动名词是什么意思 需要浅白的意思解释

关于动名词，语法书是这样说的
动名词是非谓动词的又一种形式。它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：

Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .
（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。

严格地说，动名词和现在分词还是有很多区别的：

首先，动名词表达的动作意义不如现在分词强，因为动名词已经将动作名词化了，它不再强调动作本身了，它已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了。比如说，动名词常在句中作主语、直接宾语；我们都知道，在句中作主语、直接宾语的词只有是名词、代词，因此从某种意义上说，动名词就相当于名词、代词了。例如：

Climbing up the mountain will make you exhausted.
爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。
Stop talking please. 请不要讲话。

其次，正由于动名词在某种意义上相当于名词、代词，所以它前面也可有名词的"所有格形式"或是物主代词的所有格作修饰语。例如：

Would you mind my smoking here
您介意我在这儿吸烟吗？
We extended a warm welcome to Mr. Rieder"s coming to our party.
我们对里德先生来参加聚会表示热烈的欢迎。

从动名词在句子里的作用来看，它类似于名词；可以作主语、定语、表语和宾语。下面让我们分别看看动名词在句中作不同成分的具体情况。
1. 作主语
动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时，它已经将动作名词化了，已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强，多指"要是去做某事"，这种动作往往是"要发生的一次性动作",比较具体。例如：
Breathing became difficult at that altitude.
在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Cheating on an exam ruins one"s character .
考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .
我从办公室回家要花十分钟。
It needs time to make three copies of it .
把它复制三份需要时间。

动名词作主语时，也常用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句型。
"It is …"的句型常用于说明"某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何"。强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型"There is …"往往用于说明"不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在"。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：
It is no use waiting for him any longer .
等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice .
学而不实践是没好处的。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light .
用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
There is no joking about such matters .
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .
不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no littering about .
不许乱扔杂物。

2. 作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，因为多数情况仅限于单个的动名词作定语。这种情况与单个的现在分词作定语有较大的区别：单个的动名词作定语主要是说明被修饰词的作用、意义等；
而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词正在做什么。请看下面的比较：

动名词作定语 现在分词作定语
swimming pool 游泳池
( the pool for swimming) working people 劳动人民
( the people who are working)
reading material 阅读材料 sleeping child 熟睡孩子
walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针
opening speech 开幕词 oppressing class压迫阶级
listening aid 助听器 developing countries 发展中国家
waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水

3. 作表语
动名词作表语主要说明"主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事"， 动作意义弱，较抽象；而现在分词作表语则主要是表示"主语的性质、特征等"；不定式作表语却主要说明或解释"主语（要去）做什么事"，它比动名词更为具体，动作意义更强。例如：

His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）
他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west . （动名词）
他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。
The situation is very much encouraging .（现在分词）
形势非常令人鼓舞。
His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词）
他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。
Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year .
（不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。
His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是当飞行员。

4. 作宾语
A）常见的用动名词作宾语的及物动词：
avoid (避免) , cease (停止) , can"t help (忍不住) , consider (考虑) , deny (抵赖) , delay (拖延) , enjoy (喜欢) , endure (忍受) , escape (逃离) , excuse (原谅) , finish (完成) , give up (放弃) , imagine (想象) , keep on (继续) , leave off (结束、省去) , mind (介意、反对) , miss (错过) , need (需要) , postpone (推迟) , practice (练习) , put off (推迟) , require (需要) , risk (冒险) , stop (停止) , suggest (建议) 等。例如：

He managed to escape suffering from the disease .
他设法避免患那种疾病。
After hearing the funny story , all of us couldn"t help laughing ear to ear.
听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。
Excuse my interrupting you for a while .
请原谅我打扰你一会儿。
Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.
史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。
When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening his family .
当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。
The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.
犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。

B）有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，两种结构在意义上差别不大。常见的有：attempt (打算) , begin (开始) , can"t afford (花不起) , can"t bear (无法容忍) , continue (继续) , deserve (值得) forget (忘记) , hate (不喜欢) , intend (打算) , like（喜欢） , love (爱) , neglect (忽略) , need (需要) , prefer (宁愿) , propose (提议) , want (需要)等。例如：

Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside ( to stroll outside or to stay inside ) ? 你是想在外面散步，还是想呆在室内 ？
I can"t afford watching ( to watch ) the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes .
这场比赛我是看不完了，因为半小时后我要上班。
I like playing ( to play ) chess with you , but not today .
我喜欢和你下棋，但不是今天。
When did you begin learning ( to learn ) English ?
你什么时候开始学英文的？
Maria intended visiting ( to visit ) her parents last weekend , but she caught by something else . 上周末，玛莉娅曾打算去看她的父母亲，但却因其他的事而脱不开身。`

注意：当need , want表示"需要"意义时，后面所接的动名词具有被动意义，例如：
The office needs cleaning thoroughly . ( = … to be cleaned thoroughly .)
这间办公室需要彻底打扫。
The roses in your garden want watering .( = … to be watered . )
你花园里的玫瑰需要浇水。

C）有些及物动词后也是既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，但是两种结构在意义上存在一定的差别：
-- 在like , love , hate , prefer等词后，若表示强调"某种爱好、一般性的倾向"，需用动名词作宾语；如指某次将发生的具体行为，则多用不定式作宾语。例如：
She likes dancing more than singing .
她喜欢跳舞胜过唱歌。
She likes to go dancing with her colleagues this weekend.
这个周末她想和同事一块儿去跳舞。
Men often hate going window-shopping .男人通常不爱逛商店。
Davis hates to talk about that topic at next meeting .
戴维斯不想在下次会议上谈那个话题。
She prefers swimming to running . 她喜欢游泳而不喜欢跑步。。
She prefers to go swimming this afternoon .今天下午她要去游泳。

-- 在remember, regret后面，接动名词表示"已发生过的动作"；接不定式表示"现在发生或将要发生的动作" 。例如：
I remember having posted the letter today .
我记得今天把那封信发出去了。
I"ll remember to post the letter for you .我会记得帮你将信发出去的。
I regret not telling her the truth before she left .
我后悔在她离开前告诉她实情。
I regret to say I am not prepared well enough for the new post .
很遗憾地说，我还没有为新的职位作好充分的准备。

-- 在begin , start , 和cease之后，接动名词表示"强调有意识地开始或停止某动作"；不定式则表示"自然、突然地发生的动作"。例如：
She began learning to cook before her marriage .
她是婚前开始学烧饭的。
It began to snow yesterday .昨天开始下雪了。
They started developing the new product in 1999 .
1999年他们开始研制那种新产品。
No sooner had we arrived home than it started to rain heavily.
我们刚一到家就下起大雨来了。
He ceased smoking when he got something wrong with his lung .
当他的肺部出了毛病时，他停止吸烟了。
Electronic games ceased to interested him after he began to work .
他参加工作以后，电子游戏不再使他感兴趣了。

-- stop后接动名词表示"要开始动名词表示的动作"，而后接不定式则表示"终止不式表示的动作" ；try后接动名词表示"试着干某事"，而后接不定式则表示"尽力干某事" 。例如：
Stop talking please . (终止"讲话"的动作)请不要讲话了。

Let"s stop to take a break . （开始"休息"的动作）
让我们停下来休息一会儿。
The boy tried installing his computer and succeed at last . （试着"安装" ）那个男孩试着安装他的电脑，最后成功了。
I"ll try to finish the composition of the book by October .（尽力"完成" ）我要尽力在十月以前完成这本书的写作。

D）动名词作介词的宾语，并与介词一起构成介短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语，如：
I"m looking forward to your coming next time . （作状语）
我期待着您下一次的到来。
On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals , all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes . （作状语）
当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了28块金牌时，全 中国人民都高兴地欢呼起来，并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。
The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad .（作定语）
最简单的广告是分类广告。
They are against using so many animals in experiments .（作表语）
他们反对用如此多的动物去做试验。

另外，在说明"动名词的动作状态"方面，我们有一般式和完成式。当我们要强调说明"动名词动作"发生于"谓语动作"之前时，多用动名词的完成式；如果无意具体说明"动名词动作"发生于什么时候，或是"动名词动作"与"谓语动作"是同时发生时，就只用动名词的一般式。例如：

He is fond of watching sports-games .（一般式）他喜欢观看体育竞赛。
She likes making herself busy all the day .（一般式）
她喜欢使自己终日忙忙碌碌的。
The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time .（完成式）那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。
I regret having said some rude words to my brother .（完成式）
我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。
We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing（完成式）
我们不知道他们干过这种事情。

当然，上面所将的也并不是绝对的。有些动词后（或成语中），我们也可用动名词的一般式表示发生于"谓语动作"之前的"动名词动作"。例如：

I don"t remember ever seeing her any time .
我不记得曾几何时见过她。
He apologized for interrupting us .
他因打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。
Thank you for offering me so much help .
感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。

当动名词在句子中的逻辑主语在意义上是动名词动作的宾语时，我们应当用动名词的被动形式。 "being + 过去分词"是动名词被动式的一般形式；"having + been + " 是动名词被动式的完成形式。例如：

People hate being praised for nothing .人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。
The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。
His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot .
他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。
She didn"t mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。
After having been treated in the special way, he could deal with everything around him smoothly .他接受了特殊化的训练后，能顺利地对付他周围的一切。
He can"t remember having been scolded by his boss for that matter .
他不记得老板曾为那件事责备过他。

但是在很多情况下，我们常用动名词的一般被动形式；避免使用动名词被动式的完成形式，因为它会使句子显得累赘。最后，还有一点值得我们注意：
want（需要）, need（需要）, deserve（值得）, require（需要）等词后，我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。例如：

Your car needs filling . 你这车要充气了。
This city deserves visiting . 这座城市值得光顾一下。
The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。
The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/3840092.html

英文语法拉杂谈--动名词

作者:kohtp

谈谈动名词（GERUND)

你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？

在还没谈动名词之前，让我们先看看下面的句子：

1. The girl is singing a song.
2. The girl singing now is my sister.
3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).

三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present
Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present
Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，
要把你搞晕了吧 :-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈吧，OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第
三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！你
看，sing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。怎么，好玩
吧？

因此记住，不要以为一个动词加上ing后都是现在进行式呀！动名词可分为两大类：

一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)

Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词
(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some,
any, all, no 等等。举例如下：

1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.
(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)

2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in
the bushes.
(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint)

从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那
就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：

saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,
saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，
方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。

二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund)

看看下面的句子：

Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.

上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受
词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。

注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。

好，今天就谈到这里，更多关于动名词的事下回再谈。如果诸位不怕头晕的，请再来试
试，嘿嘿！

谈谈动名词(Gerund)(二）

动名词的功能与用法

一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement):

1.1 作主语

1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ）
2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)
3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking)

1.2 作主语的补语

1. My cat"s favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)
2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)

1.3 主语置于句尾

1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型

1. It is fun speaking English.
2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).

1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型

1. It is no use learning theory without practice.
2. It is no fun being lost in rain.

1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型

1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.

1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型

1. There is no joking about such matters.
2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)

如何？感到头晕了吗？不怕的再来吧。再见。

谈谈动名词(Gerund)(三)

二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)

2.1 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）

1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)
2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling)
3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking)

注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类
动词还有：
dislike 厌恶 admit 接受 repent 后悔 acknowledge 承认
enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否认 postpone 延迟
resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒风险
finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽误 consider 认为
fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象
resist 抵制 suggest 建议 ……
还有短语类：
keep (on)继续 don"t mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃
put off 延迟 leave off 停止 burst out 闯出 ……

再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下：

1. I prefer living in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living)
2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live)

像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有：

allow deserve neglect attempt
fear omit begin hate
permit bother intend cease
like recommend continue love
start stop forget regret
propose try continue remember
need ……

其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不
同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi……

2.2 作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)

1. I"m sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)
2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)
3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)
4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)

注意：在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：

1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.
2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.
3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.
4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?

2.3 作"名词+介词"的宾语

请看下列的句子：

1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾
语speaking)
2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语
studying)

这一类"名词+介词"的还有：

danger of fear of objection to
delight to habit of opportunity for /of
excuse for experience in love in
reason for ……

好了，好了，看到这里，你是不是需要一点风油呢？呵呵！Gerund还没谈完呢，再会
吧。

谈谈动名词(Gerund)（四）

三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)

什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的"主语
"，也就称为"逻辑主语"，一般位于动名词的前面。

3.1 在动名词前加"物主代词（如：my, his...)"或"名词所有格(如：Mary"s,
Dog"s...)"

1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming）
2. Tom"s escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主
语Tom,动名词escaping)

3.2 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名
词所有格"

1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)
2. He insisted on Mary"s staying there. (逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)

注意：作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时，则用通格（of the):

1. I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate
friends. （逻辑主语news)

3.3 在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：

3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:

1. I remember all of them saying it .

3.3.2 数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old...)作逻辑主语时：

1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe
it.

3.3.3 结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语，或受从句或短语修饰时：

1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking
a little louder?

真是烦死人了！还好，"动名词"最难的一关要算是"逻辑主语"了。如果你闯过后，接下
来的就轻松得多了。哈哈……

谈谈动名词(Gerund)（五）

四、动名词的语态

4.1 被动式(being + v-ed)

当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。

1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.
2. They couldn"t stand being treated(被对待) like that.

4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)

动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。

1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.
2. The students" having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.

4.3 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)

1. I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.
2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)
rudely.

4.4 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动
语态来表示被动的意思。

1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水）.
2. That"s one of those questions that really don"t need answering(不需回
答).

五、作定语 （Attribute）

动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。

1. sleeping car 卧车
2. walking stick 手杖
3. printing shop 印务馆
4. reading room 阅读室
5. swimming pool 泳池
6. washing machine 洗衣机
7. dining room 饭厅

六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子
句(Adverbial Clauses)

例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the
following number:...
2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the
following number:...

第二个句子的"In case of "动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 "In
case" 副词子句。

下列都是这类例子：

1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )
2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite)
3. For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)
4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)
5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)
6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )
7. The girl left without saying a word. (without)
8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)
9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)
10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England.
(after)
11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)
12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)
13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)

关于动名词终于谈完了，呜呼噫嘻……
参考资料：www.iselong.com