明,在如何面对新的环境挑战方面,拜占廷帝国的历史命运具有重大的典型意义和启示价值。参考资料:仅供参考2023-08-05 03:33:302
分数乘分数的口算题及答案?80道以上?
想自己出这样的题也可以,就是会时间长了点,最好还是在网上搜一下吧,能节省不少时间的,而且准确率也高。2023-08-05 03:33:224
西欧封建社会
西欧封建制度是中古欧洲历史的一项核心内容,而西欧封建制度的核心内容是西欧封建等级制度。在整个中古时期,罗马天主教在经济上占据当时西欧土地的三分之一,政治上与世俗王权分庭抗礼,在思想文化方面形成一元垄断,可谓是处于一种万流归宗的地位。城市是文明形成的一个重要标志,西方文明与东方文明在许多方面存在着明显的差异,其根源因素有很多就是城市造成的。拜占廷帝国是一个曾经辉煌的古老文明,在如何面对新的环境挑战方面,拜占廷帝国的历史命运具有重大的典型意义和启示价值中世纪史也叫中古史,指的是476年西罗马帝国灭亡到1640年英国资产阶级革命爆发这一时期的历史。封建制度的形成、发展和解体是这一时期欧洲历史的主线。但是世界各国封建社会的发展是不平衡的,当西欧在5世纪刚刚进入封建社会的时候,中国已经走完了约1000年封建社会的历程。 在欧洲的封建社会里,国王、贵族和骑土等大大小小的封建主构成了金字塔般的等级制度,但是他们的权力和义务都是有限的,“我的附庸的附庸不是我的附庸”,这种复杂的等级关系使得欧洲封建国家长期处在割据状态,和东方中国“普天之下,莫非王上;率土之滨,莫非王巨”的中央集权的封建君主专制大不一样。各国统治者仍不断进行战争,相互抢掠吞并,许多国家一直没有出现统一的稳固政权。封建地主凭借土地所有权和政权对农民进行剥削。在欧洲,基督教会已成为封建统治工具,他们和世俗封建主共同维护封建制度。农民和农奴的劳动被封建主以劳役、实物地租、名目繁多的捐税和教会“什一税”等形式侵吞。农民的反抗持续不断,但是起义的规模一般比较小,没有像中国那样发生过多次推翻了一个王朝的大规模农民战争。 无论是西方还是东方,封建经济主要是以一家一户农民为基本生产单位的自给自足的自然经济。农民由于可以拥有一些基本的生产、生活资料,可以获得一定的劳动产品,因此,劳动积极性比奴隶高得多。中世纪时代铁制工具早已普及,再加上生产技术不断进步,使社会财富大大丰富起来,并且促进了商业的发展。14、15世纪在地中海沿海地区,商品经济发达的城市出现了专门从事商品生产的资本主义工场手工业。中国在16、17世纪,在江南一带城市中也出现了资本主义萌芽。在封建生产关系中滋生出资本主义生产关系,说明封建社会已经走到它的尽头。从那时候起,欧洲一些国家的资本主义兴起已形成一个不可逆转的势头。 中世纪的欧洲,文化落后,思想愚昧,是历史上所谓的“黑暗时代”,而在中国,正是文化和科学技术高度发达的时期,东西方文化形成了强烈的对比。宗教在世界广大地区占据了思想领域的统治地位。佛教、基督教、伊斯兰教在许多国家成为“国教”。儒家学说则主宰了中国的思想领域。这种文化现象虽然对封建社会的巩固一度有推动作用,而当资本主义兴起后,它就成为社会进步和科学发展的障碍。伴随着资本主义萌芽的产生,欧洲出现的“文艺复兴”是人类思想的一次大解放,它促进了文化艺术的繁荣和近代科学的大飞跃。在东方,由于封建思想的长期桎梏,社会发展趋于缓慢,从此开始落后于西方。 也有一千多年的历史,你能说欧洲的中世纪为什么那么短吗?如果非要比较,相对于中国而言,主要在于16、17世纪之后西欧科技的发展。2023-08-05 03:33:202
分数乘分数的题 20道
书上有啊,有一个专门的口算册2023-08-05 03:33:132