to the nearest whole number 此谚语如何翻译？

一般在英语中，Nuatural number (自然数) 是1，2，3...从1 开始算的才称为自然数。自然数是大于等于一的整数。Whole number可以称为非负整数，是指包括零（0）和自然数的集合。也就是从零开始计的整数。Integer 包含了 负数， 零 和自然数（正整数）。我知道教材中对自然数的定义有时候会不一样。纠结的点在于是否包含零上面。但是我学到的教材中，自然数就是正整数，不包含零。Whole number才是包含零的。

nature number(自然数):是指人类刚开始认识数字时，为了方便统计猎物和果实数目而发明的数字。是自然存在的概念，取值范围是从1到无穷大的整数。whole number:在nature number基础上，引入了0的概念，即取值范围从0到无穷大的整数。integer(整数):在whole number基础上引入了负数的概念，取值范围为负无穷到正无穷。他们的关系是integer 包含wholenumber包含nature number，即nature number是whole number的子集，whole number是integer的子集。

integer是整数，是1，2，3这样的数而whole number是说所有的数，比方说一个人的身份证号码你就可以说the whole numbers of one"s id

wholenumber是指完整数，而integers是指整数，比如说1、2、3是整数。像圆周率的值就是完整数，这里的完整数就要把具体的圆周率等于多少，不能约分，而写到最后，写到最后很长，也写不下来，所以我们就用圆周率来代替那个完整数，这就是整数和完整数的区别。

整数包括负整数、0、正整数现在的中国数学教学中把0看作自然数，即自然数包括0和正整数自然数是整数的一部分，即整数包括自然数

一个是整数，是1，2，3这样的数而whole number是说所有的数，比方说一个人的身份证号码你就可以说the whole numbers of one"s id

这个是哪个里面的？

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代数 ALGEBRA 1. 数论natural number 自然数 positive number 正数 negative number 负数 odd integer, oddnumber 奇数 even integer, even number 偶数 integer, whole number 整数 positivewhole number 正整数 negative whole number 负整数 consecutive number 连续整数realnumber, rational number 实数,有理数 irrational（number） 无理数 inverse 倒数compositenumber 合数 e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15… prime number 质数 e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15… reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数 multiple 倍数 (minimum) common multiple (最小)公倍数 (prime) factor (质)因子 common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimalscale 十进制 nonnegative 非负的 tens 十位 units 个位mode 众数 mean平均数 median中值 commonratio 公比 2. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值 weighted average 加权平均值 geometric mean 几何平均数 exponent指数，幂 base 乘幂的底数,底边 cube 立方数，立方体 square root 平方根cube root 立方根 common logarithm常用对数 digit 数字 constant 常数 variable 变量inverse function 反函数 complementaryfunction 余函数 linear 一次的，线性的 factorization 因式分解 absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32 round off 四舍五入数学 3. 基本运算add，plus 加 subtract 减 difference 差 multiply, times 乘 product 积 divide除divisible 可被整除的 divided evenly 被整除 dividend 被除数，红利 divisor 因子，除数，公约数 quotient 商 remainder 余数 factorial 阶乘 power 乘方 radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入 to the nearest 四舍五入 4. 代数式，方程，不等式algebraic term 代数项 like terms, similar terms 同类项 numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数 inequality 不等式 triangle inequality 三角不等式 range 值域original equation 原方程 equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程 linear equation 线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22) 5. 分数，小数proper fraction 真分数 improper fraction 假分数 mixed number 带分数 vulgarfraction，common fraction 普通分数 simple fraction 简分数 complex fraction繁分数numerator 分子 denominator 分母 (least) common denominator （最小）公分母 quarter四分之一 decimal fraction 纯小数 infinite decimal 无穷小数 recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位 6. 集合union 并集 proper subset 真子集 solution set 解集 7. 数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列 geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列 8. 其它approximate 近似 (anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向 cardinal 基数 ordinal 序数 directproportion 正比 distinct 不同的 estimation 估计，近似 parentheses 括号 proportion 比例permutation 排列 combination 组合 table 表格 trigonometric function 三角函数 unit 单位,位 几何 GEOMETRY 1. 角alternate angle 内错角 corresponding angle 同位角 vertical angle 对顶角 central angle圆心角 interior angle 内角 exterior angle 外角 supplementary angles 补角complementaryangle 余角 adjacent angle 邻角 acute angle 锐角 obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角 straight angle 平角 included angle 夹角 2. 三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形 scalene triangle 不等边三角形 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形 oblique 斜三角形 inscribed triangle 内接三角形 3. 收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆 concentric circles 同心圆 quadrilateral 四边形 pentagon 五边形hexagon六边形 heptagon 七边形 octagon 八边形 nonagon 九边形 decagon 十边形 polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形 equilateral 等边形 plane 平面 square 正方形，平方 rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形 rhombus 菱形 trapezoid 梯形 4. 其它平面图形arc 弧 line, straight line 直线 line segment 线段 parallel lines 平行线 segment of acircle 弧形 5. 立体图形cube 立方体，立方数 rectangular solid 长方体 regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体 cone 圆锥 sphere 球体 solid 立体的 6. 图形的附属概念plane geometry 平面几何 trigonometry 三角学 bisect 平分 circumscribe 外切 inscribe内切 intersect 相交 perpendicular 垂直 Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理（毕达哥拉斯定理） congruent全等的 multilateral 多边的 altitude 高 depth 深度 side 边长 circumference, perimeter周长 radian 弧度 surface area 表面积 volume 体积 arm 直角三角形的股 cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心 chord 弦 diameter 直径radius 半径 angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线化 edge 棱 face of a solid 立体的面 hypotenuse 斜边 included side 夹边 leg三角形的直角边 median（三角形的）中线 base 底边，底数（e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数） opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点 endpoint 端点 vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点 tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距 7. 坐标coordinate system 坐标系 rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系 origin 原点 abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标 number line 数轴 quadrant 象限 slope 斜率 complex plane 复平面

1、精确等于10个2、我记得是这样的

number的用法如下一、详细释义：n.数；数字 [C]；号码 [C]；算数 [C]例句：The excavation exposed a staggering number of bronze age artifacts.这次挖掘使一批数目惊人的青铜时代人工制品重现天日。Are you sure you are dialing the right number?你确定你打的号码是对的吗？Kids who are read to frequently developearlier writing and number skills as well.经常阅读的孩子的写作和算术能力比其他孩子发展的要早。v.给…编号 [T]；数，计算 [T]例句：Listen and number the pictures 1-6 in the order you hear them.听一听，按照你所听的顺序给1－6副图片编号。This time the dead were numbered in hundreds, not dozens.这次死亡人数是数以百计，而非几十人。二、词义辨析：quantity,amount,number,sum这些名词均有“总数、总量”之意。 quantity书面用词，指事物的总量和总数量，侧重大批计量，含准确测量的意味。 amount普通用词，与quantity近义，但强调整体，指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数。 number普通用词，指人或物的数目，强调数的概念。 sum普通用词，指简单加算的结果。三、相关短语：atomic number【n】.[化]原子序数(指元素在周期表中按次序排列的序号)、box number【n】. 信箱号、call number【n】 图书编目号码、cardinal number【n】.基数、whole number【n】.[数]整数、imaginary number 虚数、natural number【n】.[数]自然数四、参考例句：The number was fifty.该数字为五十。My mobile number is …我的手机号码是……What is this number?这个数字是什么？America is number one!美国员工是数量最多的！Is this your number?这是你的号码吗？

第一个后面跟可数名词，第二个后面跟不可数名词

邮箱地址给我，我有SAT2的各科词表，可以发给你.

最接近的整数

给你3个网站，保你能找到所有数学英语http://www.biox.cn/Foreign/200608/20060828114314_57061.shtmlhttp://www.biox.cn/Foreign/List_596.shtmlhttp://www.hao360.com/page/details_words.asp?id=4039代数部分1.有关数学运算add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator（最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的其它1.单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天)common year平年(365天)depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price标价markup涨价per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平3. Mathematical Terms: complete set 完全集 finite 有限的 relation 关系 element 元素 inclusion 包含 set 集合 empty set 空集 infinite 无限的 subset 子集 equality 相等 integer 整数 proper subset 真子集 equal 等于 rational 有理的 universal 全集

是化学计量数。small-whole-number ratio===〉简单正整数比。

定义一个有理数类，利用该类中的数据成员nume来代表分子，数据成员denom来#include

在ACCA考试中，F2阶段时间序列知识点一直都是比较重要且每年都会出现在试卷里，今天深空网就跟大家详解这个知识点内容。01、时间序列的组成部分，及局限性1.1)Time series can be broken down into 4 categories:a) Trend.(趋势)Key words: underlying long-term movement√ 根据当下actual sales，通过数学计算得出大致销售趋势。即：默认现行趋势在未来也适用。b) Seasonal variation.(季节性变动)Key words: short-term fluctuationsaffect results at different times of the year√ 在时间上不一定是按“季节”发生的偏差，可以是每天的或每周的有规律的偏差。即：短期内有规律的偏差都可归为季节性变动。c) Cyclical variation.(周期性变动)Key words: longer time period√ 相对于季节性变动，它是长期的有规律的变动，比如：经济周期。d) Random variation. (随机性变动)Key words: unforeseen circumstances√ 通常不可预见，比如：政变、战争。由于是突发事件，所以在做预测时(forecasting)不考虑该元素。Ps：在F2中做Time series计算题时，不考虑Cyclical variation，到了P level才会涉及。1.2)时间序列计算的局限性源于3个前提假设a. a straight-line trend exists.b. seasonal variations are constant.c. what has happened in the past is a reliable guide to the future因此，如果事件的发生带有不可预见性，则不适用这种方法。02、时间序列的组成部分——Trend计算第1步：用moving average方法平滑actual sales units注意：偶数的时间跨度比奇数的时间跨度多一步计算!a) 当时间跨度是奇数时(以3年时间跨度为例)b) 当时间跨度是偶数时(以4年时间跨度为例)第2步：actual sales units被平滑后，根据high-low method 求出Trend表达式，即：Y=a + b XY(因变量)=Trend，X(自变量)=时间，一个X代表一个时间跨度注意：时间是自变量，trend是因变量!所以根据high-low method的计算原则，先选出时间(X)最大值和最小值，再找到对应trend(Y)的值，求出表达值即可以第1步中3年时间跨度为例：假设20X1在X轴上代表1，往后每一年都依次共一个数字代表，则20X5 在X轴上代表5通过X找到对应Y的值，则得到两个点(1，410);(5，470)求的Y=395+15X辨析：图中倾斜向上的直线就是trend表达式在坐标轴上的体现。这条直线没有具体的X范围规定(即：时间序列计算的前提假设，暗含现在的趋势以后仍将继续)为了便于理解可以将时间序列分解成两部分来看 1)当下状况(actual) 图中蓝色曲线是actual units，根据前面两个步骤的计算得到蓝色倾斜直线。即：现有状况下的趋势 2)预测未来(forecasting) 图中黑色倾斜直线，是蓝色倾斜直线的延长线，延续现有趋势，代表未来趋势再根据给出的蓝色粗实线调节对应季节性波动，得到黑色曲线 Forecasting figure03、时间序列的组成部分——Trend + Seasonal variation计算涉及2元素：Y= Forecasting figure T= TrendS= Seasonal variation上图中蓝色实线，是在求出的trend上调整季节性波动，最终得到Forecasting figure(Y)a) 加法模型的计算公式Y = T + S例子1: Based on the last 15 periods the underlying trend of sales is y = 345.12 _ 1.35x. If the 16th period has a seasonal factor of _23.62, assuming an additive forecasting model, what is the forecast for that period, in whole units?解：将x=16代入y = 345.12 _ 1.35x,得到y=323.52.这里的y，就是trend。所以在加法模型中对应T=323.52又已知S=_23.62代入公式得到Y=323.52+(_23.62)=299.9b) 乘法模型的计算公式Y = T * S例子2: The trend for monthly sales ($Y) is related to the month (t) by the equation Y = 1,500 _ 3t where t = 0 in the first month of 20X8. What are the forecast sales (to the nearest dollar) for the first month of 20X9 if the seasonal component for that month is 0.92 using a multiplicative model?解：这里t=0对应 20X8 month1，一年有12个月则20X9 month1，对应t=12 (12+0=12) 代入 Y = 1,500 _ 3t，求的Y=1464，这里的Y，就是trend。所以在乘法模型中对应T=1464又已知S=0.92代入公式得到Y=1464*0.92=1346.88c) 两种模型下季节性变动求和以一年为一个周期，中间有n个季节性波动时间点1) 加法模型∑ Δ S=0即：一年内，n个季节性波动相加=0例子3：The multiplicative quarterly seasonal variations for the time series were as follows:以一年为一个周期，中间有4个季节性波动时间点，相加=00.82+1.41+?+(-1.09)=0求得?=-1.14 2) 乘法模型∑ Δ S=n即：一年内，n个季节性波动相加=n例子4：The multiplicative quarterly seasonal variations for the time series were as follows:以一年为一个周期，中间有4个季节性波动时间点，相加=40.82+1.41+?+1.09=4求得?=0.68Ps :在乘法模型中不可能出现某个季节性波动系数是负的的情况04、Deseasonalization(去季节化因素)计算“seasonally adjusted”是”Deseasonalization”的同义词辨析：该知识点可以理解为是以上知识点的逆向思维，不涉及forecasting即：已知actual units，和去季节化因素后，得到当下trend结合图形理解：给出蓝色曲线(actual units)，和季节性波动系数(蓝色粗实线)，求蓝色倾斜直线上的点加法模型：T=Y-S乘法模型：T=Y/SY =the actual sales units S =Seasonal variationT =seasonally adjusted trend = current trend例子5：In January, the unemployment in Ruritania is 567,800. If the seasonal factor using an additive time series model is +90,100, what is the seasonally-adjusted level of unemployment (to the nearest whole number)?加法模型：T=Y-S =567,800-90,100=477,700

奇数的英语单词：odd number偶数的英语单词：even number整数的英语单词：whole number

【prime number】In mathematics, a prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that cannot be divided exactly by any whole number except itself and the number 1, for example 17.质数（prime number）又称素数，有无限个。除了1和它本身以外不再有其他的除数整除。根据算术基本定理，每一个比1大的整数，要么本身是一个质数，要么可以写成一系列质数的乘积，最小的质数是2。【Composite number】an integer exactly divisible by at least one number other than itself or 1.合数，数学用语，英文名为Composite number，指自然数中除了能被1和本身整除外，还能被其他的数整除（不包括0)的数。与之相对的是质数（因数只有1和它本身，如2,3,5,7,11,13等等，也称素数）,而1既不属于质数也不属于合数。最小的合数是4。其中，完全数与相亲数是在它的基础上的。

windows的log文件一般存放在C:WINDOWSSystem32Config下,后缀为.evt,记事本打开会乱码,直接读写应该没有问题,但是乱码的问题怎么解决我不太清楚.下面是在网上找到的, 大概意思是调用windows api, 我没试过,所以发原文你自己理解吧.在注册表中的位置，在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesEventlog<Category>::File中记录。Category为Application，Security和System。如果计算机是域控制器，事件日志还包括目录服务和DNS服务的相关部分。在程序中读取Event Log，可以使用标准Windows API函数实现。在MSDN Library/Platform SDK/Base Services/Denugging and Error Handlings/Event Logging中可以查到详尽的信息。使用API函数ReadEventLog()Platform SDK: Debugging and Error Handling ReadEventLogThe ReadEventLog function reads a whole number of entries from the specified event log. The function can be used to read log entries in chronological or reverse chronological order. BOOL ReadEventLog( HANDLE hEventLog, // handle to event log DWORD dwReadFlags, // how to read log DWORD dwRecordOffset, // offset of first record LPVOID lpBuffer, // buffer for read data DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead, // bytes to read DWORD *pnBytesRead, // number of bytes read DWORD *pnMinNumberOfBytesNeeded // bytes required);ParametershEventLog [in] Handle to the event log to read. This handle is returned by the OpenEventLog function. dwReadFlags [in] Specifies how the read operation is to proceed. This parameter must include one of the following values. Value Meaning EVENTLOG_SEEK_READ The read operation proceeds from the record specified by the dwRecordOffset parameter. This flag cannot be used with EVENTLOG_SEQUENTIAL_READ.EVENTLOG_SEQUENTIAL_READ The read operation proceeds sequentially from the last call to the ReadEventLog function using this handle. This flag cannot be used with EVENTLOG_SEEK_READ.If the buffer is large enough, more than one record can be read at the specified seek position; you must specify one of the following flags to indicate the direction for successive read operations. Value Meaning EVENTLOG_FORWARDS_READ The log is read in chronological order. This flag cannot be used with EVENTLOG_BACKWARDS_READ.EVENTLOG_BACKWARDS_READ The log is read in reverse chronological order. This flag cannot be used with EVENTLOG_FORWARDS_READ.dwRecordOffset [in] Specifies the log-entry record number at which the read operation should start. This parameter is ignored unless dwReadFlags includes the EVENTLOG_SEEK_READ flag. lpBuffer [out] Pointer to a buffer for the data read from the event log. This parameter cannot be NULL, even if the nNumberOfBytesToRead parameter is zero. The buffer will be filled with an EVENTLOGRECORD structure. nNumberOfBytesToRead [in] Specifies the size, in bytes, of the buffer. This function will read as many whole log entries as will fit in the buffer; the function will not return partial entries, even if there is room in the buffer. pnBytesRead [out] Pointer to a variable that receives the number of bytes read by the function. pnMinNumberOfBytesNeeded [out] Pointer to a variable that receives the number of bytes required for the next log entry. This count is valid only if ReadEventLog returns zero and GetLastError returns ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER. Return ValuesIf the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. RemarksWhen this function returns successfully, the read position in the error log is adjusted by the number of records read. Only a whole number of event log records will be returned. Note The configured filename for this source may also be the configured filename for other sources (several sources can exist as subkeys under a single logfile). Therefore, this function may return events that were logged by more than one source. For example, see Reading the Event Log. Requirements Windows NT/2000 or later: Requires Windows NT 3.1 or later. Windows 95/98/Me: Unsupported. Header: Declared in Winbase.h; include Windows.h. Library: Use Advapi32.lib. Unicode: Implemented as Unicode and ANSI versions on Windows NT/2000.See AlsoEvent Logging Overview, Event Logging Functions, ClearEventLog, CloseEventLog, EVENTLOGRECORD, OpenEventLog, ReportEvent Platform SDK Release: February 2001 Contact Platform SDK Order a Platform SDK CD Online Requirements Windows NT/2000 or later: Requires Windows NT 3.1 or later. Windows 95/98/Me: Unsupported. Header: Declared in Winbase.h; include Windows.h. Library: Use Advapi32.lib. Unicode: Implemented as Unicode and ANSI versions on Windows NT/2000.See AlsoEvent Logging Overview, Event Logging Functions, ClearEventLog, CloseEventLog, EVENTLOGRECORD, OpenEventLog, ReportEvent

全世界

printf("hello %d ",a);

printf是输出时用的，scanf是输入时用的

数字，人物，图形，价格亲：祝你学习进步，每天都开心V_V！望采纳，thx！

扫 sǎo部首笔画部首:扌 部外笔画:3 总笔画:6五笔86:RVG 五笔98:RVG 仓颉:QSM笔顺编号:121511 四角号码:57070 Unicode:CJK 统一汉字 U+626B基本字义1. 拿笤帚等除去尘土或垃圾：～地。 2. 清除，消灭：～雷。～盲。～荡。一～而空。 3. 全，尽，尽其所有：～数（shù）。 4. 低落，丧失：～兴（xìng ）。 5. 描画：～描。～眉。 6. 迅速横掠而过：～射。～视。 7. 结束，了结：～尾。 8. 祭奠：～墓。祭～。详细字义〈动〉1. (会意。从手,从帚。手拿扫帚表示打扫。本义:打扫) 2. 同本义 [clean up;sweep]埽,弃也。——《说文》。字亦作扫。埽,除也。——《广雅》掌五寝之埽除粪洒之事。——《周礼·隶仆》子有廷内,弗洒弗扫。——《诗·唐风·山有枢》花径不曾缘客扫,蓬门今始为君开。——唐· 杜甫《客至》 3. 又如:扫径(清洁路径);扫尘(扫去尘垢;比喻扫荡残敌,平定乱事);扫脑儿(秃子);扫道(踩出来的路);扫桃(扫面子);扫花以待(表示主人待客的诚意);扫眉才子(指有文才的女子) 4. 掠过[sweep away]千骑飚扫,万乘雷奔。——李白《大猎赋》 5. 又如:扫望(扫视);扫射 6. 清除,消灭 [eliminate]扫项军于 垓下。—— 张衡《东京赋》 7. 又如:扫白(除去白发);扫穴(清除巢穴);扫穴擒渠(扫荡巢穴,擒拿贼首);扫殄(消灭);扫清(平定廓清);扫定(平定):扫难(平定患难) 8. 画,染 [paint]淡扫蛾眉朝至尊。——张祜《集灵台》 9. 又如:扫黛(画眉;用黛描画);扫眼(描眼) 10. 祭扫 [sacrifice and renovate]故请母命而宁汝于斯,便祭扫也。——清· 袁枚《祭妹文》 11. 又如:扫墓 12. 飞快地书写 [write]吾师醉后倚绳床,须臾扫尽数千张。——李白《草书歌行》〈形〉1. 尽,全部 [total]。如:扫土(举境,全境);扫数(扫除。全部);扫境(倾其境内全力) 2. 另见 sào常用词组1. 扫除 sǎochú(1) [sweep]∶用扫帚、刷子等清除脏东西大扫除 (2) [clear]∶清除;消除扫除文盲 (3) [completely]∶全部都来投降;若不从者,便行扫除处死。——《水浒传》 2. 扫除机 sǎochújī[sweeper] 一种打扫清洁的设备草坪扫除机 3. 扫除天下 sǎochú-tiānxià[sweep away evil] 肃清邪恶,以平治天下 4. 扫荡 sǎodàng[mop up;annihilate;exterminate;liquidate wipe out] 扫除涤荡;泛指彻底清除扫荡叛匪假如提起一支屠城的笔,扫荡了文坛上一切野草,那自然是快意的。——鲁迅《“说不出”》 5. 扫地 sǎodì(1) [sweep the floor]∶用扫帚等清扫地面 (2) [be shorn of…;be dragged in the dust]∶比喻名誉、威信等全部丧失威信扫地 6. 扫地出门 sǎodì-chūmén[sweep away] 比喻把坏东西彻底清除,也指剥夺全部财产,把人空手赶出门 7. 扫地俱尽 sǎodì-jùjìn[completely sweep away] 像扫地一样都没有了,形容破坏净尽秦灭六国,而上古遗烈扫地俱尽矣。——《汉书·魏豹田儋等传赞》惟怀逮愍,丧乱弘多,衣冠礼乐,扫地俱尽。——《晋书·儒林传序》圣人遗训,扫地俱尽,制礼作乐,今也其时。——《隋书·高祖纪下》 8. 扫地无余 sǎodì-wúyú[sweep the floor;nothing left] 像扫地一样,毫无存留 9. 扫地以尽 sǎodìyǐjìn[be completely discredited] 比喻破坏无遗,也指威风、名誉等完全丧失 10. 扫房 sǎofáng[sweep room;make general house-keeping] 清扫房屋内的墙壁和屋顶 11. 扫坟 sǎofén[sweep a grave] 祭扫坟墓 12. 扫轨器 sǎoguǐqì[rail sweep] 有轨车辆前方的装置,用于扫除路轨端面那些容易除去的障碍 13. 扫黄 sǎohuáng[anti-pornography] 清理和消除黄色书刊及淫秽录像带等 14. 扫祭 sǎojì[obit] 扫墓祭奠 15. 扫雷 sǎoléi[sweep;mine clearance;removal of mines] 搜寻并排除敷设的地雷或水雷在航道上扫雷 16. 扫雷舰 sǎoléijiàn[mine sweeper] 用于搜索和排除水雷的军舰 17. 扫脸 sǎoliǎn[lose face] 〈方〉∶丢面子 18. 扫盲 sǎománg[eliminate illiteracy;sweep out illiteracy] 指进行识字教育,清除文盲扫盲运动 19. 扫眉 sǎoméi[draw eyebrows] 描画眉毛明朝斗草多应喜,剪得灯花自扫眉。——唐· 司空图《灯花》 20. 扫眉才子 sǎoméi-cáizǐ[a girl poet or author (scholar with picked eyebrow)] 指有文学才能的女子扫眉才子知多少,管领春风总不如。——唐· 王建《寄蜀中薛涛校书》 21. 扫描 sǎomiáo[scanning]通过电子束、无线电波等的左右移动在屏幕上显示出画面或图形 22. 扫灭 sǎomiè[mop up]扫荡消灭扫灭敌寇 23. 扫墓 sǎomù[sweep a grave—pay respects to a dead person at his tomb]∶祭扫坟墓,对死者表示悼念 24. 扫平 sǎopíng[put down] 扫荡平定扫平叛乱 25. 扫清 sǎoqīng[clear] 用扫帚、铲子等清除掉扫清人行道上的积雪 26. 扫射 sǎoshè[strafe]用自动武器左右移动,连续射击用机枪火力扫射 27. 扫视 sǎoshì[flicker] 目光迅速向四周移动掠过迅速地扫视晨报的大字标题 28. 扫数 sǎoshù[total number;whole amount] 全部;尽数扫数归还欠款 29. 扫榻 sǎotà[clear away bed"s dust;sweep the mat] 打扫床榻,表示欢迎客人南台中丞扫榻见,北门学士倒屐迎。——陆游《案题徐载叔东庄》扫榻以待 30. 扫榻以待 sǎotàyǐdài[clear away dust and wait guests] 扫除榻上的灰尘,等待客人到来。喻指热忱迎客 31. 扫听 sǎotīng[inquire about] 〈方〉∶探询;打听扫听一点消息 32. 扫网 sǎowǎng[beat] 挥动捕虫网驱逐和捕捉昆虫 33. 扫尾 sǎowěi[round off;wind up] 做最后剩下的工作,使结束扫尾工程 34. 扫兴 sǎoxìng[feel disappointed;have one"s spirit dampened] 遇到不愉快的事情而兴致低落真叫人扫兴扫 sào基本字义1. 〔～帚〕以竹枝等扎成的扫地用具。 2. （扫）详细字义1. 扫 sào 2. 另见 sǎo常用词组1. 扫把 sàoba[broom] 扫地的工具,扫帚 2. 扫帚 sàozhou[broom] 扫地的工具,多用竹枝扎成。也叫“扫把” 3. 扫帚星 sàozhouxīng(1) [comet]∶指彗星 (2) 迷信的人认为出现扫帚星就会发生灾祸。所以也用扫帚星来骂被认

数据库表中有一个varchar2类型的字段，里边可能包含数字或用逗号分隔的数据，如3或4，5这样的值，查询时，只传入了一个数字，也就是不带逗号的参数。因此sql语句类似这样：select * from ct where nos = 3语句本身一看就知道会出问题，因为3没加引号，会被当作数字处理。这样就肯定会报ORA-01722: invalid number的错误：SQL Error: 1722, SQLState: 42000ORA-01722: invalid number但在用hibernate时，为了避免数字问题，我们经常会这样写hsql语句：String sql = "select * from ctEntity as ct where ct.Nos = ""+no+""";当传入参数no为‘4,5"时，可能不会报错，但当no为"4"或"5"时，也就是单个数字时，就会报错了。经过打印hibernate的语句，发现单个数字时，hibernate会把上述语句转义成这样：select ct.Nos from ctEntity as ct where ct.Nos=4也就是会忽略掉引号，这样数据库就会报错，因为varchar2类型的nos字段在查询时给转义成了数字，所以肯定报错了。这种情况下，hsql语句就不能用 ct.Nos = " ***"这样的写法，必须用like，如ct.Nos like "%no%"，这样才不会报错。当然完整的查询语句要考虑逗号的前、后以及没有逗号的情况，那就自己考虑了。1、xxx.txt文本内容：XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX X X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX X X X X XXXX2、XXX.ctl....................................INTO TABLE XXX_XXX_XXX -- 要插入记录的表Fields terminated by " " -- 数据中每行记录用 空格 分隔trailing nullcols --表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空(REQUEST_ID,REQUEST_TIME DATE "YYYYMMDDHH24MISS",REQUEST_SOURCE INTEGER EXTERNAL ,BUSINESS_TYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL ,PAY_TYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL ,CARD_WHOLECOUNT INTEGER EXTERNAL,CARD_WHOLEVALUE INTEGER EXTERNAL,PAY_AMOUNT INTEGER EXTERNAL)3、利用sqlloader导入会出现ORA-01722:invalid number问题；原因：换行符的存在，如果integer或者number类型的栏位位于表的最后，最后其实会有CR/LF的换行符，在用sqlldr导入时会把换行符也算作那个数字的一部分，使得对应的导入PAY_AMOUNT 的值与PAY_AMOUNT在数据库中定义的NUMBE R(8)类型不匹配，从而出错。解决办法加integer或者加“TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE”。即：trailing nullcols --表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空(REQUEST_ID,REQUEST_TIME DATE "YYYYMMDDHH24MISS",REQUEST_SOURCE INTEGER EXTERNAL ,BUSINESS_TYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL ,PAY_TYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL ,CARD_WHOLECOUNT INTEGER EXTERNAL,CARD_WHOLEVALUE INTEGER EXTERNAL,PAY_AMOUNT INTEGER EXTERNAL TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE)注：在实际工程项目中，其实要导入9个字段，最后一个字段为导入时间，于是相应的在数据库中创表时，默认导入时间值为SYSDATEIMPORT_DATE DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE

中文：瑞士是位于欧洲中南部的多山内陆国。东界奥地利、列支敦士登，南邻意大利，西接法国，北连德国。其领土东起东经10°29"26"格劳宾登州的沙瓦拉茨峰，西至东经5°57"24"的日内瓦的尚希镇，最南端位于北纬45°瑞士阿尔卑斯长号49"8"，靠近提契诺州的基亚索，最北面在北纬47°48"35"，系沙夫豪森州的巴尔根。南北长220.1公里，东西长348.4公里。全境分中南部的阿尔卑斯山脉（占总面积的60％）、西北部的汝拉山脉（占10％）、中部高原（占30％）三个自然地形区。平均海拔约1350米，最高点是接近意大利的杜富尔峰（DUFOUR-PEAK,海拔4634米），最低点是位于提契诺州的马祖尔湖（LAKE MAGGIORE，海拔193米）。瑞士是一个山国，山清水秀。其森林面积达12523平方公里，占全国面积的30.3％。如果再加上农业、绿地面积（10166平方公里，占全国面积24.6％），则全国一半以上的土地被绿地所覆盖。瑞士是欧洲大陆三大河流发源地，有“欧洲水塔”之称。主要河流有：莱茵河(在瑞士境内375公里，是瑞士最大的河流)、阿尔河(在瑞士境内295公里，是瑞士最长的内陆河)、罗纳河(在瑞士境内264公里，是瑞士第二大内陆河)。湖泊共有1484个，其中最大的是莱蒙湖（又名日内瓦湖），面积582平方公里，最深处310米，其它有：康斯坦茨湖、纽沙泰尔湖、马乔雷湖、四州湖、苏黎世湖等。瑞士的河湖面积达1726平方公里，占瑞士全国面积的4.2％。瑞士地处北温带，地域虽小，但各地气候差异很大。阿尔卑斯山由东向西伸展，形成了瑞士气候的分界线。阿尔卑斯山以北受温和潮湿的西欧海洋性气候和冬寒夏热的东欧大陆性气候的交替影响，变化较大；阿尔卑斯山以南则属地中海气候，全年气候宜人。瑞士年降雨量为1500毫米,但各地分布不均。年平均气温为8．6摄氏度。在城市中，夏季气温可达华氏86度（摄氏30度），空气湿度适宜；冬季气温经常低于华氏32度（摄氏0度），时有下雪结冰的现象。英文翻译：Switzerland lies in many mountain landlocked states of the south in Europe. East circle Austria, Liechtenstein, adjoin Italy in the south, is next to France in the west, connect with Germany in the north. Territory its spend dose to work 29"26" from in the east 10 east longitude the intersection of guest and the intersection of sand and tile of Dengzhou draw the intersection of thatch and peak, spend to wish town still Geneva for 57"24" to in the west 5 east longitude, lie in 49"8" of trombone of Alps, Switzerland of 45 degrees in the north latitude southernmost, ask for close to proposing the base of the covenant state inferiorly, spend 48"35" in the north latitude 47 northernmost, it is root of Barr of the bold state full of trees of the of sand. 220.1 kilometers long from south to north, it is 348.4 kilometers long from east to west. You in Alps ( accounts for 60% of the whole area), the northwestern part of the south draw the mountain range (account for 10%), plateau of middle part (account for 30%) three topographical districts naturally in the whole area is divided.Have an elevation of about 1350 meters equally, the peak is which is close to Italy Du"s rich peak (DUFOUR-PEAK, 4634 meters above the sea level), the minimum is lying in to propose the lake (LAKE of Mazu of the covenant state MAGGIORE, 193 meters above the sea level). Switzerland is a mountain country, with green hills and clear waters. His area of woods is up to 12523 sq. km., accounts for 30.3% of the national area. If combine with agriculture, greenery area (10166 sq. km., accounts for 24.6% of national area), then the land of over half of the whole country is covered by the green land. Switzerland is three great river birthplace in Continental Europe, known as European water tower. The main river is as follows, the river (295 kilometers within the territory of Switzerland of Rhine River (375 kilometers within the territory of Switzerland, it is the biggest river in Switzerland), Al, it is the longest continental river of Switzerland), Luo NaHe (264 kilometers within the territory of Switzerland, it is the second largest continental river in Switzerland).Lake have 1484 in all, a old one the intersection of Lemon and lake (have another name called Geneva Lake) most among them, 582 of area, 310 meters of deepest places, others are as follows, Constantz lake, knob sand lake, Joe and Ray Ma the lake, four states the lake, Zurich lake,etc. of Tyre. The lake area of river of Switzerland is up to 1726 sq. km., accounts for 4.2% of national area in Switzerland. Switzerland is located in the north temperate zone, although the region is small, the regional climate is widely different. The Alps is spread from east to west, has formed the line of demarcation of the Swiss climate. And hot the intersection of eastern Europe and continental climate influence alternatively will it be cold summer winter gentle moist the intersection of West European and marine climate to the north of the the Alps, it is relatively great to change; Belong to the Etesian climate to the south of the Alps, the climate is pleasant in the whole year. The Swiss annual rainfall is 1500 millimetres, but regional maldistribution. The average temperature of the whole year is 8.6 ℃.In the city, the temperature can reach 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Centigrade) in summer, the air humidity is suitable; The temperature is often lower than 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Centigrade) in winter, the frozen phenomenon of snowing occasionally.

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Due to the continuous and discrete controller interact external physical environment,Therefore the law of data acquisition and random disturbance and user communication conflicts constantly.Heterogeneous control software design is a complex process that traditional heterogeneous controlTwo stage design strategy software can not meet the control system from system modeling softwareThe consistency of the program, in different platforms reuse and evolution. In this paperA layered heterogeneous control software field component modeling design method. componentThe software will be able to control the domain knowledge of isolated from platform, the partyAnd system modeling and design of the software, Will scheduling components from the computation functionSeparation of form, to control the whole, thus promoting modelAnd system implementation. This paper also introduces the design patterns "management support.To regulate component interaction between behavior and build hierarchical reconfigurable softA structure, improve the system model expansibility. "Management" for a given control componentSystem provides independent of execution platform solutions. Its design patternOnce the final implementation, members can in a quiescent state, thus for systemThe definition and implementation of large particle provide support. But, in the "management"A group of components under can be abstracted as the hierarchical structure model of high-level abstractions big grainDegree in support of the component members can be assembled.1 layered heterogeneous control software component, design pattern definition and descriptionThe definition and describe 1.1 componentsObject-oriented design methodology through object abstraction, layered structure and methodsCall up to limit the complexity of the system Cl. Due to a group of objects can often coordinationFinish the coherent function, middleware design methodology advocate one or more objectsEncapsulation make up "service", and "service" for the system integration. Facing toLike the design methodology and design methodology of main middleware interactive mechanism is directlyThe flow of control from one object to another object method invocation, emphasize the departmentSeries is decomposed into component composition, but the correctness of the component integrated depends on individual designersAbility. This component description methods will ask interaction abstract componentDifferent interactive model, based on the interaction model describing the function of independent componentsInteractive mode.The traditional software engineering will component is defined as a unit, only in the executionThe component can determine the release and integration. In the heterogeneous control software field, componentIs produced by the data input data output series until the parametric behaviorOutfit. Whether a heterogeneous control component depends on whether it has internal state, severalAccording to the data input output asked the definition of communication through I = 1. End I = 1 and participationThe number of components is I = 1, But the end I = 1 does not like the object-oriented design methodologyAs a return to have a call. Generally, a component does not need references to otherComponent to define the local activities.Form, a component is a collection of c (P, T, D), including:(1) the VI collection P. The description, Type VI init), including the goods of C1 P,Type Type, initialization, this paper requires all initEType value must be the name V1The only. The assumption PEPorts VI Type, use symbols that Type of P,.Init] says initialization of P. All data communication of internal components are neededThrough the ports. A: I was the one share in global namespace is uniqueStereotype variables. Port use global namespace is mainly for the abstract conceptThe definition of simplified components, not realizing that the component must be Shared storageFund project: yunnan high-tech innovation talents funded project, Yunnan provincial department of educationYoung teachers" scientific research funded project (5Y0676D), Kunming polytechnic school fundsEye (2006-10),Zhang jing: the cone interface (1974), male, professor, doctoral students, the research direction:Real-time control software, software engineering, ZhangYunSheng, professor, tutor, To phoenix red,Professors, dr

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1. Zaochary Lovell,a PE teacher at Arden Middle School,agrees with the program."The program is able to stop out-of-shape students from becoming fatter and lazier adults before it"s too late,"Lovell said.Students at Antelope Crossing have enjoyed the sweet fruits of the program."It"s good training,"says Kabion Pickett,13."I need to lose some weight .My whole family does.This seems like a good way to do it.""i have never liked PE since my primary school years,"says Lorena Balic,13."But the program really makes it good.It"s challenging but you will never feel sorry about it."1.阿尔丁中学的体育老师Zaochary Lovell十分赞成这项计划。“这项计划能够及时防止身材已经走形的学生变得更胖更懒的成年人。Lovell说道。羚羊十字中学的学生已经开始感受到这项计划带来的好处。13岁的Kabion说：“这是一种很好的锻炼方法。我需要减肥，我全家都需要减肥。这应该会是个很好的减肥办法。”“从小学开始我就不喜欢体育”，13岁的Lorena Balic说，“但是这项计划确实让我改观了。它很有挑战性，但是绝对不会让你后悔”2.Jaoan"s new prime minister,Naoto Kan,63,said he is going to "rebuild" his country.Kan became prime minister on June 4,just two days after Yukio Hatoyama lert office.Hatoyama failed to move a US airbase off Okinawa.Kan is Japan"s sixth prime minister in four years.He is the first leader in 14 years who is not from a political family. He is the son of a businessman.He graduated from university in 1970 and worked his way up in the government."Igrew up in an ordinary.Japanese family,"said Kan."If I can take on a big role ,that would be a very good thing for Japanese politics,"he said. Kan is very different from Hatoyama.2.日本新上任首相，63岁的菅直人称自己将“重建”这个国家。在鸠山由纪夫卸任两天之后，菅直人于6月4日正式担任首相职务。此前鸠山由纪夫试图撤走一个位于冲绳县的美军空军基地的努力宣告失败。菅直人是日本在最近四年之中的第六位日本首相，也是在近14年中第一个出身于非政治家庭的领导人。作为一个商人的儿子，他于1970年大学毕业，之后不断努力提高在政府中的地位。“我成长于一个普通的日本家庭中”菅直人说，“如果能够让我担任重要的角色，这对日本的政治而言将是一件莫大的好事”。菅直人与鸠山由纪夫十分不同。3 cockroaches "tell"each other where good food is,a new study has found.After they have"discussed"it,together the cockroaches decide which is the best food source and go eat it.Scientists from Queen Mary Universityin London did the study."We put them into a small area where there were two of the same food,"he said."If they didn"t‘talk"to each other,they should just go to the two foods equally."But most of the cockroaches ate only one pice of food until it was all gone."We don"t know how they communicate,but we know they"re using chemicals,"Lihoreau said."That will be the next step-to find the chemicals."The scientists think the chemical may be in the cockroaches"mouths or on their bodies.3.一项新的研究发现，蟑螂之间会“告诉”彼此食物的位置。在它们“讨论”过之后，蟑螂们会一起判断最佳的食物来源并共同前往享用。进行这项研究的科学家来自于伦敦大学玛丽女王学院。“我们把蟑螂放到一小块地方，那里放着两个相同的食物”，他说，“如果它们之间没有彼此‘交谈"的话，放着两个食物的地方他们应该都会去，但是他们只吃了一个地方的食物，直到全部吃完（才去吃另外一个）”“我们不知道它们之间是如何沟通，但是可以确定的是与化学物质有关”Lihoreau说道，“我们的下一步将是找出这种化学物质”。科学家们认为这种化学物质可能存在于蟑螂的口中或体表。4.Lu Zhishen was a hot-temperecd monk.He was one of the 108 characters in the classical Chinese novel Outlaws in the Marsh.His story,Major Lu Pummels the Lord of the West,has been in junior middle school Chinese textbooks since the 1950s.In the story,a butcher nicknamed"Lord Zhen of the West"bullied others.Lu killed the butcher with just three punches to the head out of anger.The description of Lu"s punches is vivid. Hou"s words started a big discussion around the country.Experts and teachers all expressed 4.鲁智深是个脾气火爆的和尚。他是中国古典名著《水浒传》中108条好汉之一。鲁智深拳打镇关西的故事自从20世纪50年代以来就已纳入了初中的语文课本。在这个故事中，外号“镇关西”的屠户以强凌弱。鲁智深在盛怒之下只用三拳就了结了这个屠户。故事中关于鲁智深打斗的描写十分生动。水浒中的语言运用在全中国引发了热烈的讨论。无论是专家还是普通教师都感到印象深刻。their ideas.Zhang Minqiang,an expert in Guangdong,was on Hou"s side.5.NIE Feng,15,of Hebei,doesn"t like reading classic books although her parents have bought many of them for her.She prefers reading network novels online or best-sellers by Guo Jingming and Rao Xueman."Stories in their books are much closer to our lives and feelings.It"s easier and more interesting to read them than the classics,"Nie said.Like Nie,a large number of middle school students now seldom or never read classic books. 5.尽管聂枫（音译）的父母买了许多古典名著给她，但是这个15岁的河北女孩并不喜欢看这些书。她更喜欢在线看网络小说，或者郭敬明、饶雪漫的畅销书。“他们书中的故事更贴近我们的生活和感受，比读名著更有意思，也更好理解”，聂枫说。和聂枫一样，许多中学生现在很少或者根本就不看文学名著。

2017年高考英语翻译小窍门 　　例1. A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 　　原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。 　　例2. By the end of the war， 800 people had been saved by the organization， but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives. 　　大战结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 　　例3. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 　　许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。 　　(4)翻译成汉语的无主句。例如： 　　例1. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. 　　应该尽最大努力告? nbsp|年轻人吸烟的危害，特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。 　　例2. By this procedure， different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat. 　　通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。 　　例4. Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century， the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. 　　在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具，其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。 　　例5. New source of energy must be found， and this will take timeu2026。 　　必须找到新的能源，这需要时间u2026u2026 　　另外，下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译： 　　It is hoped that u2026希望u2026u2026 　　It is reported that u2026据报道u2026u2026 　　It is said that u2026据说u2026u2026 　　It is supposed that u2026据推测u2026u2026 　　It may be said without fear of exaggeration that u2026可以毫不夸张地说u2026u2026 　　It must be admitted that u2026必须承认u2026u2026 　　It must be pointed out that u2026必须指出u2026u2026 　　It will be seen from this that u2026由此可见u2026u2026 　　(5)翻译成带表语的主动句。例如： 　　例1. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 　　进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 　　例2. On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence， but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared， and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 　　总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 　　(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。) 　　2.译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”， “给”， “遭”， “挨”， “为u2026u2026所”， “使”， “由u2026”， “受到”等表示。例如： 　　例1. Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature， not by Man. 　　地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。 　　例2. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. 　　这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。 　　例3. Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours. 　　自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。 　　例4. The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors， including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped. 　　流体在管道中流动的情况，受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。 　　例5. They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets， and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites. 　　它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。 　　例6. Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 　　工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。 　　例7. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 　　政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。 　　例8. The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time， and in any case， the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. 　　石油的供应可能随时会被中断;不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。 　　三、形容词译法 　　英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。下面拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 　　(一)、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配，有时可译成否定句。 　　1.These goods are in short supply. 　　这些货物供应不足。 　　2.This equation is far from being complicated. 　　这个方程一定也不复杂。 　　(二)、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字。 　　1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 　　这是我度过最愉快的一天。 　　2.It is easy to compress a gas. 　　气体很容易压缩。 　　(三)、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构。 　　1.She spoke in a high voice. 　　她讲话声音很尖。 　　2.This engine develops a high torque. 　　这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 　　(四)、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序。 　　1.a large brick conference hall 　　一个用砖砌的大会议厅 　　2.a plastic garden chair 　　一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 　　(五)、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可将形容词译成动词。 　　1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. 　　你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 　　2.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. 　　类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 　　3.He is truly sorry for his past， and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. 　　他诚恳地忏悔过去，并保证永远不再玩汽车。 　　(六)、由于语言习惯不同，英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词。 　　1.I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. 　　我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 　　2.He asked me for a full account of myself and family. 　　他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 　　3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country. 　　再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 　　从以上几个方面可以看出，译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节 　　四、举例before和good具体译法 　　(一)连词before的含义是“在u2026u2026以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上，它引导状语从句。可见它的词义颇为单纯，功能比较专一。然而，由于汉英表达习惯的不同，在将before汉译时，其译法却多种多样。常见的有以下几种： 　　1，直译成“(在)u2026u2026(以或之)前”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。 　　Before I enter on the subject I have something to say. 　　在讨论这一问题之前，我有些话要说。 　　They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated. 　　他们家乡解放前生活很苦。 　　2，译成“(后)u2026u2026才”。副词“才”在汉语中表示某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。这里又有两种情况，一种是主句主语为名词或代词，另一种是主语与非人称it. 　　The train had left before he got to the station.火车开了他才到车站。 　　It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到我。 　　3，连词before与barely， scarcely， hardly连用时还可译成“刚u2026u2026就”。在汉语中，“就”强调事情发生得早或快。如果原文突出主句与从句的动作一前一后紧接着或几乎同时发生，即可用此译法。

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1.求关于成长成才的英文演讲稿,给我一些好的句子和短语就行,不用写 The growth suched as the meteor cut same , instant that is passed , but that forget unceasingly of memory is more eternal than era , someone said to grow up as if a beautiful rose , the dazzlingly beautiful center forgot to prick your hands painful , someone said again , the growth was dense as cups dense Of coffee , silk silk bitter after enjoy the smell in sweet valley. yes , joys and sorrows that grow up , in now look all worth we spend the whole life smell of round trip 译文：成长就如流星划过一样，瞬间即逝，可那忘不断的回忆永存于世，有人说成长就像一株美丽的玫瑰，鲜艳夺目中忘记扎手之痛，又有人说，成长像一杯浓浓的咖啡，丝丝苦涩之后才能享受甘谷之味。是的，成长的酸甜苦辣，在现在看来都值得我们用一生一世来回味 2.关于成长的英语名言 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。East, west, home is best.金窝、银窝，不如自己的草窝。 There is no royal road to learning.学无坦途。Look before you leap. First think, then act.三思而后行。 It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。Light come, light go.来得容易，去得快。 Time is money.时间就是金钱。A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真交。 Great hopes make great man.远大的希望，造就伟大的人物。After a storm comes a calm.雨过天晴。 All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。Art is long, but life is short.人生有限，学问无涯。 Stick to it, and you"ll succeed.只要人有恒，万事都能成。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.早睡早起，富裕、聪明、身体好。 A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。It is good to learn at another man"s cost.前车之鉴。 Keeping is harder than winning.创业不易，守业更难。Let"s cross the bridge when we come to it.船到桥头自然直。 More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。No pains, no gains.不劳则无获。 Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。Where there is life, there is hope.生命不息，希望常在。 An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。We must not lie down, and cry, "God help us."求神不如求己。 A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once.花有重开日，人无再少年。God helps those who help themselves.自助者，天助之。 What may be done at any time will be done at no time.明日待明日，明日不再来。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。Truth is the daughter of time.时间见真理。 Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.积少自然成多。No man is wise at all times.智者千虑，必有一失。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。Live and learn.活到老，学到老。 Kill two birds with one stone.一石双鸟。It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。 In doing we learn.经一事，长一智。Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。 An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.一分预防胜似十分治疗。Industry is fortune"s right hand, and frugality her left.勤勉是幸运的右手，节约是幸运的左手。 Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋。He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。 He who pays the piper, calls the tune.谁负担费用，谁加以控制。He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything.身体健壮就有希望，有了希望就有了一切。 No man is born wise or learned.人非生而知之。Action speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue.勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。United we stand, divided we fall.合即立，分即垮。 There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。Many hands make light work.人多好办事。 Reading makes a full man.读书长见识。The best horse needs breeding, and the aptest child needs teaching.最好的马要驯，最伶俐的孩子要教。 Learn young, learn fair.学习趁年轻，学就要学好。Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。 Once bitten, twice shy.一次被咬，下次胆小。Sound in body, sound in mind.有健全的身体才有健全的精神。 Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Dogs wave their tails not so much in, love to you as your bread.狗摇尾巴，爱的是你的面包。 Money is a good servant but a bad master.要做金钱的主人，莫作金钱的奴隶。It"s hard sailing when there is no wind.无风难驶船。 The path to glory is always rugged.通向光荣的道路常常是崎岖的。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。 Quality matters more than quantity.质重于量。The on-looker sees most of the game.旁观者清。 Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it .为了求知识，代价虽高也值得。Joys shared with others are more enjoyed.与众同乐，其乐更乐。 Happiness takes no account of time.欢乐不觉日子长。Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不等人。 If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.若要求知，必须刻苦。Learn to walk before you run.循序渐进。 Knowing something of everything, and everything of something.通百艺而专一长。From words to deeds is a great space.言行之间，大有距离。 Skill and confidence are an unconquered army.技能和信心是无敌的军队。Habit is a second nature.习惯成自然。 Lifeless, faultless.只有死人才不会犯错误。A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change.好书千载常如新。 Books,。 3.关于成长的英语作文 成长的烦恼与收获. 我自己写的. how times flies!Now I am a student in Grade Nine and facing the first turning point in my school life.This title “Growing pains and gains”reminds me of the meaningful school life.The colourful life is full of my happiness and sorrows. In school,I have to take a lot of lessons.Some are in teresting while some are boring.But it"s the responsibility of the students to leam them all well. I have to try my best.During my growing time,a lot of trouble worried me.That"s awful and makes me blue. Although I met with a lot of failure, I still have a lot of gains.I can make a priceless freiendship. I can leam a large number of usful things----to be kind,friendly to others, to be confident and independent and so on. I think growing pains and gains are coutless.But they play an important role in my life and make my life colourful. 4.英语作文,成长是艰辛的,要求100词,家长对我给予很高的期望,希 Nowadays,as the develop of our sociaty, it is become more and more difficult to grown up. Our parents always has high speaking of us and hope us could go to key university so they require us to make use of our time to study.They always ask us to do something we dont want to do.We want to have more spare time . How to solve problem is that we should arrange our time independently and communicate with our parents frequently. Our parents may belive us and give us own time.自己用手机打了半节课.绝对原创，希望采纳.。 5.（初中英语作文）每个人在成长中都会遇到不顺心或倒霉的事回想自己 My Unlucky DayIt is the worst day that I have ever experienced.My alarm clock didn"t go off that morning.When I got up,it was 7:30!I was about to be late!After I had brushed my teeth and washed my face quickly, I took up my schoolbag and rushed out the door.Before I arrived at the bus stop,the bus had already left,so I had to rush to school by myself!By the time I went into my classroom,my teacher had stood in the front of the classroom.She looked at me angrily and asked for my homework.I was so sad because I had left it at home!Then,the teacher punished me.What bad luck!What a bad day!。 6.英语作文我的成长路上100词 as i grew up, there are a lot of troubles around me. in school, most of things to talk about with parents, not only because they will talk a long, not i say one word, and my ears also can"t stand so many words and so i don"t want to let ears with parents that he didn"t want to suffer said! i can"t take any more, i just want to own a piece of blue sky, why are you so selfish take it, is want to know me? i returned to the room, feel oneself have nothing, alas! why parents in total want to know when we grow up, we don"t want to let us have his own ideas, alas! so cruel! our lives are filled with seven colors sunlight, but even in the sunshine, also appears unavoidably short clouds. the young, there will be some lingering worries. these troubles from life, from study, the communication with students from。 however, there is worry is not terrible, the key is to correct it. from now on, let us together, eliminate worries, clean with colorful dream maturity.——来源与网路搜索。 7.英文关心句子带翻译 “成长是每个人都关心的话题，我的成长历程很简单，生在一个普通的家庭，童年和大家一样，充满了欢乐和天真，留下了很多美好的回忆，我也是一个喜欢让自己保持那份单纯的人，不喜欢变的复杂。 在我的生活里没有太多的烦恼，我觉得一个人只要简单点，生活就会很快乐，如果可以选择，我希望自己不要长大！” Everyone pay attention to the growth topic , and my growth course is very simple ---- I was born in a common family , and my childhood was full of joy and purility as same as everyone , and left a lot of nice memory , at the same time , I am a child who also like keeping that simplicity, and do not like the complex of changes 。 In my life , there is no too much bother , and I think it will be happy if everyone like the simple life , if I can choose something , I hope I do not grow up 。 8.帮我写一篇关于成长的英语作文 谢谢啦 I"m a middle school student . First of all,I don"t know what the differents from the happiness and happy on earth. But the "happiness”and "happy”are some look like in English . So I believe we are happiness that when we are in happy.What"s more ,what is happy ? Although I am not a shape student in my class and I am not as popular as my best friend . But I"m feeling happy enough now.Beacuse I have a loving family, many good friends and a warm class. More important is ,I"m living in the world . The world is so beautiful that make me feel I am so lucky! We are growing like many flowers that we must keep our life and hard working .we are very happy.。 9.急求一篇英语作文 Recently, some hospitals to some well-known artists hanging paintings to the walls of hospital。 Some people are lucky enough never to be sick, but most of us have to go to see a doctor occasionally for examination and treatment。 Doctors encourage people to have complete physical examinations regularly and not to wait until illnesses have become serious before having them treated。 Everybody believes that "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," but not everybody follows this advice。 This approach is true, because it can help patients relieve pain; To some extent it exceeds the effect of drug efficacy; To do so for the hospital has set an example to other hospitals。

虽然我懒得翻译,不过楼上的翻译绝对错了 Person hart Ni gram in the lake????这是什么????

Nowadays,more and more people prefer to remain single,no matter it is a man or a lady.Perhaps,it is just because of the social development. People would not like to have much more responsibility on themselves.In another word,it is ,perhaps,due to the social pressure.People are afraid of marriage and children-raising.Mainly because it is not easy for people to find an ideal job, and to earn enough money to support the family.Meanwhile,some people are afraid of failure,especially the failure in marriage.Everybody knows that the attitude towards marriage now is changing.It is much easier for people to make new friends with the development of the modern science,such as,mobile phone and internet.Therefore,it is much easier for people to get devoice.

I don"t know

Journilist(以下简称J）: What seems to be the problem Victim: Well, I was crossing the road, where a car came round the corner too quickly, and when the driver saw me, it was too late to stop. I was knocked to the ground, and when I got up,my left arm and elbow were grazed and now, I have a pain in my ribs. J:Is there anyone who have witnessed the whole accident? Witness:I have witnessed the whole accident,and it was just as he said ,and the car"s number is **** J:oh ,thanks for providing us with evidents. Doctor(to the victim): I"ll just take a look. Where does it hurt? victim: It"s hard to say. It hurts all over. Doctor: Does it hurt when I do this victim: Ouch! The pain is very bad when you press here. Doctor: You arm and elbow seem to be all right. But, to be on the safe side, you"d better go to the X-ray Department. When the X-rays are ready, bring them back to me to examine. victim: OK. See you later. J: Don"t worry ,we"ll help you find perpetrator as soon as possible Victim: thank you!

various形容词 a. 1.不同的;各种各样的,形形色色的Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons. 由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。 2.好几个的;许多的[Z]Wheat is varied是vary 的过去式及物动词 vt. 1.使不同;变更;修改He never varied his habits. 他从未改变过自己的习惯。 2.使多样化Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting. 为了增加趣味,教师应该使自己的课多样化。 3.【音】变奏(曲调或主题)不及物动词 vi. 1.变化;呈多样化[(+in/on/with)]That sort of thing varies from person to person. 那种事因人而异。 2.偏离;违反[(+from)]3.【生】变异4.【数】成比例

楼上的好神速啊~~ 太高手了

你直接在a站上看就可以啊。

中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会的标志是签订《辛丑条约》。《辛丑条约》被认为是中国近代史上失权最严重的不平等条约，《辛丑条约》的签订，进一步加强了帝国主义对中国的全面控制和掠夺，表明清政府已完全成为帝国主义统治中国的工具，标志着中国已完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会。19世纪末，尤其是甲午战争后，帝国主义列强纷纷在中国取得“租借”海港和筑路、开矿等重要投资特权，并且划分“势力范围”，激烈争夺和瓜分中国，造成中国空前严重的民族危机。这种危机感促成了人们的觉醒，救亡图存成了当时最紧迫的要求。扩展资料：清廷在《辛丑条约》前后镇压义和团运动，受到义和团的反抗。此后，帝国主义势力的侵略和清廷的对外卖国、对内压榨，使广大劳动人民的生活更加困苦，各地民变此伏彼起，据不完全统计，1902—1911年（光绪二十八年至宣统三年），全国各地民变多达1300 余起。这削弱了清皇朝的统治，使它陷入了四面楚歌的困境，为辛亥革命的爆发创造了客观的社会环境和群众基础。具有反帝爱国性质的拒俄运动、收回利权运动和抵制美货运动也纷纷展开，一些参与者进而懂得只有推翻清廷才能挽救民族危亡。如拒俄运动失败后，黄兴、陈天华等一部分留日学生就立即组成了革命团体军国民教育会。他们抛弃了以往“乞怜于满洲政府”的做法，从此走上了反清革命的道路。

n,c, e,u, l可组成：uncle

中国半殖民地半封建社会的形成过程 1、鸦片战争和《南京条约》等第一批不平等条约的签订——开始沦为 鸦片战争结束以后，以英国为首的西方列强先后强迫清政府签订了《南京条约》、《五口通商章程》、《虎门条约》、《望厦条约》、《黄埔条约》。这一系列不平等条约的签订，给中国社会产生了巨大的影响。 在政治上，鸦片战争以前，中国是一个独立自主的封建国家，清政府行使全部主权。鸦片战争以后，中国的领土、领海、司法、关税、贸易等主权开始遭到严重破坏，中国独立自主的国家地位开始丧失。 在经济上，鸦片战争以前，中国是一个自给自足的自然经济占统治地位的封建国家。鸦片战争以后，西方资本主义国家利用侵略特权，疯狂地向中国倾销商品、掠夺原料，逐步地把中国卷入世界资本主义市场，以小农业和家庭手工业为主要标志的自给自足的自然经济逐步解体。中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。 2、第二次鸦片战争和《天津条约》、《北京条约》等的签订——加深 第二次鸦片战争期间，俄美英法和英法先后强迫清政府签订了《天津条约》、《北京条约》等一系列不平等条约，使中国半殖民地半封建化的程度加深了。 在政治上，中国总共丧失了150多万平方公里的领土和主权；以1861年总理衙门设置、辛酉政变和1862年清政府向英法“借师助剿”为标志，清朝统治者公开投靠外国侵略者，开始成为它们的附庸和工具，中外反动势力公开勾结起来，共同镇压中国人民的反抗。 在经济上，外国侵略势力从东南沿海扩展到中国沿海各省，并进一步深入中国内地，大大方便了西方列强进行倾销商品，掠夺原料和廉价劳动力，使中国难以抵挡资本主义国家经济侵略的冲击，正式被卷入世界资本主义世界市场。 3、甲午中日战争和《马关条约》的签订——大大加深 在1894—1895年的甲午中日战争中，中国战败，被迫与日本签订丧权辱国的《马关条约》，《马关条约》的签订给近代中国带来了严重的危害： 首先，台湾、澎湖列岛等大片领土的割让，进一步破坏了中国主权的完整，这是日本继俄国之后，对中国领土进行的一次严重掠夺。它大大刺激了列强瓜分中国的野心，此后，帝国主义各国在中国划分强占租借地，“势力范围”，掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮，中国的民族危机进一步加深。 其次，巨额赔款相当于清政府三年财政收入的总和，这就加剧了中国人民的负担。清政府无力偿还，只有大借外债，便利了西方列强通过贷款控制了中国的财政和经济命脉。 再次，四个内陆通商口岸的开放和内河航线的开辟，使帝国主义势力进一步深入到中国内地。 最后，允许日本在华投资设厂，其它列强援引“利益均沾”的条款，争先恐后在中国开设工厂，进一步掠夺中国的廉价原料和劳动力，严重阻碍了中国民族资本主义的发展。 《马关条约》反映了帝国主义资本输出、分割世界的侵略要求。外国资本主义对中国的侵略进入了一个新的阶段。甲午战争以后，随着列强对华资本输出步伐的加快和中国民族资本主义的初步发展，中国自给自足的自然经济解体的进程加快。因此，中国社会半殖民地半封建化的程度大大加深了。 4、八国联军侵华战争和《辛丑条约》的签订——完全沦为 在1900年的八国联军侵华战争中，中国再次战败，被迫与英、俄、德、法等11国签订了丧权辱国的《辛丑条约》。《辛丑条约》的签订给中国带来了极其严重的危害。 其一、巨额的赔款，是列强对中国空前的大规模勒索；为支付巨额赔款，清政府加紧搜刮中国人民，使人民生活更加贫困，社会经济更加凋敝。 其二、在北京设立的“使馆界”，实为“国中之国”，是帝国主义策划侵略中国的“大本营”；外国公使成为清政府的“太上皇”，并通过外务部直接干涉中国内政。外国侵略者控制京津地区，使京津地区“门户洞开”，从而使清政府完全处于外国军队的控制之下，便于侵略者直接派兵镇压中国人民的反帝斗争。 其三、按照条约规定，清朝官吏严厉镇压中国人民的反帝斗争，使它们进一步成为帝国主义的帮凶。 其四、改设外务部的规定，便于清政府能够按照外国侵略者的意旨实行卖国的外交政策。 《辛丑条约》是帝国主义强加给中国的一个严重的不平等条约，列强除了穷凶极恶地对中国进行敲诈勒索以外，还重新确立了以慈禧太后为首的清政府继续充当它们在华的代理人。慈禧太后竟然厚颜无耻地表示，要“量中华之物力，结与国之欢心”，充分暴露了其卖国嘴脸。从此，清政府彻底成为帝国主义统治中国的工具。《辛丑条约》的签订，标志着中国半殖民地半封建社会的统治秩序完全确立，中国的半殖民地半封建社会最终形成了。

uncle叔叔

In the word " uncle", there are five letters of u, n, c, l, e.

　　1、鸦片战争标志着中国半殖民地半封建社会形成的开始，《辛丑条约》的签订标志着　　中国半殖民地半封建社会的形成；　　2、详解：　　（1）鸦片战争使中国丧失了独立自主地位,开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会,中国社会性质发生了巨大变化.（2）第二次鸦片战争使外国侵略势力从沿海深入到内地,从东南沿海扩展到东北沿海,中国半殖民地化的程度进一步加深.（3）中法战争中国不败而败,不仅充分暴露了清政府的软弱无能,而且进一步刺激了列强侵略中国的野心,加快了中国半殖民地化进程.（4）甲午战争的失败和《马关条约》的签订,使中国半殖民地化的进程大大加快.首先,清政府承认日本控制朝鲜,便利了日本以朝鲜为跳板,向中国东北扩张势力.台湾、澎湖列岛大片领土的割让,刺激了列强瓜分中国的野心.此后,列强纷纷在中国划分“势力范围”,妄图把中国变成它们的殖民地.新的通商口岸的开放和内河新航线的开辟,使帝国主义侵略势力进一步深入到中国内地.其次,巨额赔款不仅加重了中国人民的负担,而且便利了列强对中国的资本输出,使列强进一步控制中国的财政和经济命脉,严重阻碍了中国民族工业的发展.当然,甲午战争以后,随着民族资本主义的发展和列强对华投资的增加,封建自然经济逐步走向消亡.特别是新民主主义经济出现后,从根本上不断瓦解着封建经济、官僚资本主义经济和外国资本主义经济,代表了中国半封建化的必然走向,是历史的进步.（5）1900年的八国联军侵华战争和1901年签订的《辛丑条约》,最终使中国完全成为半殖民地半封建社会.

近代中国一直被资本主义世界所侵略，但不是完全被其控制，没有像印度一样彻底沦为殖民地，所以是半殖民地。而又由于是清政府统治下的社会，国家掌控者是封建君主，社会也是封建形态，但也不是完全由君主主导的封建统治所以是半封建。 而这种形态的形成，是由于资本主义世界用武力侵略和经济侵略强行造成的，列强为各自的利益而强行改造而成的不健康的社会形态，所以又是畸形的。半殖民地的意思是国家有政府,但没有完全的主权,一些国家主权,比如我们国家的海关等被外国控制；半封建的意思是我们国家当时的经济特点是既有封建的小农经济也有资本主义经济,就是半封建半资本主义经济的意思.半殖民地半封建社会实际上是半殖民地半独立,半封建半资本主义的略称.

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