- 陶小凡
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定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物
三、定语从句结构错误
1. 缺关系词
2. 从句中缺成分
摘自《简明英语语法》
在英文中,有两种定语从句:限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如:
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。 例如:Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。
212回答者: Emmashao - 大魔法师 八级 2006-5-21 11:01
你仔细看看定语从句吧,名词性从句我帮不了你
- 大鱼炖火锅
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根本区别是非限必须有先行词
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 篇1 定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种: 1.限制性定语从句(Restrictive attributive clauses): 限制性定语从句,使所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西,如果去掉它,那个词就失去意义,句子就不能成立或不完整: Any one who leaves litter in these woods will beprosecuted. 谁要是在林中乱扔垃圾将受到指控。 这句话如把who引起的定语从句去掉,句子就不能成立。上节例子中的定语从句大部分都是限制性定语从句。只有在这种定语从句中,关系代词才有可能省略。 2.非限制性定语从句(Non—Restrictive Attributive Clauses): 有些定语从句只对某个词作进一步的说明,例如: She was married to Tony, who was also a student. 这里who引起的就是一个非限定性定语从句,拿掉之后句子还能成立。在一般情况下,非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句予的其它部分分开,在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。下面例句中部包含有非限制性定语从句: The note was left by Jim,who was here a moment ago. 这个条子是吉姆留的,他刚才来过。 She introduced me to her husband,whom I hadn"t met before. 她把我介绍给她丈夫,这人我以前没见过。 This is George,whose class you will be taking. 这是乔治,你将接他的班。 I have many friends,some of whom were painters. 我有许多朋友,其中有些是画家。 She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed shespokewell. 她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的,也不能使用关系代词that引导。指物时which用得比较多,有时还可代表更广泛的意思,指人时用who(whom)。 限制性定语从句 篇2 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去;非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。在以上几个单元我们已经学习了限制性定语从句,现在把两种从句作对比学习。 一、 限制性定语从句 1.关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人,which只代表事物,它们在从句 中作主语或宾语。在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ball. The present that(which)I received last week was from my sister. This is a book which is about space rocket technology. 2.关系代词who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。如: This is the man who helped me. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 3. whose是关系代词,修饰名词,作定语,相当于who和whom的所有格,既可以修饰人又可以修饰物。如: Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fei? We lived in a room whose window opens to the west. 4. where是关系副词,用来引导表示地点的定语从句,where在从句中作状语。如: At last we arrived at a small village where we"ll work for a week. 5. when是关系副词,引导定语从句表示时间,在从句中作状语。 注意,表示时间的the time,the day, the moment作先行词,其定语从句引导词有四种情况:1)when,2) in/ on which3) that4)省略。如: By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the day I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities. 6. why是关系副词,引导定语从句表示原因,在从句中作状语。 7.关系副词when, where, why可以用“介词+关系代词”结构代替,但有两点要注意: 1)在“介词+关系代词”结构中,不能用that。关系代词指物用which,指人时用whom,不用who;且which和whom在这个结构中不能省略。如: The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (正确) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(错误) 2)在使用介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时,含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等。如“This is the watch which/that I am looking for.”不可以改为“This is the watch for which I am looking.” 二、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的`成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句,可用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。如: She heard a terrible noise,which brought her heart into her mouth. David studies hard and is ready to help others,which is what his parents expect. 2.在非限制性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which或as代表事物。关系代词作定语时用whose。如: He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有时表达的意义不同,试分析下面两个句子的差别: His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥) 3. as和which引导非限制性定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是: 1)As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。 He married her, as/which was natural. He was honest, as/which we can see. As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. 2)as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以 切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. John, as you know, is a famous writer. He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don"t believe.注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3)the same… as;such…as是固定结构,意思是“和……一样……。”如: I have got into the same trouble as he (has). I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意:当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。如: She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary"s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 语法专项练习 单项填空 1. The soldier ran to the building, and ____flew a flag. A. on the top of whichB. on the top of whom C. on the top of itD. which 2. When the same man ____murdered the old lady entered the hotel once more, the waiter immediately phoned the police. A. asB. thatC. whichD. whom 3. He wore, ____was very common at the time, a black jacket. A. thatB. whichC. itD. what 4. Was it in the room ____Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held? A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whereD. that; where 5. ____, the population of China is the largest in the world. A. It is known thatB. As is well known C. Which is well knownD. We all know that 6. This is the very reason____ he gave me. A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. which 7. He arrived in New York in 1949, ____, some time later, he became a writer. A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which 8. They"re talking about the newly opened market, ____you get all ____you need. A. in which; whichB. where; thatC. where; whichD. which; that 9. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth. A. itB. whichC. thisD. that 10. I said nothing, ____made her angry. A. whichB. whatC. /D. that 11. I shall never forget the time ____the blacks and whites were fighting side by side. A. whenB. thatC. /D. A, B and C 12. He has three sons, ____are doctors. A. two of whomB. both of whomC. all of themD. each of them 13. He tore up my photo, and____ made me angry. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who 14. I still remember the sitting-room____ my mother and I sat in last year. A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. to which 15. The day we looked forward to ____. A. comeB. comingC. having comeD. has come 答案 1. C。由于and的存在,这是并列句,而不是非限制性定语从句,排除A. 2. B。这里the same修饰man,其后只能用能代表人的关系代词that引导定语从句;whom是宾格,这里引导词要在从句中作主语,故不能用。 3. B。which引导一个非限制性定语从句,which所代表的是整个主句的意思,为了强调从句而提前了。 4. B。识别强调句型不难,但极有可能在第一个空填that,而误选D。其实被强调的部分还含有一个定语从句,修饰room. 5. B。只有as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前,排除C;若去掉句中的逗号,A项则可构成含有主语从句的复合句,D项则可构成含有宾语从句的复合句。 6. A。强干扰项是B.这里不选why,是因为定语从句缺的是宾语,故用关系代词that.试比较:This is the reason why he gave me so much money;先行词已被very一类的词修饰过了,其后定语从句不用which引导,故亦排除D. 7. B。强干扰项是A.想当然地认为定语从句先行词是时间,事实上,这个非限制性定语从句所修饰的先行词是地点New York,被介词结构分隔了。 8. B。where引导非限制性定语从句,在该定语从句中,不定代词all又带that引导的限制性定语从句。 9. B。从句子结构看,这是个主从复合句,故不用it和this;引导非限制性定语从句不用that. 10. A。如果只想当然地认为nothing是不定代词,其后的定语从句要用that引导,就错了。这里是一个非限制性定语从句,应该用which引导,并且which所代表的是整个主句的意思。 11. D。英语中少数几个与时间有关的名词,如the time, the day, the moment作先行词,所带定语从句的引导词可用that代替when,也可以省略。 12. A。如果看出这是个定语从句,C、D很容易排除。Both of whom中的whom指两个,数量是2/2;two of whom, whom指三人,数量是2/3. 13. A。强干扰项是C,因为有and,这是并列句,不是非限制性定语从句。这里that是指示代词,作主语。 14. C。如果错误地把后面的介词in理解为in last year,可能误选A、B.事实上,in与前边的关系代词that引导定语从句。Last year是名词词组作时间状语,不加冠词。 15. D。这里“(that/which) we looked forward to”是修饰the day的定语从句;to的宾语是省略了的引导词。 限制性定语从句 篇3 1、限制性定语从句是对先行词的内容进行严格、明确限定的定语从句,与先行词的意思关系非常紧密。 2、此时如果把限制性从句移除,先行词的意思就会受影响,意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的变化。所以,限制性定语从句是不能移除的。 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时, 或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意:当先行词指人时, 偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won"t do such a thing. 2.当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4.当形容词被the very, the only修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时, 偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人, 也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 限制性定语从句 篇4 which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句): which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子的内容,也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等),在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置:只能放在主句后,不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时,常用which,只指物。 Yellowstone National Park,which is in Wyoming,is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州,是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。 The clock,which my grandfather bought,is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的,现在还走得很准时。 The picture,for which he paid an enormous amount of money,was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买,却是幅赝品。 I lived three years in Paris,during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年,在那期间我学了法语。 限制性定语从句 篇5 1. as引导限制性定语从句的主要结构有:the same…as;as…as;such…as;so…as。主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词,需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。例,It"s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday . 2、as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容,从句可置于句首,句中或句尾。 例:As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 3、非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时,常用as做主语。 例:besaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed2023-07-26 04:04:071
限制性定语从句是什么意思
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什么是限制性定语从句
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限制性定语从句介绍
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限定性定语从句的知识
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什么是限制性定语从句?
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法区别:一、 句法功能、表现形式不同定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定语从句)English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)二、 先行词不尽相同。限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如:He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.2023-07-26 04:05:521
限制定语从句的用法
一、基本概念: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有:when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法: (一)关系代词的用法: 1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如: He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如: The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如: (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”,如: They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He"s written a book the name of which I"ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4. 作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如: He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. (二)关系副词的"用法: 1.when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如: I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如: Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等,如: This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注:where有时也可以省略。如: This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注:why时常也可以省略。如: That is the real reason he did it. (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点: 1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构: when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如: I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I"ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I"ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只 能引导限制性定语从句。 三.限制 性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。如: This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如: This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where,不可以用that和why。 另外,非限制性定语从句从意义上讲,相当于一个并列句,在口语中使用并不普遍,在日常生活中,人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如: I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 3.两种定语从句的内涵不同,限制性定语从句具有涉他性,而非限制性定语从句具有 唯一性,这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较: All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. (只有一个) His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. (不止一个) 4.有时,非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,这时一般采用which或as来引导。如: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. 注:(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, is a part of China. (2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常 识性的东西,因此常译成“就象… …那样”。 (3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用,则用which,而不用as,如: She stole her friend"s money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which upset me. 5.在正式文体中,以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导,如: The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. 但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略in which或 that : The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I don"t like the way (that) you laugh at her.2023-07-26 04:06:021
限制性的定语从句
限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用,关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等,没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开,表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。 例句: Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought this morning? 非限制性定语从句: 作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释,和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系,文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开,用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似,只是不能用that做修饰词。 例句: This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well. The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school. 一、 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。 二、 从形式上看,限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连,两者没有停顿;非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。从意义上讲,限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词,两者密不可分;而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明,两者关系不那么紧密。由于两种定语从句存在着这些区别,一般来说,限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语,修饰其后的先行词,非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。通常对定语从句处理如下: (1) 限制性定语从句译成前置定语 These neighborhoods frequently recreate much of the culture and the values of the nationality that makes up the majority of the population. 这些居民区经常再现构成大多数居民的大量民族文化和价值观念。 (2) 非限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句 In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. 几乎所有的发展中国家经济的发展都依赖于出口贸易的增长,而出口的"增长又有助于创造更多的就业机会和提高人民的生活水平。 但是,有时候因为意思上的关系,或者出于汉语句子结构上的考虑,要把限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句,而把非限制性定语从句译成前置定语。 (3) 限制性定语从句译成后置的并列从句 Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November. 每个队每赛季参加十到十一场比赛,每个赛季九月份开始,十一月份结束。 (4) 非限制性定语从句译成前置定语 He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long since out of date, were covered with dust. 他好象是散步之后回家去,因为他那早已过时的扣鞋上布满了灰尘。 (5) 有的定语从句,从意义上看实际相当于一个状语从句,表示原因,目的,结果,让步等关系。这样的定语从句应译出汉语的偏正复句,但是要加上相应的连接词以表明其与主句的关系。 Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world. 挪威自然十分关切欧洲和大西洋国家的发展,因为这些发展大大有助于维护世界上我们这一地区的和平和安全 说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 三、下面是些例题,你做做看。 一、that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如: 【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, ________brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句,尽管先行词noise属于事物,也不能用that而要用which来引导。which指代noise,在从句中作主语。 二、除which外,还可用when,where,whose,whom等引导非限制性定语从句,且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如: Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。(关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month,并作从句的状语。) She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住,在那里她有几个密友。 (关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao,并在从句中作状语。) 【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】选B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语,既可指代人,也可指代物。指物时,常可转换为of which;指人时常可转换为of whom。 【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,______many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行词5:30 pm与time之间是一种同位关系,可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态,常与by短语连用。故选D。 三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如: He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母,他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。 四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which,既可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整句的含义。如: 【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,________made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【解析】选B。指代“Dorothy总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色”的整个事件。 【考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】表示时间的名词October,用“我个人非常怀疑”来修饰,意思不通。应该修饰整个主句, 表示对“Carol说在十月前能做好这项工作”怀疑。故选D。 五、引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异:从句置于句首时,非限制性定语从句只能用as引导,而置于句末时,两者都可以使用。 如: 【考例六】________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】逗号表明为非限制性定语从句。选B。 【考例七】________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 【解析】答案为B。与考例六同理。2023-07-26 04:06:121
限制性定语从句怎么用?
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力。(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。)从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。)与主句关系密切,不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which先研究下面两个例句:○1.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇。○2.Tomdidn"tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气。这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处:1.在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。2.在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2。再如:1.Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。2.Thestreethasn"tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不用as)3.Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不用as)4.Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)5.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisrath2023-07-26 04:06:201
什么是限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是相对于非限制性定语从句而言的,限制性定语从句中从句和主句关系密切,写时不用逗号分开。而非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。2023-07-26 04:06:402
英语限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
为您解答区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。区别二:功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。如:People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)2023-07-26 04:06:542
什么是限制性定语从句
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,其中,限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确,因而不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。限定性定语从句表现为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若省略,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义,和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。关系代词: that which who whom1.that既可代表事物也可代表人, which代表事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词,which在从句中作宾语不可以省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉.eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.2. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。关系副词:where when whose1.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。eg. I went the Zhongshan Park, where was the right destination.2.when引导定语从句表示时间,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。eg.By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.3.whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物,当它引导的从句修饰物体时,意思相当于of which。eg. I saw a boy standing on the groud, whose hat was red.希望能帮到你2023-07-26 04:07:112
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句分别是什么?
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句分别是如下:一、形式上分别如下:1、限制性定语从句:限定性从句无逗号,口语表达时不停顿。2、非限制性定语从句:非限定性从句有逗号,口语表达时有停顿。二、功能上分别如下:1、限制性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制、识别的作用。2、非限制性定语从句:非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。三、翻译上分别如下:1、限制性定语从句:翻译定语从句时,一般限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前。2、非限制性定语从句:翻译定语从句时,非限定性定语从句与主句分开。相关信息:1.先行词既指人又指物。2.先行词被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等不定代词修饰时,或先行词本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no构成的复合词。3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。4.先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same修饰。5.有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词。6.主句以who,what,which开头的特殊疑问句。2023-07-26 04:07:201
非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句区别举例说明
I have two sons who work at school.我有两个在学校工作的儿子。I have two sons,who work at school.我有两个儿子,儿子在学校工作。2023-07-26 04:07:366
什么叫做限制性定语从句!
http://baike.baidu.com/view/576411.htm#sub576411百度百科上有。2023-07-26 04:08:534
谁能举例说明限定性定语从句和非限定性的
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别,现作简要介绍。一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。例 3. This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句。例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。四、关系词的使用情况有所不同(一) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。误: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.例 2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。误: He didn"t pass the exam, that disappointed me.正: He didn"t pass the exam, which disappointed me.值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who , which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when , where 引导非限制性定语从句。例 1. We"ll graduate in July, when we will be free.我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。(二)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。析:先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom .例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。析:先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom .例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。误: She has a sister, that is a teacher.正: She has a sister, who is teacher.(三)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。析:先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。析:先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省。2023-07-26 04:09:031
限定性定语从句和非限定从句区别
限定性定语从句和非限定从句区别:区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。区别二:功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用。区别三:翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。区别四:含义不同比较下面的两个句子:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别五:先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。区别六:关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容),而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。2023-07-26 04:09:122
限制性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
如果用英语定语从句来给你讲,你永远搞不清楚,因为你已经糊涂了,我只用两句中文例子表达一下,你一下就自然发现什么是限定什么是非限定了.所谓定语从句,就是用句子做了形容语来修饰先行词,那这个句子叫定语从句.(基本是这样,特殊情况例外,先不讲,讲多你就晕了)我有一个长着一头长发的女儿.(主:我 谓:有 宾:女儿 )(长着一头长发的)=定语我有一个女儿,她长着一头长发.中文我想你一下就看明白了,第一句要表达的意思是完全清晰准确的,也就是说定语一定要修饰宾语这个名词的.而第二句只是泛泛的说明了一下,没有强调.我有个女儿,他长着一头长发,靠,应该明白了吧!英语的限定与非限定完全取决于中文你要表达的意思,对吧,你的中文严密,英语就限定,不严密强调,英语就非限定.你肯定会问为什么要用句子来代替形容词,因为英语中没有这样的单词有这样的意思,你可以说一个漂亮的女孩,a beautiful agirl,你能找一个单词是这样的意思吗,长着一头长发的,因为没有一个单词是这样的意思,所有要用英语从句.我有一个长着一头发长的女儿.限定I have a girl who has long hair.我有一个女儿,她有一头长发.非限定I have a girl,who has long hair.看明白了吗?关键是你想要表达什么,英语就是根据你的意思来写的.2023-07-26 04:10:232
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
一、在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整. 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用.如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整. 二、外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开. 例 1.Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗? 例 2.Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器. 例 3.This is the place where he used to live. 这就是他过去居住的地方. 例 4.Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友. 例 5.We walked down the village street,where they were having market day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集.在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开.在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开.2023-07-26 04:10:301
限制性和非限制性定语从句有什么区别
1、限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别:限定性定语从句不需要用逗号与主句隔开,非限定性定语从句需要用逗号与主句隔开。2、看例子:(1)I have a brother who is an actor.②I have a brother ,who is an actor.这两点句子几乎一模一样,只是第二句多了个逗号!但是他们的差别就很大!(2)是限定性定语从句,既然需要限定,说明我的兄弟很多。句子翻译是: 我有一个兄弟是演员!当然我还有其他兄弟!也可以翻译成: 我其中的一个兄弟是演员!(3)是非限定性定语从句,既然不需要限定,那说明我只有一个兄弟!句子翻译成:我有一个兄弟是演员!当然我只有一个兄弟!也可以翻译成:我唯一的兄弟是演员!当然我们平时不会这样说话!3、这样就区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别了!其共有的特性是补充和说明!2023-07-26 04:10:371
定语从句中关系代词as的用法
定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面为大家带来了定语从句中关系代词as的用法,欢迎大家参考! 一、AS引导限制性定语从句。 AS引导限制性定语从句时,通常和such,the same,as(so)等连用,构成such...as/such as,the same...as/the same as,as(so)...as等结构,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。 1.such...as/such as意为“...的那种...,像那样的”,such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时,既可指人,也可指物。such用于名词之前时,具有形容词性质;such单独使用(即后面不接名词)时,具有代词性质。 Don"t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。 You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语) 你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。 Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主语) 要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交。 2.the same...as/the same as意为“与...同样的”,和such一样,the same既有形容词作用,又有代词性质。 We have arrived at the same conclusoin as they have.(as作宾语) 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。 比较:the same...as和the same...that不同,前者是“同那一个相似”,后者是“正是那一个”。如: This is the same watch as I lost. 这同我丢的那块表一样。 This is the same watch that I lost 这正是我丢的那块表。 3.as(so)...as意为“和...一样”,后接由many,much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词,注意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as,如: It"s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. 这是一部和我以往看的`同样好的电影。 As many soldiers as marched were killed. 很多**的战士都被杀了。 注意:such ...as与such...that ,so...as与 so...that的区别: that是连词,引出结果状语从句,在从句部分不作成分;as是关系代词,引出定语从句,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。比较: He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him. He is such a nice boy as everyone likes. It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out. It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout. 二、AS引导非限制性定语从句。 AS引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为“这...,如...或正如...”。这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后。 As we all know,hainan belongs to China. hainan,as we all know, belongs to China. hainan belongs to China,as we all know. 注意下面的习惯用法: as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的 as is often said 正如通常所说 as is often the case 通常就是这样 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all众所周知 在多数情况下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解释的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如图所示 as seen from the table 从表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已讨论过的 高考题精选: 1.______is known to all,China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 years" time.(1994上海) A.That;advancingB.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing 2.______is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.(1999上海) A.It B.As C.That D.Which 3.These houses are sold at such a low price________people expected. A.likeB.as C.that D.which 4.________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001NMET) A.It B.As C.That D.What 5.There at the door stood a girl about the same height __________.(2004北京春) A.as me B. as mine C.with mine D. with me 6.__________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.(2004北京) A. It B. As C. That D. What 7._________is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(2004江苏) A. Which B. When C. WhatD. As 8._______I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting. A.When B.AfterC.AsD.Since 9.The Beatles,_________many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool. A.what B.that C.how D.as Keys:CBBBABDCD2023-07-26 04:10:451
限制性定语从句的标志词
不是标志词,称为关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。 如果先行词是表示人的词,关系词有:who, whom, whose, that; 如果表示事物的词是先行词,关系词有:which, that, whose。 另外,不太常用的定语从句关系词还有than。2023-07-26 04:10:531
怎么区分限制性与非限制性状语从句
在翻译上,非限制性定语从句独立成句进行翻译,限制性定语从句既可以独立也可以融入主句进行翻译,只是翻译技巧的问题。而在语法上,非限制性定语从句并不影响整个句子,去掉也可以,它只是一个补充,可有可无。而限制性定语从句是句子的一部分,去掉后会影响读者对于整个句子的理解,并不是可有可无的。你可以拿两个句子进行对比。2023-07-26 04:11:111
that引导限制性定语从句,举个例句,谢谢
that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:1.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。例如:TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp.2.先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?3.先行词既指人又指物时。例如:Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.4主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。例如:Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCities.6.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如:Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe2023-07-26 04:11:171
限定性定语从句用法
限定性定语从句用法1 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which (1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 (2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。 (3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 在限定性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时,关系代词可省略。 (1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在读的书很有趣。 (2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法区别: 一、 句法的功能、表现形式不同 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如: Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定语从句) English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定语从句) 二、 先行词不尽相同 限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如: He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 三、 关系词的使用情况有所不同 1. that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。如: Her father gave her a computer for her birthday,which pleased her a lot. 2. why 不用在非限制性定语从句中,需用for which代替。如: I told them the reason, for which I didn"t attend the party last week. 3. 关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。如: This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years. The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for. 4. 关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如: She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you. All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 四、 下列情形用非限制性定语从句 1. 当“不定数量词 (如some, several) / 数词 + of which / whom”表示“整体 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如: We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers. There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada. 2. 当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如: My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners. 限定性定语从句用法2 (一)限定性定语从句that的用法 that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词,which在从句中作宾语可以省略。[eg:this is the book which you want。]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置。 (二)非限定性定语从句的用法 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislikes it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的"那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,whom代表人,用which代表事物. “限定和非限定”性定语从句的区别 1、限定性定语从句: 不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整 非限定性定语从句: 可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整 2、限定性定语从句: 可以用that 引导 非限定性定语从句: 不可以用that 引导 3、限定性定语从句: 关联词有时可以省略 非限定性定语从句:关联词不可以省略 4、限定性定语从句:不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开 非限定性定语从句:用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开 5、限定性定语从句: 只能修饰先行词 非限定性定语从句:可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分 这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别: 限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如: Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。例如:Earlier,the Babylonians had attempted to map the world,but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere,which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . (此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。) 更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites,which transmit information,computers,which store information,and television,which displays information,will change every home into an education and entertainment center . (此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为: The combination of satellites,computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The old man has a son,who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子"。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句: The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。2023-07-26 04:11:481
什么叫限制性定语从句
限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,若去掉,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。2023-07-26 04:11:571
什么是限制性定语从句
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,其中,限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确,因而不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。限定性定语从句表现为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若省略,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义,和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。关系代词: that which who whom1.that既可代表事物也可代表人, which代表事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词,which在从句中作宾语不可以省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉.eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.2. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。关系副词:where when whose1.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。eg. I went the Zhongshan Park, where was the right destination.2023-07-26 04:12:122
限定性定语从句用英语怎么说
restrictive attributive clause;restrictive a2023-07-26 04:12:213
怎样区分限制性和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用,关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等,没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开,表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。 例句: Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought this morning? 非限制性定语从句: 作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释,和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系,文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开,用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似,只是不能用that做修饰词。 例句: This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well. The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school.一、 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。 二、 从形式上看,限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连,两者没有停顿;非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。从意义上讲,限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词,两者密不可分;而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明,两者关系不那么紧密。由于两种定语从句存在着这些区别,一般来说,限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语,修饰其后的先行词,非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。通常对定语从句处理如下: (1) 限制性定语从句译成前置定语 These neighborhoods frequently recreate much of the culture and the values of the nationality that makes up the majority of the population. 这些居民区经常再现构成大多数居民的大量民族文化和价值观念。 (2) 非限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句 In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. 几乎所有的发展中国家经济的发展都依赖于出口贸易的增长,而出口的增长又有助于创造更多的就业机会和提高人民的生活水平。 但是,有时候因为意思上的关系,或者出于汉语句子结构上的考虑,要把限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句,而把非限制性定语从句译成前置定语。 (3) 限制性定语从句译成后置的并列从句 Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November. 每个队每赛季参加十到十一场比赛,每个赛季九月份开始,十一月份结束。 (4) 非限制性定语从句译成前置定语 He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long since out of date, were covered with dust. 他好象是散步之后回家去,因为他那早已过时的扣鞋上布满了灰尘。 (5) 有的定语从句,从意义上看实际相当于一个状语从句,表示原因,目的,结果,让步等关系。这样的定语从句应译出汉语的偏正复句,但是要加上相应的连接词以表明其与主句的关系。 Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world. 挪威自然十分关切欧洲和大西洋国家的发展,因为这些发展大大有助于维护世界上我们这一地区的和平和安全 说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 三、下面是些例题,你做做看。 一、that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如: 【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, ________brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句,尽管先行词noise属于事物,也不能用that而要用which来引导。which指代noise,在从句中作主语。 二、除which外,还可用when,where,whose,whom等引导非限制性定语从句,且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如: Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。(关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month,并作从句的状语。) She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住,在那里她有几个密友。 (关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao,并在从句中作状语。) 【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】选B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语,既可指代人,也可指代物。指物时,常可转换为of which;指人时常可转换为of whom。 【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,______many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行词5:30 pm与time之间是一种同位关系,可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态,常与by短语连用。故选D。 三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如: He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母,他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。 四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which,既可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整句的含义。如: 【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,________made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【解析】选B。指代“Dorothy总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色”的整个事件。 【考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】表示时间的名词October,用“我个人非常怀疑”来修饰,意思不通。应该修饰整个主句, 表示对“Carol说在十月前能做好这项工作”怀疑。故选D。 五、引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异:从句置于句首时,非限制性定语从句只能用as引导,而置于句末时,两者都可以使用。 如: 【考例六】________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】逗号表明为非限制性定语从句。选B。 【考例七】________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 我的回答你还满意吗?望采纳,谢谢!2023-07-26 04:12:404
限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一。限定性定语从句表现为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若省略,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义,和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。 限制性定语从句只能用that的情况如下: 1.先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。 例如: Is there any thing that you want to buy? 2.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。 例如: These are all the pictures that I have seen. Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp. 3.先行词既指人又指物时。 例如: My father and his teacher talked about the things and the persons that they could remember. 4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 例如: Our school is not the one that it used to be. 5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例如: This ist he best Englishfilm that I have ever seen. The first English novelthat I read wa sA Tale of Two Cities. 6.主句是who或which引导的"特殊问句时。 例如: Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that weused last Sunday? 【延伸阅读】 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的理解与用法 根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度,定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。从形式上看,限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿;从功能上看,限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。如: People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 另外,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句所修饰的先行词通常也有所不同:限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。如: Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)2023-07-26 04:12:521
which限制性定语从句
考点which引导的非限制性定语从句 which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句): which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子的内容,也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等),在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置:只能放在主句后,不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时,常用which,只指物。 Yellowstone National Park,which is in Wyoming,is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州,是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。 The clock,which my grandfather bought,is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的,现在还走得很准时。 The picture,for which he paid an enormous amount of money,was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买,却是幅赝品。 I lived three years in Paris,during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年,在那期间我学了法语。 考点as引导的非限制性定语从句 在as引导的非限制性定语从句中,连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等,可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活,可以在句子前面、句子中间或句子末尾。常用的"结构有:as we all know; as is well known to...;as is often the case;as is said/mentioned above;as has been said before;as I told you before;as is evident;as often happens;as can be seen;as is/was expected;as we expect;as I can remember等。 注意:(1)as通常只指整个句子的内容,不表示部分内容。 (2)as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的,料想到的”,表达“好”的方面。 (3)as引导限制性定语从句时,常构成the same...as..., such...as..., so/as...as...等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物,也可以指整个句子。 This is also part of your work,as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你,这也是你工作的一部分。 The man was a teacher,as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出,他是个老师。 Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。 He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。2023-07-26 04:13:001
如何区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句啊?
一、形式不同1、限制性定语从句:限定性从句无逗号,口语表达时不停顿。2、非限制性定语从句:非限定性从句有逗号,口语表达时有停顿。二、功能不同1、限制性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制、识别的作用。2、非限制性定语从句:非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。三、翻译不同1、限制性定语从句:翻译定语从句时,一般限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前。2、非限制性定语从句:翻译定语从句时,非限定性定语从句与主句分开。2023-07-26 04:13:101
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
定语从句的分类: 限制性定语从句和非限制性的定语从句 限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开,对所修饰的词起特指或限定的作用,去掉后意思不完整或不太清楚。翻译成中文时,一般把定语从句翻译在先行词之前。 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, of which和关系副词when, where, why等。 eg. This is the man who helped me. I was the only person in our office that was invite to the palace ball. 非限制性的定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,只对被修饰的词语或主句起补充说明的作用,去掉后对句意影响不大。翻译时通常把定语从句翻译在先行词后边,作为附加说明。 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom, whose, which, as和关系副词when, where,一般不用that 引导。 eg. I have two sisters, who are both doctors. Last Sunday they reached Shanghai, where a meeting was holding. 定语从句的考查热点 1.间隔式定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句先 行词之间有时会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定 语从句的隔离。 eg. This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about. He was the only person in this country that was invited. (1). 因定语从句过长,为使句子保持平衡,通常定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。 eg. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway villiage. (2). 在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加句子的灵活性。 eg. Kate was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy. The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk, right under my nose. 2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时,定 语从句的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。 eg. I, who am your classmate, will try my best to help you. He, who is your classmate, will try his best to help you. 注意句式: one of + 复数名词+关系代词+复数动词 the (only/very) one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词 He is one of the students who have made great progress. Tom is the only one of my friends who has been abroad.2023-07-26 04:13:421
什么是限制性定语从句什么是非限制性定语从句
定语从句根据从句与先行词关系分为限制性和非限制性。限制性关系紧密,两者最大区别是非限制性定语从句一般用逗号隔开,缺少也不改变句意。thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)2023-07-26 04:14:062
十句限制性定语从句例句
1 He is the man who often helps me with my studies.他就是那个经常在学习上帮助我的人。2 The book which I bought last week was lost.我上星期买的那本书不见了3 The girl whom I was talking to just now is my sisiter.刚刚跟我谈话的那个女孩是我姐姐。4 I will never forget the days when we stayed together last summer.我永远不会忘记上个夏天我们一起的日子。5 <Titanic> is the most wonderful movie that I have ever seen.《铁达尼号》是我看过的电影之中最棒的。6 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。7 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。8 I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。9 This is the villiage where I was born twenty years ago.这就是我二十年前出生的村庄。10 The reason why I was late was that I was caught in a traffic jam.我迟到的原因是我遭遇到塞车了。2023-07-26 04:14:213
限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
一、在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗? 例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 例 3. This is the place where he used to live. 这就是他过去居住的地方。 例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。 例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。 析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。 析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句。 例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。2023-07-26 04:14:491
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法区别:一、 句法功能、表现形式不同定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定语从句)English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)二、 先行词不尽相同。限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如:He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.2023-07-26 04:14:583
限制和非限制定语从句的区别
一、形式不同1、限制性定语从句:限定性从句无逗号,口语表达时不停顿。2、非限制性定语从句:非限定性从句有逗号,口语表达时有停顿。二、功能不同1、限制性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制、识别的作用。2、非限制性定语从句:非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。三、翻译不同1、限制性定语从句:翻译定语从句时,一般限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前。2、非限制性定语从句:翻译定语从句时,非限定性定语从句与主句分开。2023-07-26 04:15:331
限制性定语和非限制性定语从句怎么区分
从表面看,限制性定语从句和主句之间没有“,”逗号.非限制性定语从句 有 “,”从功能上看,限制性定语从句 对先行词 进行识别 筛选.非限制性定语从句 补充说明.比如His brother who joined the army has returned home.限制性定语从句who joined the army 对brother进行识别,筛选,他参军的那个兄弟.言外之意是,他有2个或以上兄弟.His brother,who joined the army has returned home.非限制性定语从句,对his brother 补充说明,他的兄弟,之前参军去了,现在回来了.言外之意,他只有一个兄弟.【附】定语从句的介绍定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,所以叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。2023-07-26 04:15:413
限制性定语从句限制了什么
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。 说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。2023-07-26 04:15:481
限制性定语从句做前置定语
1,限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一。限定性定语从句表现为先行词,在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若省略,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义,和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。例:She has found the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago,她找到她那条丢失两周的项链。2023-07-26 04:16:072
限制性定语从句和非限制性的区别
限制性定语从句:从字面上来看,从句是先行词的定语,对先行词起到修饰和限制的双重作用。修饰好理解,就是描述一下;限制的意思是,如果说话人不加一句限制,那么听话人很难明确说话人所指的是哪一个事物。例:”主持人请那个女孩表达一下观点。” 这时候,一般人都会觉得主持人可以直接用手指一下,大家包括被点到的女孩就会知道主持人在说谁,但是经常在这种情况下,主持人会对他所指定的人进行一个描述,把这个人限制在描述中,这样大家包括被点到的女孩就会知道主持人在说谁。因此可以变成“主持人请那个戴蓝色围巾的女孩表达一下观点。”英语:The host asked the girl who had a blue scarf to express her idea.非限制性定语从句:与限制性不同的地方在于,从句对主句先行词起补充说明的作用。这种情况下,默认说话人与听话人(包括在场的其他人),即使在没有限制住特定的事物的情况下,也都知道指的是谁或什么。例:“主持人请吴教授表达一下观点。”我们发现,这句与上句的区别就是,这里直接说出了人的姓氏、身份等专有信息,这就保证听话人一定知道在说谁,所以即使不修饰、不限制这个人,大家也是知道的。但是,出于实际情况的需要,也许我们要对先行词进行一个补充说明,就用非限制性定语从句来做,要加逗号:”主持人请吴教授表达一下观点,吴教授在指导毕业生选择合适职业有很多年的经验。”英语:The host asked Professor Wu, who had many years of experience in guiding graduates to seek proper careers, to express her idea.以上区别导致,限制性定语从句的先行词可以用不定冠词,也可以用定冠词;而非限制性定语从句的先行词绝对不能用不定冠词,且一般都是直接指定的专有名词。2023-07-26 04:16:161
限制性定语从句判断
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别: 一、在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意不完整。 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。 二、外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的.那个女孩吗? 例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 例 3. This is the place where he used to live. 这就是他过去居住的地方。 例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。 例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day. 我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。 析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 三、先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。 析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 四、关系词的使用情况有所不同 (一) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。 例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。 误:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 正:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. 例 2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。 误:He didn"t pass the exam, that disappointed me. 正:He didn"t pass the exam, which disappointed me. 值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who ,whose 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when , where 引导非限制性定语从句。 例 1. We"ll graduate in July, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。 例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。 (二)关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。 析:先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom . 例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。 析:先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom . 在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom . 例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。 误:She has a sister, that is a teacher. 正:She has a sister, who is teacher. (三)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 析:先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。 例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丢了这本书,但已找到了。 析:先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省2023-07-26 04:16:451
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别
定语从句的分类:限制性定语从句和非限制性的定语从句限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开,对所修饰的词起特指或限定的作用,去掉后意思不完整或不太清楚。翻译成中文时,一般把定语从句翻译在先行词之前。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,ofwhich和关系副词when,where,why等。eg.Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficethatwasinvitetothepalaceball.非限制性的定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,只对被修饰的词语或主句起补充说明的作用,去掉后对句意影响不大。翻译时通常把定语从句翻译在先行词后边,作为附加说明。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,as和关系副词when,where,一般不用that引导。eg.Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothdoctors.LastSundaytheyreachedShanghai,whereameetingwasholding.定语从句的考查热点1.间隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句先行词之间有时会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。eg.ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout.Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrythatwasinvited.(1).因定语从句过长,为使句子保持平衡,通常定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。eg.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvilliage.(2).在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加句子的灵活性。eg.Katewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.ThepenIthoughtIhadlostisonmydesk,rightundermynose.2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时,定语从句的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。eg.I,whoamyourclassmate,willtrymybesttohelpyou.He,whoisyourclassmate,willtryhisbesttohelpyou.注意句式:oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词the(only/very)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.Tomistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohasbeenabroad.2023-07-26 04:17:0310
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别...从形式 意义 数量 翻译来说啊
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别,现作简要介绍。一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。例 3. This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句。例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。四、关系词的使用情况有所不同(一) that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。误: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.例 2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。误: He didn"t pass the exam, that disappointed me.正: He didn"t pass the exam, which disappointed me.值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who , which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when , where 引导非限制性定语从句。例 1. We"ll graduate in July, when we will be free.我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。(二)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。析:先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom .例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。析:先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom .例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。误: She has a sister, that is a teacher.正: She has a sister, who is teacher.(三)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。析:先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。析:先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省。2023-07-26 04:17:524
限制性定语从句和非限制性的区别英文
限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一。限定性定语从句表现为先行词,在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若省略,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义,和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解,它与主句往往用逗号隔开,如若定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句和非限制性的区别:区别一:形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。 区别二:功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。如: People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三:翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如: He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I"ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。 区别四:含义不同 比较下面的两个句子: I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 区别五:先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。如: Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 区别六:关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容),而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。2023-07-26 04:17:592
20句限定性定语从句例句
限定性定语从句&非限定性定语从句的区别1限定性定语从句:不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整非限定性定语从句:可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整2限定性定语从句:可以用that引导非限定性定语从句:不可以用that引导3限定性定语从句:关联词有时可以省略非限定性定语从句:关联词不可以省略4限定性定语从句:不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开非限定性定语从句:用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开5限定性定语从句:只能修饰先行词非限定性定语从句:可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如:rainforestsarebeingclearedforvaluabletimberandotherresourcestospeeduptheeconomicgrowthofthenationsinwhichtheyarelocated.为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。oceancurrentsaffecttheclimatesofthelandsnearwhichtheyflow.洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。theyexplainedthereasontouswhytheyhadhatedusbefore.他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。例如:earlier,thebabylonianshadattemptedtomaptheworld,buttheypresenteditintheformofaflatteneddiscratherthanasphere,whichwastheformadoptedbyptolemy.(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词asphere进行补充、说明。)更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。thecombinationofsatellites,whichtransmitinformation,computers,whichstoreinformation,andtelevision,whichdisplaysinformation,willchangeeveryhomeintoaneducationandentertainmentcenter.(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:thecombinationofsatellites,computersandtelevisionwillchangeeveryhomeintoaneducationandentertainmentcenter.)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子"。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy.那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作2023-07-26 04:18:062
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,对它有限制作用,因此不可以缺少,否则会影响全句的意义。非限制性定语从句又称描述性定语从句。。c非限制性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系,在口语中用停顿的方法表示,在书面语中用逗号隔开,因此从句中的关系代词不可以省略。2023-07-26 04:18:141
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别,现作简要介绍。一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。例1.DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?例2.Clockisakindofinstrumentwhichcantellpeopletime.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。例3.Thisistheplacewhereheusedtolive.这就是他过去居住的地方。例4.Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。例5.Wewalkeddownthevillagestreet,wheretheywerehavingmarketday.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。例1.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which引导定语从句。例2.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。四、关系词的使用情况有所不同(一)that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但that不可。例1.他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。误:HegavehismotheracolorTVsetforherbirthday,thatpleasedheralot.正:HegavehismotheracolorTVsetforherbirthday,whichpleasedheralot.例2.他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。误:Hedidn"tpasstheexam,thatdisappointedme.正:Hedidn"tpasstheexam,whichdisappointedme.值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用who,which或whose引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用which引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用when,where引导非限制性定语从句。例1.We"llgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。例2.LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing,whereaconferencewastobeheld.他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。(二)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom,但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。例1.ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。析:先行词thegirl在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用who代替whom.例2.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。析:先行词anewgirlfriend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用who代替whom.在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用that代替who/whom,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用that代替who/whom.例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。误:Shehasasister,thatisateacher.正:Shehasasister,whoisteacher.(三)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。例1.Thisisthebook(which/that)helostyesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。析:先行词thebook在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which或that可以省略。例2.Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。析:先行词thebook在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which不可省。2023-07-26 04:18:421