一般将来时

一般将来时
1、概述
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next week, next year等.
Why don"t you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.为什么不把肉放在冰箱里?它可以保鲜好几天.
-You"ve left the light on. 你忘了关灯了.
- Oh , so I have. I"ll go and turn it off. 噢,那我马上去关.
2、构成
一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成.will用于第二、三人称,shall第一人称.在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩写为"ll,will not简缩为won"t[wount].但在美国英语中,各种人称皆可用will.
He will help his sister with her lessons.他将帮助他妹妹做功课.
We won"t be free this afternoon.今天下午我们没空.
3、一般将来时的用法
（1）表示未来的动作或存在状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等.
We shall leave for London next Monday.我们将在下周一去伦敦.
He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.后天他要来看你.
You will be 20 next year.明年你就二十了.
（2）表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作
We shall come and work in this factory every year.我们将每年来这工厂参加劳动.
The students will have five English classes per week this term.本学期学生每周将要上五节英语课.
4、一般将来时的其他表达法
（1）“be going to+动词原形”表将来
① 这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事.
What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?
They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面.
② 还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况.
I think I"m going to die. 我想我要死了.(现在生命垂危)
Look at the cloud. It"s going to rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了.(乌云密布,使我断定天要下雨)
The ice is going to break.冰就要破了.
③这种结构表示“肯定、预测,注定会”.在这种情况下可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用.
He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格,他一看试卷就知道考不及格.
The question is going to be very complex.这个问题将会很复杂.
The voters aren"t going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的.
④be going to 和will的区别
a. will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,不含任何具体的时间,可以指遥远的将来；而be going to 指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生,通常指很快就要发生的事情.
Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing.听那风声,我们横渡时一定困难很大.
She will not shove the heavy load onto others.她不愿意把重担推给别人.
He will get better.他的病会好的.（即认为最终会恢复健康,而不是马上恢复）
He is gong to get better.他的病就会好了.(指有恢复的迹象)
b. be gong to 和will均可表示意图,但事先考虑过的意图用be going to,不是事先考虑过的意图用will.
-Why have you torn the paper into pieces?你怎么把论代撕了?
- I am going to rewrite it.(事先考虑,不用will)我要重写.
-Is it really a big stone?
-I will help you to move it.(未经事先考虑,不用be going to )
He will go his own way.他一意孤行.
I won"t do so.我不愿这样做.
c. be going to可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来,而will不能.
If you are going to attend the meeting, you"d better leave now.如果你要去参加这个会,你最好现在走.（不用will）
If you are going to accept the job, start to work now.如果你想接受这项工作,从现在开始上班.（不用will）
（2）用现在进行时来表示将来
①现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词,如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等,还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等.常与表示将来的时间状语连用.
I"m leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏.
When are you going back to your factory? 你什么时候回工厂?
He is not coming.他不来了.
They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午到达.
②进行时表示将来与be going to 的区别
be going to表示说话前事先考虑过的意图(intend),现在进行时表示事先安排的动作（plan）；表示有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生用be going to,不用现在进行时.
Mary and Jane are going to meet tonight.（have an intention to）
Mary and Jane are meeting tonight.( 事先安排的动作)
I feel dizzy, I think I am going to faint.（不能用I fainting）我感到头晕,我想我要昏倒.
（3）“be about to+动词原形”表将来
“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作.它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用.
The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始.
They are about to set out.(不能说,They are about to set out soon) 他们就要出发.
The ship is about to sail.轮船马上就要启航.
比较：be about to 与be not about to 的差异
be about to 意为“正要、马上就”；be not about to 意为“不愿意……”.
He is about to come out. Please wait a moment.他马上就出来,请稍等.
He is not about to do that again.他不愿再做那件事了.
（4）“be to+动词原形”表将来
“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见.
There"s to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯.
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o"clock.到10点你得交上试卷.
If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成功,他就必须拼命干.
（5） 一般现在时表示将来
用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的动作.这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词,如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等.
The plane starts at 8 o"clock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞.
When does the show begin?展览什么时候开始?