100分悬赏英语的基本知识

不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can"t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn"t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

） It"s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It"s so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It"s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It"s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It"s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It"s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles to give light.

）目的状语

To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

What have I said to make you angry.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

I"m glad to see you.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，

be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, have, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4） would rather，had better：

5） Why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题

1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn"t have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）Tell him ___ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut

D. not shut

答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see

D. having not seen

答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver

C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eating

答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

1）too…to 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I"m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。

It"s never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I"m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"

例如：

Why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度假?

有点长啊！

单复数太多了，没法列的

组句很容易的，记住基本句式 主语-谓语-宾语（主语是名词，谓语是动词，宾语是名字）。扩展开的有修饰谓语的叫状语，状语一般是副词，修饰宾语的一般是形容词。从句是另外的

水果的有

cherry樱桃

coconut椰子

grape葡萄

grapefruit西柚

kiwi fruit猕猴桃

lemon柠檬

longan龙眼

lychee荔枝

mango芒果

mangosteen山竹

mandarin orange柑橘

olive橄榄

peach桃

pear梨

plum李子

Hami melon哈密瓜

melon甜瓜

papaya木瓜

honeydew melon蜜瓜

pineapple菠萝

sugarcane甘蔗

strawberry草莓

apple苹果

banana香蕉

watermelon 西瓜

grape 葡萄

柚子 pomelo 山楂 haw / hawthorn

油桃 nectarine 石榴 pomegranate

柑子 tangerine 柿子 persimmon

榛子 hazelnut 红橙 blood orange葡萄柚 grapefruit 猕猴桃 kiwi fruit

可可豆 cocoanut 葡萄干 currant

无花果 fig 杏仁 almond

杏 apricot 欧查果medlar

waxberry杨梅coconut椰子

carambola 杨桃cherry 樱桃pineapple 凤梨

watermelon 西瓜

betelnut 槟榔

chestnut 栗子

coconut 椰子

mandarin orange 橘

sugar-cane 甘蔗

muskmelon 香瓜

juice peach 水蜜桃

carambola 杨桃

cherry 樱桃

persimmon 柿子

almond 杏仁

plum 李子

honey-dew melon 哈密瓜

loquat 枇杷

olive 橄榄

rambutan 红毛丹

durian 榴梿

grapefruit 葡萄柚

longan 龙眼

wax-apple 莲雾

动物的

horse 马

mare 母马

colt, foal 马驹,小马

pony 矮马

thoroughbred 纯种马

mustang 野马

mule 骡

ass, donkey 驴

ox 牛

buffalo 水牛

bull 公牛

cow 母牛

calf 小牛, 牛犊

bullock, steer 小阉牛

heifer 小母牛

pig, swine 猪

boar 种猪

hog 阉猪, 肥猪

gilt 小母猪

piglet 猪崽

sheep 羊

ewe 母羊

goat 山羊

lamb 羊羔,羔羊

zebra 斑马

antilope 羚羊

gazelle 小羚羊

deer 鹿

reindeer 驯鹿

giraffe 长颈鹿

camel 骆驼

dromedary 单峰驼

llama 大羊驼

guanaco 原驼

alpaca 羊驼

vicuna 小羊驼

elephant 象

rhinoceros 犀牛

tabby, she-cat, grimalkin 雌猫

tomcat 雄猫, 公猫

kitten, kitty, pussy 小猫

lion 狮

lynx 猞猁

panther, puma 美洲豹

leopard 豹

tiger 虎

wildcat 野猫

bison 美洲野牛

yak 牦牛

dog 狗

badger 獾

weasel 鼬,黄鼠狼

otter 水獭

fox 狐

hyena, hyaena 鬣狗

wolf 狼

squirrel 松鼠

dormouse 睡鼠

beaver 河狸

marmot 土拨鼠

ferret 雪貂

bear 熊

rabbit 兔子

hare 野兔

rat 鼠

chinchilla 南美栗鼠

gopher 囊地鼠

Guinea pig 豚鼠

marmot 土拨鼠

mole 鼹鼠

mouse 家鼠

vole 田鼠

eagle 鹰

bald eagle 白头鹰

monkey 猴子

chimpanzee 黑猩猩

gorilla 大猩猩

orangutan 猩猩

gibbon 长臂猿

sloth 獭猴 anteater 食蚁兽

duckbill, platypus 鸭嘴兽

kangaroo 袋鼠

koala 考拉, 树袋熊

hedgehog 刺猬

porcupine 箭猪, 豪猪

bat 蝙蝠

armadillo 犰狳

whale 鲸

dolphin 河豚

seal 海豹

walrus 海象

kite 鹞

vulture 秃鹫

cock 公鸡

hen 母鸡

chicken 鸡, 雏鸡

heron 苍鹰

golden eagle 鹫

guinea, fowl 珍珠鸡

turkey 火鸡

peacock 孔雀

duck 鸭

mallard 野鸭, 凫

swan 天鹅

cob 雄天鹅

cygnet 小天鹅

gander, wild goose 雁

dove 鸽

pigeon 野鸽

turtle dove 斑鸠

pheasant 雉, 野鸡

grouse 松鸡

partridge 石鸡, 鹧鸪

ptarmigan 雷鸟

quail 鹌鹑

ostrich 鸵鸟

stork 鹳

woodcock 山鹬

snipe 鹬

gull, seagull 海鸥

albatross 信天翁

kingfisher 翠鸟

woodpecker 啄木鸟

parrot 鹦鹉

cuckoo 杜鹃,布谷鸟

crow 乌鸦

blackbird 乌鸫

magpie 喜鹊

swallow 燕子

robin 知更鸟

plover 千鸟

lark 百鸟,云雀

whitethroat 白喉雀

hummingbird 蜂雀

penguin 企鹅

owl 枭,猫头鹰

snake 蛇

boa 王蛇

cobra 眼镜蛇

copperhead 美洲腹蛇

coral snake 银环蛇

grass snake 草蛇

python 蟒蛇

rattlesnake 响尾蛇

lizard 蜥蜴

tuatara 古蜥蜴

chameleon 变色龙,避役

wall lizard 壁虎

你去找个初中英语老师就给你解答了。。。

快中考了把。。加油。。爱国的孩子，呵呵

如果问具体点我能帮忙一下，这个。。我怕就没那么详细的答案了

你这个好花时间 我考虑看看

买一本字典，后面基本都有