英语小问题！

定语从句

●关系词的意义及作用

定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：

一、引导定语从句。

二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。

●关系词的选用与判断

在前一节中我们讲到正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。

关系词

主语

宾语

表语

定语

状语

说

明

that

人/物

人/物

√

×

√

不能用于非限定性从句

which

物

物

×

×

√

who

人

×

×

×

×

whom

×

人

×

×

×

whose

×

×

×

人/物

×

when

×

×

×

×

√

where

×

×

×

×

√

why

×

×

×

×

√

as

主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as,

the

same…as,

as…as,结构中。

二、关系词的选用

1.先行词为all,everything,nothing等不定代词，代替物时，定语从句that用引导。

注：something后一般用which。

Is

there

anything

that

you

want

to

explain?

In

1898

they

declared

that

they

believed

there

was

something

in

nature

which

gave

out

radiation.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only,very,none,no,little,few,much等修饰时定语从句用that引导。

This

is

the

only

reason

that

I

can

say.

This

is

the

first

step

that

can

be

taken.

It

is

the

best

one

that

you

may

choose.

3.way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：a.在比较正式的文体中用in

which；b.一般情况下用that；c.in

which和that省去。

a.I

was

struck

by

the

beauty

of

the

way

in

which

she

stood.

It

was

clear

that

the

speaker

now

trusted

Tom

from

the

way

in

which

these

words

were

said.

b.Lincoin

asked

the

people

to

think

of

slavery

in

the

way

that

these

men

did.

Mary,there

is

one

way

that

you

could

stop

others

talking

about

you

and

criticizing

you.

c.That"s

the

way

I

looked

at

it.

The

assistant

who

served

her

did

not

like

the

way

she

was

dressed.

4.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country,school,room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

The

room

where(=in

which)he

used

to

live

has

now

been

turned

into

a

museum.

The

desk

where(=on

which)I

put

my

bag

is

his.

This

is

the

school

where(=in

which)I

joined

the

Party.

关系词的选用与判断（续）

5.先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

在掌握第4、第5条时应特别注意：介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分析下面两个句子。

①那就是他工作的大学。

┏

at

which

he

works.

┣

which

he

works

at.

That

is

the

college

┣

where

he

works.

┣

that

he

works

at.

┗

he

works

at.

②它出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。

┏

on

which

he

was

born

┣

which

he

was

born

on

The

day

┣

when

he

was

born

was

Aug.20,1952.

┣

that

he

was

born

on

┗

he

was

born

on

6.

除了第4、第5条中when，where可以用介词＋关系词这种用法外。还有其他情况也可以用这种结构。即：介词＋which。或介词＋whom。请看下面例句：

This

is

the

classmate

with

whom

I"ll

go

to

the

cinema.

The

subject

in

which

I"m

most

interested

is

English.

We

can

see

the

method

by

which

the

computer

works.

在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

三、关于as引导定语从句的问题

as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the

same…as，such…as，as…as的结构中。

1.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。

He

married

the

girl，as(which)was

natural.

He

seemed

a

freigner,as(which)in

fact

he

was.

不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。

As

was

natural,

he

married

the

girl.

2.在the

same…as,such…as,as…as结构中，same,such,as之后应是名词或形容词＋名词。

We

are

facing

the

same

problems

as

we

did

years

ago.

Some

people

have

no

doubt

that

their

cat

understands

as

many

words

as

a

dog

does.

We

hope

to

get

such

a

tool

as

he

is

using.

这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要去掉这种结构，不能直接用which代替as。以上三句分别可以改写成：

We

are

facing

the

problems

which

we

faced

years

ago.

Some

people

have

no

doubt

that

their

cat

understands

the

words

which

a

dog

understands.

We

hope

to

get

the

tool

which

he

is

using.

3.the

same…as与the

same…that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。是比较：

This

is

the

same

watch

as

I

lost.

这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）

This

is

the

same

watch

that

I

lost.

这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）

●注意事项

1.一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，先行词前应有定冠词the。

2.在限制性定语从句中which,whom,that充当宾语时，可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中whom,who,which不能省略。

3.在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开。

4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看that前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词，如：idea,fact,thought,news等。后面的从句是说明其内容的，（这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分），这个从句则是同位语从句。

He

expressed

the

hope

that

he

has

had

for

many

years.

hope在从句中不充当句子成分，又加上后面从句是说明hope的内容的，因此时同位语从句。

5.the

reason

why(=for

which)是由why或for

which引导的定语从句。而the

reason

that也是that引导的定语从句。that往往省略。

This

is

the

reason

why

he

was

late.

=This

is

the

reason

(that)he

was

late.

6.当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠，定语从句用that引导。

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

door?

Which

of

the

two

cows

that

you

keep

produces

more

milk?

7.先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that引导。

John

and

his

dog

that

were

here

a

moment

ago

disappear

now.

8.不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。

He

is

no

longer

the

man

that

he

was.

9.“one

of＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数；而“one

of＋可数名词复数”前有the，only或the

only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。

He

is

one

of

the

students

who

study

very

hard

at

school.

He

is

the(only/the

only)

one

of

the

students

who

studies

very

hard

at

school.

1.respect for sb和 respect sb都是尊敬某人的意思。respect for sb中

respect为名词，respect sb中respect为及物动词。have respect for sb 尊敬某人的意思，have 为及物动词，respect为名词。respect sb for (doing) sth 因做某事而尊敬某人。

2.comtinue to do sth 指继续做中断过的同一件事；continue doing sth 指

指继续做中断过或未中断过的同一件事。

3.go on to do sth 指继续做另一件不同的事；go on doing sth 继续做未中断过的同一件事。 keep on doing 不断做某事或继续做某事，其动作之间可以

略有停顿。 keep on to do sth 指继续做另一件不同的事。

这是一个关于非谓语动词的问题。

1.现就题论题，你问are后面为什么加V-ing，这句话的翻译是“其他最喜欢的爱好是读书和唱歌”，但是read和sing是动词，不能直接加在are后，因为一个简单句只能有一个动词，所以变成reading和singing，这样的词叫动名词，由动词加ing转化而来，但起名词的作用。

2.非谓语动词有三种：不定式，V-ing，V-ed。V-ing一般表示正在进行的或固有的性质与状态，V-ed一般表示已经进行完了的或含有被动意义的，不定式一般表示目的或将要进行的。

3.给你几个例子：Our

aim

is

to

get

the

apple.(表目的）The

plane

is

to

fly.（表将来）

The

dog

is

running.(正在进行）He

is

promising

man.(状态与性质）

unfinished

work（被动）developed

countries（完成）

4.love+V-ing，这是固定搭配

5.成分的问题前面答得很好，不再重答。

6.非谓语动词很难，我讲的只是大概，建议你去找专业的语法书再学，推荐一本：星火英语高中版，上面很详细，希望你这回可以明白。

turn

off

(把…)关掉

The

tap

won"t

turn

off

and

there

is

water

all

over

the

floor.

水龙头关不上,

满地都是水。

转向;

拐弯

The

road

to

Watts

turns

off

here.

去瓦茨的路从这里拐弯。

完成

I

turned

off

a

good

piece

of

work

this

morning.

今天上午我完成了一件令人满意的工作。

(使某人)感到厌烦

Half

the

crowd

turned

off

when

the

speaker

began

talking

about

pop

music.

讲话人开始谈起流行音乐时,

一半听众兴味索然。

解雇,

辞退

I

have

turned

off

my

maid.

我已把女仆辞了。

I

句子成分

句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。

英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一：

S

V

（主＋谓）

基本句型二：

S

V

P

（主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三：

S

V

O

（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四：

S

V

o

O

（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五：

S

V

O

C

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

1.其余的最喜爱的兴趣是阅读和唱歌，在这里加上ing是表示名词，不能用ed

2.love后跟ing是他的句型决定的，也就是love

doing

sth

3.英语一定要有的成分是主语，和谓语，英语句子所有成分是主语`谓语`定语`状语`补语`宾语`表语

加一个短语就行了

On

second

though,

I

don"t

need

it

so

much

意思是,再仔细想想的话,

我不怎么需要它

应该就能把你的意思说清楚了

同意楼上的，似乎是少了一个being

mind

是介意、反对的意思

此句的意思是：你介意被称为坏学生吗？

其它例句：

Would

you

mind

changing

places

with

me

so

that

I

can

be

nearer

the

fire?

你能不能与我换一换位置,这样我可以离炉火近一点。

"Would

you

mind

my

coming

with

you?"

he

asked,

before

I

had

finished

speaking."Not

at

all,"

I

lied.

`我跟你一道走走,你不在意吗?"我还没有说完他就问道。`一点也不,"我撤谎道。

I

don"t

mind

cigarette

smoke.

我不在乎香烟的味儿。

此外从牛津字典上也可以查到如下用法：

1.

mind＋名词：

Do

you

mind

the

noise?

2.

mind＋that引导的从句

She

minded

very

much

that

he

had

not

come

3.

mind＋if引导的从句

Do

you

mind

if

I

smoke?

4.

mind＋(about)doing

Does

she

mind

(about)

not

getting

that

job?

of

be

made

of和be

made

from都表示“由……制成”，主语为制成品。

1.be

made

of

表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。如：

The

kite

is

made

of

paper．风筝是用纸做的。

2.be

made

from

表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。如：

The

paper

is

made

from

wood．纸是木头做的。

Butter

is

made

from

milk．黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。

前者是个问句，后者也是个问句，不过问的人带有肯定的语气。。

根据后面所跟的名词而定，如果加的是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，如果跟的是不可数名词，或可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。所以例题用are

1.The

AUSTRALIAN

speak

English.(Australia)2.America

was

DISCOVERED

by

Columbus.(cover)3.The

girls

talked

EXCITELY

all

the

way

after

they

came

out

of

the

cinema.(excite)4.After

school

the

Class

one

students

had

a

heated

DISCUSSION.(discuss)5.Don"t

be

CARELESS

when

your

are

doing

your

homework/.(care)6.Our

teacher

told

us

that

the

first

watch

was

made

in

BRITAIN

(British)7.I

don"t

like

KOREAN(这个的答案是你自己打错的)

food.(froaen)8.Luckily

our

school

lost

the

game

again.(luck)9.It"s

UNFAIR

not

to

let

her

take

part

in

English

contest.(fair).

自己想了好久,纯手打,望采纳.

不采纳你都不好意思啊.

选A，首先排除C、D，因为如果这样，him就应为he，然后根据时态，这个动作在现在已经完成了，所以应该用现在完成时

例如：They

often

let

him

sweep

the

floor.他们常常让他扫地。make

和have也能替代let.

就这样

draw

也可以指“抽”

“在抽奖中”是

"in

a

prize

draw"

或

"in

a

lucky

draw"

random是随机的意思

用在这里不对