- 北境漫步
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
动词不定式:(to)+ do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do。
1、一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
2、进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。
3、完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
扩展资料
与谓语动词的不同点
1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
4、谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
参考资料:百度百科——非谓语动词
- Ntou123
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非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语;动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,现将它们在用法上的区别总结如下:
1?动词不定式和动名词作主语比较
动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。例如:
_______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(MET 1992)
A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk(Key:B)
2?动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较
(1)不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。
His job is building houses.
Our task now is to increase food production.
(2)动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容,现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.
The most important thing is to put theory into practice.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_______ it more difficult.(NMET 1999)
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make (Key:B)
3?动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较
(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:want,wish,hope,manage,de- mand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect等。
We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn"t turned up yet.(NMET 1995)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)
(2)有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,con- sider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,finish,forgive,imagine, keep,mind,miss,practise,resist, risk,suggest,deny等。
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_______ .(MET 1987)
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch (Key:C)
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you"re calling(Key:C)
(3)有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词,意义上无多大区别,如:love, like,hate,prefer,intend,start, continue等。
I intend to finish/finish- ing the task this morning.
(4)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词,但意义上有区别,如:forget,remember, mean,regret,stop,try等。
—The light in the office is still on.
—Oh,I forgot _______ .(MET 1991)
A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off(Key:C)
—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well,now I regret _______ that.(NMET 1995)
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done(Key:D)
4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较
(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语,如:ask,tell,order,want,wish,warn, allow,advise,permit,forbid等。
The patientwas warned _______ oily food after the operation.(NMET 1996)
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating(Key:C)
(2)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语,但意义不同,如:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,have, make等,且不定式不带to,但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程;现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分,且表主动意义;过去分词指已经完成的动作,且表被动意义。
Paul doesn"t have to be made .He always works hard.(NMET 1995)
A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning(Key:B)
The manager discussed the plan that they would like so see the next year.(NMET 2000)
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out(Key:C)
5?不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较
(1)不定式作定语表示“将要”,现在分词表示“正在”或主动,过去分词表示“已经”。
The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until1912.(NMET 1997)
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing(Key:C)
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”(NMET 1999)
A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading(Key:D)
(2)动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。
a swimming pool动名词作定语,a swim- ming fish现在分词作定语。
6?动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词,表示原因、目的和结果,分词作状语修饰动词和句子,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。
late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.(NMET 2001)
A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept(Key:A)
such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2000)
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered(Key:A)
more attention,the trees could have grown better.(MET 1990)
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given(Key:A)
虽为转载,但有用
- LuckySXyd
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在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词
非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 我是复制粘贴的,仅仅为了每日任务
- kikcik
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在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词
非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
什么是非谓语
非谓语,顾名思义,就是“不是谓语”。 1、非谓语动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词现在分词和过去分词,即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语成分。2、英语里面的谓语成分只能由动词来充当,但是因为英语是一门结构性非常强的语言它要求一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词。这样问题就来了,很多时候一个简单句会涉及两个动词,比如我喜欢踢足球,喜欢和踢都是动词,这种情况就需要把其中一个动词降级成非谓语三种形式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。 3、分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词,尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态、语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。2023-07-15 09:54:521
非谓语指的是什么啊?
非谓语是英语句子中不做谓语的动词。我们知道,英语的句子是用动词来充当谓语这个句子成分的,不是动词就不能做谓语。例如:This is a big house(is是动词,作谓语)。I played basketball yesterday.(played是动词作谓语)。但是,也不是所有的动词都可以充当句子的谓语。比如说:I enjoy reading English in the morning.Enjoy是谓语动词,而Reading不是谓语动词,而充当enjoy的宾语,所以叫非谓语。再如,I have a watch made in Japan.have是谓语,而made in Japan就不是谓语了,是一个过去分词短语,修饰名词watch.相当于定语,所以也叫非谓语。非谓语英语当中主要的成分是主、谓、宾、定、状、补6个,去掉谓语的剩下的统称为非谓语,非谓语最常见的叫做动词作非谓语。还有一种说法叫非谓语动词,动词作谓语,我们叫be doing现在进行时,动词作非谓语的时候就是doing。2023-07-15 09:55:241
非谓语是什么
非谓语本质上指的就是“不是谓语”。句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。这个概念指的是动词不做谓语的几种形式,包括不定式,动名词和分词三类。谓语就是句子的时态。英语句法规定:一个句子只能有一个时态/谓语。谓语动词在句子中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语;谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制;谓语与非谓语的形式不同,谓语主要体现16种基本时态(含被动),而非谓谓只有3种固定形式(被动和完成)。非谓语是指不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的词语,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词,即动词的非谓语形式,除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词在句子中可以充当很多成分,它可以有名词作用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语;它可以有形容词作用,在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语;它也可以有副词作用,在句中作状语。非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。2023-07-15 09:55:421
什么是非谓语?
顾名思义,不是谓语2023-07-15 09:55:522
非谓语是什么
英语当中主要的成分是主、谓、宾、定、状、补6个,去掉谓语的剩下的统称为非谓语,非谓语最常见的叫做动词作非谓语,还有一种说法叫非谓语动词,动词作谓语,我们叫be doing现在进行时,动词作非谓语的时候就是doing。 扩展资料 其实很简单,就是不是谓语的所有成分,就叫非谓语了。好比说世界上所有的东西我都可以分成两类,桌子和非桌子。那么除了桌子的所有东西,我都可以叫做非桌子。虽然说比较笼统,但是它能揭示规律,他们都不是桌子。 那我们看看什么叫非谓语,自然是相对谓语来说,英语当中一共多少种成分呢?主要的成分是这6个,主、谓、宾、定、状、补。好6个成分,我们知道了以后,所谓非谓语,当然就是去掉谓语的剩下的,那不就统称为非谓语吗?那自然就是5个。6减1等于5嘛,那就是主宾定状补,这个都是非谓语。 那为什么要有这个名称?它揭示了什么样的特点呢?我要说一下非谓语最常见的叫做动词作非谓语,还有一种说法叫非谓语动词。为什么说到非谓语,特别要强调非谓语动词这个概念,因为谓语和非谓语只有对于动词来说才有意义。我们看动词啊,它的本职工作一定是做谓语的,也就是说我们默认动词就是做谓语的。你看我们平时说话都会带一个动词,而这个动词基本上都做谓语。我吃饭他开车我们在学习,都有一个动作,吃饭、开车、学习,这就叫动词,这就叫谓语。它是做谓语的。但接下来我们所说的非谓语动词,指的是动词不去做它的本职工作,跑过去做其他的兼职了,它兼职做一做主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,因为它兼职做这些成分的时候有共同特点,所以我们把它统称为动词作非谓语,或者还可以叫非谓语动词。只有说非谓语对于动词来说才有意义。 那好,接下来这个意义体现在哪呢?我再多说一句。因为非谓语动词是一个很广的概念,这里我就只说一点,这一点就是当动词作谓语的时候,有它自己的形式,当动词作非谓语的"时候,也有它的形式。 这两种形式井水不犯河水,泾渭分明。比如说动词作谓语,我们叫be doing现在进行时。I am watching TV,叫be doing。而动词作非谓语的时候呢就是一个doing doing动名词啊等等。doing比如说I like watching TV发现了没有watching TV,这是做宾语的。doing。而谓语当中永远找不到doing,你只能找到跟它很相像的be doing,而非谓语当中你也找不到be doing,你只能找到一个比较接近的 doing,这就叫截然不同。其他的所有形式,谓语和非谓语也都截然不同,这就叫泾渭分明,谓语和非谓语。2023-07-15 09:56:151
非谓语有哪些
非谓语指的是动词在句子中不作谓语,而是形式上作主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语的形式。常见的非谓语包括以下几种:一、动词不定式(to-infinitive)动词不定式以“to+动词原形”构成,常用于表示将来、目的、原因、方式等。例如:- I want to study abroad.(我想出国留学。)- He came here to visit his friend.(他来这里是为了拜访他的朋友。)- She was too nervous to speak.(她太紧张了,说不出话来。)二、动名词(-ing form)动名词以“动词-ing”构成,常用于表示动作正在进行、原因、结果等。例如:- Reading books is a good way to broaden your mind.(读书是拓展思维的好方法。)- He was laughing so hard that he couldn"t stand up.(他笑得太厉害了,不能站起来。)三、现在分词(present participle)现在分词以“动词-ing”构成,常用于表示主动、时间先后等。例如:- The boy standing over there is my nephew.(站在那边的男孩是我的侄儿。)- Hearing the news, she burst into tears.(一听到消息,她就哭了。)四、过去分词(past participle)过去分词常用于被动语态、完成时态等上下文中,表示被动或完成的状态。例如:- The window broken by accident has been fixed.(被意外损坏的窗户已经修好了。)- I have finished the book recommended by my teacher.(我已经读完了老师推荐的那本书。)五、不定式和动名词的被动式不定式和动名词都可以有被动语态,而且它们的使用方法和时态相似。例如:- The book to be read is on the shelf.(待读的书在书架上。)- The job being done is very important.(正在进行的工作非常重要。)六、独立主格结构独立主格结构由一个名词或代词和一个非谓语动词构成,常用于表示同时发生、原因、结果等。例如:- The weather being fine, they decided to go on a picnic.(天气很好,他们决定去野餐。)- My watch being broken, I was late for the appointment.(我的手表坏了,我迟到了约会。)2023-07-15 09:56:221
非谓语动词是什么意思
提到非谓语动词,很多的同学不会理解,知知道是一种动词形式,下面具体的说说非谓语动词是什么意思? 1、 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 2、 非谓语形式有三种:动词不定式,to do,表示目的和将来; 3、 动词的ing:doing,表示主动和进行; 4、 动词的过去分词:done,表示被动和完成。 以上的就是关于非谓语动词是什么意思的内容介绍了。2023-07-15 09:56:401
非谓语的三种形式
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非谓语是什么意思?
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非谓语动词的三种形式是什么?
1)不定式 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 2)动名词 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3)分词 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词2023-07-15 09:58:541
什么是非谓语动词?
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非谓语怎么用?
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什么叫非谓语动词?
问题一:非谓语是什么? 非谓语动词是指一些特殊的动词形式,它们具有动词的含义,却不能独立充当谓语,因此叫非谓语动词,它包括:动词不定式,过去分词,现在分词,动名词etc。 非谓语动词是高中英语的重点和常考点,学好应用它也可以为你的作文增色不叮,这个文档有详细介绍各种非谓语动词的用法,可以看一下。 211.64.0.219/...77.doc 问题二:非谓语动词是什么意思? 5分 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。 比如:1.It"s nice to meet you. 这里的to meet(to do)动词不定式就是一个非谓语动词 2.I regret not following his advice.这里的following,动名词形式 还有比如现在分词。 简单点说,就是除了主要的那个动词以外的其他动词形式,从字面理解是不是谓语的动词(是动词,但是不是谓语,只是动词的一种形式)2023-07-15 10:00:081
非谓语动词有哪些 什么是非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。那么非谓语动词有哪些情况呢? 非谓语动词 非谓语动词有5种情况,分别是动词做主语、动词作宾语、动词作定语、动词作状语、动词作补语,动词作宾语示例:I like watching TV,这就把它变成了ing形式,把它名词化这就叫动词做宾语。 再看动词作定语he is a boy lying under the tree。lying就是定语修饰boy。躺在树下的男孩。再看做状语的。hearing the news she went crazy。听到消息她疯了。听到消息就是一个状态。hearing the news she went crazy。 这里需要注意的是,从句部分根本不是一个句子,它只是一个动词,所以这个部分呢,我们就要把它叫动词做状语,而不能叫状语从句。所以非谓语动词一共是5种情况,动词分别做主语、宾语,定语、状语、补语。 非谓语动词与谓语动词不同点 非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。2023-07-15 10:00:231
什么叫非谓语结构?他的用法是怎么样的?
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什么是非谓语动词?
非谓语动词有三种一是to加动词原型 二是to加动词ing形式 三是Vted 形式 做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、 表语以及一些特殊结构句型2023-07-15 10:00:393
如何区分非谓语动词
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。2023-07-15 10:00:575
非谓语动词的特点是什么,请举例说明
非谓语动词在英语里是一项重要的语言表现形式,它与汉语动词的使用方法习惯很不一样,是不少中国学生容易混淆出错的知识能力要点. 非谓语动词有四个特出的特点: 一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词.象“I running in the morning every day.""he named Liping." 就是没有谓语动词的错误的句子. 二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同.这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方.对句子往深层次分析,我们就应该领悟到这一点:与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性质的:(1)此动作有时已不是具体的动作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相当于一个名词了;(2)此动作有时即使是具体的动作,但却是从属性的,次要的动作:比如表示原因,条件,时间,目的,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等.在汉语中,不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词;但在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and 连接的两动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系.表示原因,条件,目的,时间,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示.句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要,伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句.下面列举一些例句对比说明: 1."为了健康,他天天喝牛奶.""为了健康"是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词;To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day. 2."喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶"这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事.“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用"Drinking milk"动名词来表示. 3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛.”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词.可以用"Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach."来表示. 也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk,I have some trouble with my stomach." 4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用"Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy"来表示. 5,“我喝牛奶呛着了.”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系,它表示时间,可以用“Drinking milk, I choked."来表示. 6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作,应做谓语动词,而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作,是补充说明,可用非谓语动词:“He sat there,drinking some milk." 综上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的动作含义和句子地位各不相同.此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”. 除了可以当状语,非谓语动词还可以当定语和补语.例如: 7,"The girl standing there was crying."standing 就是the girl 的定语. 8,"I found him running in the street." running 就是 found 的宾补. 非谓语动词还可以当表语.当表语的现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词,表示特征,状态或人的情绪,情感;当表语的动名词相当于名词,表示一件事情或现象.例如: 9,The book is tiring , while the film is exciting. 10.The excited audiences were moved at the exciting play. 11.Her job is raising pigs ,she finds that living is working. 三,非谓语动词前不需要形式主语和连词. 1,除了独立主格结构外,非谓语动词都没有形式主语出现在它的前面,如出现了多余的主语那反而是错的句子.但主语不出现不等于没有主谓关系.非谓语动词肯定与主句的主语存在着隐含的逻辑主谓关系,如找不出这种关系那一般都是错误的句子.如“从山上看下去,我们的城市很美丽.”主句的主语“城市”不会“看”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,只存在动宾关系.因此不能用“Seeing",而只能用"Seen from the mountain , ..." 被动的形式来表示.或用独立主格:“Anybody seeing it from the mountain ,the city looks very beautiful."又比如“听到这个消息,她的眼泪流出来了.”“眼泪”不会“听”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,因此不能象中文一样直译:Hearing the news,her tears came along her check.应该说:Hearing the news ,she had tears coming along her check. 2,非谓语动词不需要because,as,if,when,while 等连词,但它却已经含有连词的意思.象Because not having prepared my lesson,I can"t answer the question.就是错的,应删去Because. 反之,如不用非谓语而用从句,那表示原因,条件,时间,伴随,目的的从句前又必须有连词.而中文却是可以省连词的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康.”“喝牛奶呛着了”都可以加用连词也可以不用连词.因此中国学生往往把表示原因,条件,时间,伴随的从句不用连词,不用句号,却要与主句并列在一起,出现“少连词混淆主次”的错误,如:I am poor, I can"t buy the house. "I am poor"显然与后面的句子有逻辑因果关系,应加连词Since或变成“Being poor,I can"t buy the the house. 有时中国学生又会犯两个分句都用连词的错误,如:“因为我病了,所以今天我不能上学”译成:Because I am ill, so I can"t go to school today.在英语中有连词的句子都是次要,从属地位的从句,如两个分句象中文一样都用连词,那就没有表示句子主要意思的主句了.这便是“多连词导致无主句”错误.同理,如非谓语动词短语后的句子用连词,也等于犯了“无主句”的错误. 四,非谓语动词具有谓语动词的有宾语,有状语等特征. 1,及物的非谓语动词后要带宾语,是双宾动词还要带两个宾语,象上面的句子如用"Anybody seeing from the mountain, ."就是不好的句子,因为及物非谓语动词seeing没有带宾语. 2,不及物的非谓语动词后当然不会有宾语. 3,过去分词后不能出现宾语,因主句的主语就是它的逻辑宾语.象"Heated the water ,it will turn into stream."就是错的,the water 应删去. 当然,带双宾的非谓语动词后还需带一个宾语:“Told the students many times, the importance is paid attention to." 以上知识能力要点都是要靠理解,领悟,不是靠死记硬背的.注意两动作的主次逻辑关系,注意“无形式主语”“无连词”“不能多用连词 ”等非谓语动词特点.2023-07-15 10:02:001
什么叫非谓语动词?举个例子!
谓语动词是与非谓语动词相对应的概念.两者都是动词,但是前者是作谓语成分,后者不能作谓语成分.而谓语成分就是用来说明主语的动作或状态的,一般由动词或短语动词承担. 比如:我看电视.”看”就是谓语. 你正在上网.”上网”也是谓语. 再举几个英语句子吧:I see a girl.我看见一个女孩.”看见””see"就是这个句子的谓语.而see也是个动词,所以就叫做谓语动词.She is very beautiful.她很漂亮."is"就是这个句子的谓语,也是动词. 而短语动词就是动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如: Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词) 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种: 1)动词+副词,如:black out; 2)动词+介词,如:look into; 3)动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。 非谓语动词:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词,但不能作谓语,只能作主语、表语、宾语、补语、状语、定语。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 1)不定式 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 2)动名词 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3)分词 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词2023-07-15 10:02:091
英语非谓语动词怎么理解啊?
简单来说,动词的主要作用是在句子中作谓语,表示动作。但有一些动词的形式,如不定式、动名词、分词,它们是动词,但是正好不能做谓语。所以称为非谓语动词。2023-07-15 10:02:412
非谓语动词,怎么用最好有例子
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、 表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义.1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作.Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止.(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣.(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做.What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果).To see is to believe.百闻不如一见 To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活.3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用.His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.The function of Louis Sullivan"s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务.His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮.(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方.一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”.所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式.换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有:interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳.The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的.The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服.They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动.3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意2023-07-15 10:03:101
非谓语动词有哪几种形式
ing,to do ,过去分词2023-07-15 10:03:172
非谓语动词知识点总结是什么?
有人说,非谓语题在高考英语试卷中,少则一题,多则两三题,没几分,不必太在意。其实不然,非谓语作为一种基本的语法现象是可以出现在任何题目中的,涉及单选、完型、阅读、改错等各类题型,即使是在作文中,如果通篇都不出现一个非谓语,恐怕分数也不会太高。可以说,非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此,千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。关于非谓语的语法详讲,同学们在课堂上已基本掌握,下文主要以高考真题为例,以非谓语题的答题技巧为主要内容,来梳理一下这个知识点,帮助同学们在高考英语中准确解答,稳拿高分。非谓语知识点概述非谓语形式就是动词的变形,即由动词变化而来,但不能做谓语,而是承担其他语法功能。主要有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词。详见下表:以上形式又各有不同的变化形式,如:大体用法如下:非谓语动词的否定形式:在非谓语动词前加not。非谓语动词的复合结构:①for sb.to do sth.(sb.是to do的逻辑主语)②one"s doing(one是doing的逻辑主语)例如:For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.句意:对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。(Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。)例如:Do you mind Tom"s smoking?句意:你介意汤姆吸烟吗?(Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。)非谓语题答题技巧01确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词,再出现动词表示动作时,须用非谓语形式,如果是并列谓语要有and或“,”链接。02分析是不是固定短语。如果是,按照固定短语分析。03分析出非谓语的逻辑主语,主要有以下集几种情况:①非谓语做定语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。例如:I like the teacher teaching English.(译:我喜欢教英语的那个老师。)句中非谓语做定语,修饰the teacher,the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。②非谓语做状语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。例如:Watching TV,she was moved.(译:看电视时,她被感动了。)句中非谓语做状语,非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。③非谓语做宾语补足语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。例如:His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语(译:李雷的老板让他完成工作。)句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语,him 是to finish的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。04确定非谓语的逻辑主语后,分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。05分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系,分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。非谓语真题练习【2021年】八省联考1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.浙江卷1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【2020年】全国卷 I1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang"e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.3. My mom told me how to preparing it.全国卷 Ⅱ1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.全国卷 III1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.山东卷1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.浙江卷1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.江苏卷1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined with B. combining withC. having combined with D. to be combined with▲2019 年全国卷 I1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.全国卷 II1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain"s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.全国卷 III1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn"t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.浙江卷1. Butu2002someu2002studentsu2002didn"tu2002wantu2002 63 (wear)u2002theu2002uniform.▲2018 年全国卷 I1.You don"t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.全国卷 II1. Another reason for corn"s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.2. China"s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank"s Juergen Voegele.4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.全国卷 III1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn"t feel 65 (challenge).2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.浙江卷1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who"d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn"t cooked once in all that time. ▲2017 年全国卷 I1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.全国卷 II1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!全国卷 III1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.浙江卷1. Sixteenu2002yearsu2002earlier,u2002Pahlssonu2002hadu2002removedu2002theu2002diamondu2002ringu2002 61 (cook)u2002au2002meal.2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.▲2016 年全国卷 I1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.全国卷 II1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you"ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.全国卷 III1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.▲2015 年全国卷 I1. Au2002studyu2002ofu2002travelers 68 (conduct)u2002byu2002theu2002websiteu2002Trip Advisoru2002namesu2002Yangshuou2002asu2002oneu2002ofu2002theu2002topu200210u2002destinationsu2002inu2002theu2002world.2. Abercrombieu2002&u2002Kent,u2002au2002travelu2002companyu2002inu2002Hongu2002Kong,u2002saysu2002it regularlyu2002arrangesu2002quicku2002gatewaysu2002hereu2002foru2002people 70 (live)u2002inu2002Shanghaiu2002andu2002Hongu2002Kong.全国卷 II1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.答案▲2021年八省联考1.including句意为“像许多其他学生一样,可能会有各种各样的人,包括你的家人 和朋友,为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。浙江卷1.studied考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,该句谓语动词为had,故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式,此处作countries的后置定语;而countries与study之间为被动关系,且“研究”是已经完成了的动作,故填studied。2. living考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式,此处作people的后置定语;而people与live之间为主动关系,故填living。▲2020 年全国卷 I1.to find考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。2. frying改为fried考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。3. preparing改为prepare考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。全国卷 II1. coming考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。2. decorated考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。3. to care考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。全国卷 III1.to find考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。2. surrounding考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。山东卷1.walking考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。浙江卷1. to change考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。2.making考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。江苏卷1.A考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。▲2019 年全国卷 I1.to perform该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构,主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系,但需用不定式的主动式作状语。2. noting介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。3.say → saying全国卷 II1. being介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。2. to retire名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。3. saying名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。全国卷 III1. to get分析句子结构可知,it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中,it 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。2. listening主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作状语。3.opens → open4.manage → managing浙江卷1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。▲2018 年全国卷 I1. to see根据句意 “要见到效果,你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。2. dying介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。3.sell → selling全国卷 II1. to improve根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。2. feedingwhen / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。3.watching → watch全国卷 III1. (64) lookingavoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。(65).challenged主语 he 与 challenge(对……挑战)之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。2. to stayallow sb to do sth是固定结构,意为 “允许某人做某事”,因此应填 to stay。3.wait → waiting浙江卷1. visitingremember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。▲2017 年全国卷 I1. to process根据语境“需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知,此处应填 to process。2. eating“by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐,人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。全国卷 II1. laying63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构,因此用 laying。2.pick → to pick全国卷 III1. restingspend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。2. to provewant 后通常接不定式 to do sth。浙江卷1. to cook由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知,不定式短语作状语,表目的。2. swept句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词形式。▲2016 年全国卷 I1.(66) permitted被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。(67) introducinginclude后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语,故填 introducing。全国卷 II1. to bringbe likely to do sth 是固定结构,意为“可能做某事”,故填 to bring。2.take → taking全国卷 III1. to create根据句意可知,这里用不定式表目的,故填 to create。2. using根据语境可知,use的逻辑主语是 people,两者是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,故填 using。3.wear → wearing▲2015 年全国卷 I1. conducted主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。2. living被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。全国卷 II1.(61)built名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。(64) using介词后用动名词形式,故填 using。2. to cool该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。2023-07-15 10:03:241
什么叫谓语和非谓语
谓语是对主语的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样. 谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如: I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态) I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态) It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态) 复合谓语也可分为两种情况: 第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语: What does this word mean? I won"t do it again. I"ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. You"d better catch a bus. 第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如: You look the same. We are all here. The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. Keep quite and listen to me. He looked worried. We have to be up early in the moming. Is Bill in? School Is over. Let"s go home. My pen is in my bag. I feel terrible. I* fell tried all the time. He seemed rather tired last night. 连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。如果满意记得采纳哦!你的好评是我前进的动力。(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……我在沙漠中喝着可口可乐,唱着卡拉ok,骑着狮子赶着蚂蚁,手中拿着键盘为你答题!!!2023-07-15 10:04:023
非谓语动词有什么特点,如何区分谓语和非谓
你好,非谓语动词包括三种:todo,doing,done,它们不能用来作谓语;区别:谓语动词是作为一个谓语,他是一个动词,是句子的主体;非谓语动词只是作为一个修饰语存在的,他本身并非一个真正的动词,所以叫非谓语,他是作为形容词或副词的。也可以说,非谓语动词等于形容词或副词。2023-07-15 10:04:111
非谓语动词的三种形式如何使用?
答案是:非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词,过去分词)☞♧手工翻译☀尊重劳动☀欢迎提问☀感谢采纳♧☜2023-07-15 10:04:313
什么时候用非谓语?
Answer:什么时候用非谓语?正所谓一山不能容二虎,除非一公和一母.如果不是并列谓语且句子间没有引导词.都需要把其中一个分句的动词变成非谓语形式,其语法成分根据句子需要而定.拿提问者所举例子分析前后句子间都没有引导词且被逗号隔开,说明合在一起才是一个完整的句子.而一个句子只能有一个谓语(一山不容二虎).所以需要把"take"改成非谓语形式,这里改成"having taken"P.S.至于为神马要用"having taken"这里涉及到两个语法点(1)因为"take" 这个动作发生在"began"之前,所以要用非谓语动词的"完成式"(2)含有非谓语动词整个前半句,又是一个独立主格结构.其语法功能在句子做状语成分,相当于一个状语从句The listeners having taken their seats =After the listeners took their seats If you still feel confused,please leave a message !祝 学习进步!2023-07-15 10:04:381
英语中的谓语和非谓语的形式和用法,求解。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别: 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形) 非谓语动词的特征: 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语) To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语) 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible. 在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语) It"s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. 他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语) 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式) 4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。 Our coming made him happy. 我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用) There are two big swimming pools here. 这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用2023-07-15 10:04:471
什么叫非谓语动词,谓语动词;不及物动词,及物动词?怎么区别,怎么用?
非谓语动词就是不能单独做谓语的动词,有动名词、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、不定式,他们必须和其他动词(如BE动词)在一起才能构成谓语部分。如Iplayingfootball.(×)应该是Iamplayingfootball.才对。本人未听说有谓语动词这个说法,有的话就是除非谓语动词的动词。不及物动词就是不能直接接宾语的动词,如果要接宾语必须加介词,如go就是不及物动词,去哪儿要加to…如gotoschool。一般不及物动词后都有相对固定的介词,要记的。及物动词就是能直接接宾语的动词,一般动词都是及物的。2023-07-15 10:04:561
英语当中非谓语经典句子,可以用来背的
(1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 (3)作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择。 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn"t go to the cinema. 他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院。 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。 He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。 (5)作定语: 动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系: ①动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如: He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。 The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词: He has no place to live. 他无处安身。 This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式: Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗? Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗? ②说明所修饰名词的内容: We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。 ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语: He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。 (6)作状语: ①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。 注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数。 wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本词典。 ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外): 常放在never only后 He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。 I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了。 ③表原因:常放在形容词后面 They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 ④表程度: It"s too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我们什么也看不见。 The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的。 (7)作目的状语:既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾 To tell you the truth, I don"t like the way he talked. 说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式。 (8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。 If you don"t want to do it, you don"t need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做。 (9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。2023-07-15 10:05:061
非谓语什么意思
首先,一个句子里面,谓语只能有一个。非谓语,是指动词,本来应该在句子中应作谓语,但在此之前已经有一个动词或系动词作谓语,该动词便以非谓语形式存在例如 i run. run 是谓语i am running. am这个系动词便作为谓语存在,run就必须变形为running,此为非谓语或 i go to run. 前面有个go作谓语,run便不能作谓语,只能变形to run以非谓语形式存在2023-07-15 10:05:162
非谓语动词形式
非谓语动词形式有不定式(to do)过去式(v+ed)过去分词(v+ing)2023-07-15 10:05:257
非谓语是什么 有什么用法
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词:done含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。2023-07-15 10:06:062
非谓语是什么?
非谓语动词吧百度一下就知道了2023-07-15 10:06:266
非谓语是什么
非谓语是指不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的词语,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词,即动词的非谓语形式,除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,它在句子中可以充当很多成分,它可以有名词作用,在句中做主语、宾语、表语;它可以有形容词作用,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语;它也可以有副词作用,在句中作状语。现在分词的形式:1、现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。2、现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。例如:Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被讨论的问题很重要。非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点:1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。4、谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。2023-07-15 10:07:251
什么是非谓语
非谓语是指不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的词语,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词,即动词的非谓语形式,除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,它在句子中可以充当很多成分,它可以有名词作用,在句中做主语、宾语、表语;它可以有形容词作用,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语;它也可以有副词作用,在句中作状语。现在分词的形式:1、现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:They went to the park,singing and talking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。2、现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。例如:The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点:1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。4、谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。2023-07-15 10:07:331
什么是非谓语
非谓语是英语句子中不做谓语的动词。为什么这样说呢?我们知道,英语的句子是用动词来充当谓语这个句子成分的,不是动词就不能做谓语。例如:This is a big house(is是动词,作谓语)I played basketball yesterday.(played是动词作谓语)但是,也不是所有的动词都可以充当句子的谓语。比如说:I enjoy reading English in the morning.Enjoy是谓语动词,而Reading不是谓语动词,而充当enjoy的宾语,所以叫非谓语。2023-07-15 10:07:482
英语中非谓语是什么意思?有什么形式?
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。动词不定式:(to)+ do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征现在分词:现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。动名词:动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。do+ing2023-07-15 10:08:137
什么叫非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。辨别如下:1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。4、谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。扩展资料:一般来说没有谓语的句子是不完整的,由于谓语是说明主语的,所以没有谓语的例句就像个没头的苍蝇,让人觉得很乱,不知所云。但是有些句子中谓语是可以省略的,比如感叹句,What a silly thing (you have done)!括号内的是句子的主语和谓语部分均可省略。至于特殊的谓语动词用法很灵活,比如虚拟语气中,谓语动词常采用过去时.有的谓语还有固定用法,比如If I were you I would tell him the truth.这里就体现的是虚拟语气中Be动词的固定变化,须识记。2023-07-15 10:08:271
非谓语有哪些
问题一:非谓语形式到底有哪些要点哦? 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词:done 二、三种形式的含义(基本用法) 不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing 被动 to be done to have been done ing 形式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done 过去分词 被动 done 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing 五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构:for / of *** . to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、 判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了. 2、 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、 判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、 判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing. 学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。 一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如: ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk (分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 B b. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of *** . ) to do sth. It"s important for us to learn English well. It"s kind of you to help us. 注意:下面几个句型是用动名词: It"s no good / use doing sth. It"s useless doing sth. There is no need to do sth. 2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 1、 不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。如: My job is teaching / to t......>> 问题二:非谓语动词怎么区分?有哪几种? 在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分 它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词 1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有: (1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被状语修饰: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him ve定y well. (3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如: He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the position.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the position, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式) (4)都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member, the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有: (1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 (2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 (3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 (4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 我是复制粘贴的,仅仅为了每日任务 问题三:英语中非谓语是什么意思?有什么形式? 简单的英语句式是主语-谓语-宾语。常见形式是非谓语动词,是对谓语的补充说明。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词以及分词三种形式。 为了区分这三种非谓语动词的用法,我们从它们在句子或者特殊句型中充当的不 同成分以及用法等角度来具体比较它们的用法。 不定式、动名词及分词做表语的区别: 不定式做表语 1)不定式做表语一般表示具体动作,尤其是用来表示将来的动作To do two things at a time is to do neither.(一次做两件事情就等于没有。) My job is to drive them to the pany every day.(我的工作是每天把他们载到公司。) 主语和表语都是不定式时,其一表示条件,其二表示结果 To see (表示条件)is to believe. (表示结果)(百闻不如一见。) To be kind to the enemy(表示条件) is to be cruel to the people.(表示结果)(对敌人仁慈就是对自己残忍。) 当主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea,problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式做表语对主语起补 充说明的作用 My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.(我的主要任务是指出事件中的难点所在。) His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.(他的希望是在不久的将来买一辆豪华轿车。) 2. 动名词做表语 1)动名词做表语表示抽象的一般性的动作 His hobby is collecting stamps.(他的爱好是收集邮票。) Our work is serving the people.(我们的工作是为人民服务。) 2)动名词做表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但意义不同,进行时中的分词表示动作是由主语完成的,但动名词做表语是说明主语的性质或 者情况。 He is writing his homework now.(他正在做家庭作业。) He is interesting.(他很风趣。) 3. 分词做表语 1)分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词 ,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到 激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是 somebody is interested in……,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说 *** ./sth. is interesting. 2)常见的词语举例 interesting使人感到高兴interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的 pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的 不定式和动名词做主语的区别: (1) 动名(2) 词做主语表示抽象动作,而(3......>>2023-07-15 10:08:481
非谓语是什么意思
非谓语指非谓语动词,即不能做谓语的动词。有doing, to do , done.(动词的三种形式)。 doing,在非谓语中表示主动,表示进行,伴随情况。 Tom is handsome,wearing his glasses.(汤姆(正)带着眼镜 很帅,)表示伴随情况。 Putting on his close,he went out穿上衣服,他出去了。(表主动) to do 可表示将来,目的 Jim has lots of homework to do(目的) I‘m going to do my homework.(将来)done.表示被动。主要用于逻辑助于和分词的主语不一致时。此时可构成 独立主格结构,但需加上逻辑主语。 His pen broken,he cried. 还有疑问,请留言。2023-07-15 10:08:571
非谓语属于是什么?
非谓语动词属于英语语法。英语当中主要的成分是主、谓、宾、定、状、补6个,去掉谓语的剩下的统称为非谓语,非谓语最常见的叫做动词作非谓语,还有一种说法叫非谓语动词,动词作谓语,我们叫be doing现在进行时,动词作非谓语的时候就是doing。英语的句子是用动词来充当谓语这个句子成分的,不是动词就不能做谓语。例如:This is a big house(is是动词,作谓语)但是,也不是所有的动词都可以充当句子的谓语。比如说:I enjoy reading English in the morning.Enjoy是谓语动词,而Reading不是谓语动词,而充当enjoy的宾语,所以叫非谓语。非谓语分类1、动名词,在句子中充当名词。Riding in a car for a long time upsets my stomach.长时间坐车让我的胃很不爽。Apple upsets my stomach.苹果让我的胃很不爽。例句中,Riding in a car for a long time和apple都是句子的主语,名词性质。2、分词短语,在句子中充当形容词或副词的角色。分词短语做形容词,可以在写作中和定语从句进行替换。Bob is the man wearing the black shirt.(分词短语)Bob is the man who is wearing the black shirt.(定语从句))分词短语做副词,可以在写作中和状语从句进行替换。Listening to the lecture, the student fell asleep.(分词短语)While he was listening to the lecture, the student fell asleep.(状语从句)3、不定式to do。To become a better student is everyone"s life goal.不定式做形容词,修饰短语前面的名词。2023-07-15 10:09:031
如何辨别谓语和非谓语?
辨别如下:1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。4、谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。扩展资料一般来说没有谓语的句子是不完整的,由于谓语是说明主语的,所以没有谓语的例句就像个没头的苍蝇,让人觉得很乱,不知所云。但是有些句子中谓语是可以省略的,比如感叹句,What a silly thing (you have done)!括号内的是句子的主语和谓语部分均可省略。至于特殊的谓语动词用法很灵活,比如虚拟语气中,谓语动词常采用过去时.有的谓语还有固定用法,比如If I were you I would tell him the truth.这里就体现的是虚拟语气中Be动词的固定变化,须识记。参考资料来源:百度百科——谓语动词参考资料来源:百度百科——非谓语动词2023-07-15 10:09:201
非谓语在句子中怎么用的
一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词.它们是动词的非限定形式.在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用.以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用.二、动词不定式不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),在句中起形容词或副词的作用, 可以作状语和定语.(一)作定语1. 动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词, 其后有必要的介词.He"s pleasant fellow to work with.There"s nothing to worry about.2. 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语.例如: time, reason, chance,right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等.Women should have the right to receive education.There is no time to hesitate.3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式做定语.The monitor will be the first to come.He was the last man to blame.(二)作状语1. 作目的状语不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末尾.但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首.其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not.He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.2. 作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.She left home, never to return again.3. 作原因状语不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾.She burst into laughter to see his funny action.The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.4. 作独立成分有些固定词组带to不定式, 表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分.这些词有:to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short,to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it,to put it another way, to tell the truth等.To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.三、动名词动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式, 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成.与现在分词构成法相同.它同时具有动词及名词特征.以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况.1. 作定语None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.2. 作状语介词+动名词可以作状语用, 表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等.After finishing the job, he went home.He was blamed for having done something wrong.They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.四、分词分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一, 包括现在分词和过去分词两种.分词可以在句中作状语及定语.(一)现在分词与过去分词的区别现舂词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上.在语态上,现在分词(除被动式外)表示主动意思, 过去分词表示被动意思.在时间上, 现在分词表示动作正在进行, 过去分词则表示动作已完成.developing countries(发展中国家)developed countries(发达国家)the touching tale(动人的传说)the touched audince(受感动的观众)(二)现在分词的用法现在分词可在句中作定语和状语.1. 作定语现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:This is a pressing question.这是一个紧迫的问题.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题.现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:There were no soldiers drilling.现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:A little child learning to walk often falls.The men working here are all from the rural areas.2. 现在分词用作状语现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看, 也可用作状语, 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后, 也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生.(1)表示时间Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.He went out shutting the door behind him.强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 现在分词之前可用连词when或while:When leaving the airport, they waved again and agin to us.While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thoughtto be a meteorite.(2)表示原因Being sick, I stayed at home.She caught cold sitting on the grass.(3)表示条件Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent.Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(4)表示让步Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn"t tried her best.(5)表示结果It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况He ran up to her breathing heavily.Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.2023-07-15 10:09:531
非谓语动词有哪些?
非谓语动词那是不计其数。但非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式to do,动名词doing和分词(现在分词doing与过去分词done).2023-07-15 10:10:003
什么叫非谓语动词
非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。2023-07-15 10:10:141
非谓语的用法
非谓语用法总结 老师叮咛:李辉老师说,“所谓的聪明都是小聪明,而真正的智慧,就是能够学会去发展各种规律,君子性非异也,善假于各种规律也。”因此,学会找到规律,至关重要!本文也将通过对非谓语用法高频考点的总结来帮助找到规律。下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!一、非谓语动词的含义 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。 二、非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:1.不定式 (1)基本形式:to do 表示主动,并且一般表示将来(2)被动式:to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来(3)进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行(4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成(5)完成被动式:to have been done 表示被动和完成(6)完成进行式:to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行2.动名词 (1)基本形式:doing 表示主动(2)被动式:being done 表示被动(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成3.现在分词(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动和进行(2)被动式:being done 表示被动和进行(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成 4.过去分词(1)done,及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;(2)不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成三、专题要点非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词;4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语;5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别;6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别;7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别;8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语;9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式;10.独立主格结构在句中作状语;11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。四、考纲要求非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握:非谓语动词的时态和语态;他们在英语句子中的作用;非谓语动词的基本用法和含义,非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等;掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析;掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式;在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。五、教法指引 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词,是高中英语学习的难点,也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点,教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当,尤其是对以下要点的复习:1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别;2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式;3.非谓语动词完成式的用法;4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语;5.非谓语动词用作目的状语;6.非谓语动词用作结果状语;7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语;8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题;9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题;六、非谓语动词用法非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定是作主语表示具体动作。如:Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。如:Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。如:It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。如:To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。如:To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。如:His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Louis Sullivan"s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。如:Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。(3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区 别是考试中经常考到的地方,应该值得我们注意。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:interesting 使人感到高兴的 interested 感到高兴的exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的delighting 令人高兴的 delighted 感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的 puzzled 感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的 surprised 感到惊异的worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的典型例子:Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1)不定式作定语1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系。如:He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系。如:Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。如:I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。4)不定式可以修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词。5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a, the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。如:John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要求不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tend to do=tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do;His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。(2)分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。如:He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如:Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?5.不定式和分词作状语的区别(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。如:He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。如:Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。如:They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。如:Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)2023-07-15 10:10:401
非谓语有几种形式 帮我每种造个句子 要通俗短点的
非谓语动词有两种形式:动名词(v.+ing)和动词不定式(to+v.原形)如:I like swimming. I want to buy a new watch.2023-07-15 10:10:543
谓语和非谓语的区别
谓语可作单独的谓语,非谓语有不定式、动名词、分词三种形式。2023-07-15 10:11:106
非谓语动词有哪些?
非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分 它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词 1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有: (1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被状语修饰: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如: He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式) (4)都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member, the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有: (1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 (2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 (3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 (4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 (5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。 (一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征. 否定式:not + (to) do (1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 例如: I"m glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. (2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如: The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如: I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2.不定式的句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn"t go to the cinema. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. (5)作定语: 动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系: ①动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如: He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词: He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? ②说明所修饰名词的内容: We have made a plan to finish the work. ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语: He is the first to get here. (6)作状语: ①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tried every means. wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果): He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. ③表原因: They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度: It"s too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer. (7)作独立成分: To tell you the truth, I don"t like the way he talked. (8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。 If you don"t want to do it, you don"t need to. (9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. (二)动名词: 动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。 1.动名词的形式: Ving 否定式:not + 动名词 (1)一般式: Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (2)被动式: He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 (3)完成式: We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 (4)完成被动式: He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 (5)否定式:not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 (6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 2.动名词的句法功能: (1)作主语: Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It"s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 (2)作表语: In the ant city, the queen"s job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。 (3)作宾语: They haven"t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如: We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can"t stand, can"t help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like (4)作定语: He can"t walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗? (5)作同位语: The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 (三)现在分词: 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 1、现在分词的形式: 否定式:not + 现在分词 (1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成 式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如: They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。 (2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动 词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。 2.现在分词的句法功能: (1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语 放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor"s father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher. (2)现在分词作表语: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 (3)作宾语补足语: 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语: see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗? He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 (4)现在分词作状语: ①作时间状语: (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。 ②作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。 ③作方式状语,表示伴随: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。 ④作条件状语: (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。 ⑤作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。 ⑥作目的状语: He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。 ⑦作让步状语: Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。 ⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格: I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, we"ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 ⑨作独立成分: udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。 (四)过去分词: 过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。 过去分词的句法功能: 1.过去分词作定语: Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2.过去分词作表语: The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别: The window is broken.(系表) The window was broken by the boy.(被动) 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如: boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶) newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳) the changed world(变了的世界) 这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语: I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语: With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。 4.过去分词作状语: Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间) Given more time, I"ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件) Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步) Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。2023-07-15 10:11:321