定语从句中何时使用“介词+关系代词”

介词加关系代词有以下用法：1、根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。如：Water is the natural medium in which fish live.水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。（注意搭配live in)2、根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。如：Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。（注意搭配be interested in)3、根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher"s desk.这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。（注意搭配in the front of our classroom)4、根据句意来确定介词的使用。如：This is the book from which I got the story.这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。（由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词from)介词加关系代词的搭配注意事项介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词＋which/whom”结构。含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。

关于“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。This is the pen that / which you are looking for.The patient whom she is looking after is her father.The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of.二、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, __without which__I cannot see clearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1. Do you like the book __________ she learned a lot? 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn"t been cleaned for at least a year.3. The tower _________ people can have a good view is on the hill.注意：介词+关系代词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导 　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. 　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. 　　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. 　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 　　(5) We"ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. 　　(6) We"ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 　　注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等 　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确) 　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误) 　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) 　　(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) 　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) 　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 　　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

介词＋关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：动词与介词的搭配。He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（qualify +名词＋for "使…具有…资格＂）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which they"ve been lived for 15 years .（in the house "在屋子里＂）他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。

“介词＋关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。表示地点，时间和原因的“介词＋which”分别相当于where，when，why。I have found the book in which thenames of all the early satellites are mentioned．（SEFC 2A L．55）（＝Ihave found the book．The names of all the early satellites arementioned in it．）The earth on which ／where we live is aplanet．way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。I really don"t like the way that hetalks．That was the way in which the old ladylooked after us．Do it the way I showed you．“of＋which”起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物），其词序通常是“n．＋of which”。They live in a house whose door ／thedoor of which opens to the south.He"s written a book whose name ／thename of which I"ve com- pletely forgotten．

定语从句介词加关系代词如下：1、定语从句中的“介词+关系代词”的用法：在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时用which；指人时用whom，而不能用that或who代替。例如：There comes the girl, for whom I have been waiting around an hour.这个女孩来了，我将近等了她快一个小时。2、固定动词短语中的介词通常不能提前，例如listen to/look at/depend on/look for/pay attention to/take care of/look after/take part in/make use of/catch up with/get along with/hear of /look forward to等。例如：This must be that book that Tom is looking for.这肯定是汤姆正在找的那本书。3、介词+关系代词的其他用法：1.复杂介词+关系代词：用于该结构中的关系代词有which/whom/whose。常用的复杂介词有because of/in front of/as a result of/at the back of等。例如：They were badly hurt in the earthquake, because of which they didn"t go to school.2.表部分或整体的概念的“代词+of+关系代词”：表示部分与整体概念的代词有both/all/neither/none/either/some/any/most/few/half等。例如：China has lots of nations, one of which is Tujia.这个有许多民族，其中之一为土家族。3.the+名词+of+关系代词：此结构用于代替whose+名词，也可用“of which the +名词”。例如：This is the room, the window of which is blue.=This is the room, of which the window is blue.=This is the room whose window is blue.这就是那个窗户为蓝色的房间。4.关系副词when/where/why可用“介词+which”来代替。例如：I often think of the moment when/at which I met her.我常常想起见到她的那一刻。

介词+关系词怎么用？介词加关系词分别等于什么？答：一、“介词＋关系代词”的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。例如：Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如：Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。例如：The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。例如：The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。例如：I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。例如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)(三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。例如：The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.＝The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。例如：All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.I don"t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.(五)in that不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。例如：She didn"t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.二、“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的转化(1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。例如：I visited the village where many children couldn"t go to school because of poverty.＝I visited the village in which many children couldn"t go to school because of poverty.(2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。例如：We"d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.＝We"d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.(3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。例如：Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?＝Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?

定语从句的关系代词分三种，关系代词（which，that，who，whom，as等等）介词+关系代词关系副词（when，where，why=介词+关系代词）至于介词的选择是由先行词和定语从句一起决定的，尤其是定语从句的谓语决定，构成固定搭配。看例句：Let"s talk about the topic in which you are interested （be interested in固定搭配） 让我们谈谈你感兴趣的话题Let"s talk about the topic of which you are fond（be fond of固定搭配）让我们谈谈你喜欢的话题Let"s talk about the topic to which you take（take to固定搭配）让我们谈谈你喜欢的话题

介词+关系代词在定从中充当句子成分。Thisisthecompanywhere(inwhich)Iusedtowork.inwhich在定从中做状语，表示地点

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句：由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred。我指的就是这个人。This is the man （whom） I referred to。我指的就是这个人。直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which，whom也可换成that、who或省略。如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot。（which不能换成that。也不能省略）。This is a subject which we have talked about a lot。这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。（which可以换成that。也可以省略）。关系副词：when、where、why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。如：That is the day when【=on which】he was born。那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where【=in which】he lived。那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why【=for which】he must apologize。那就是他必须道歉的原因。

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句在从句中通常表示时间、地点或原因等，关系代词前有介词的定语从句仍是一个定语从句，与普通定语从句的不同点：in which,on which或at which等在从句当中做状语。 扩展资料 　　关系代词之前有介词的定语从句，这是一类非常常见的定语从句。我们先看一个例子。The school in which he once studied is very famous。那么在我们学这个句子之前，我希望各位先要了解定语从句的概念，定语从句就是定语是个句子的从句，我们说定语是个句子，一般情况下定语是形容词，现在定语变成了一个句子，我们就叫定语从句。 　　定语从句有一个很重要的特点，它是修饰前面这个名词的，修饰前面这个先行词，中文通常会翻译成“什么的”，这是定语从句。 　　温习了这个概念之后，我们再看一下定语从句当中有一类又很特殊，那就是由关系代词前面有一个介词来引导的定语从句。比如说in which， at which，on which，for which等等，那么这一类定语从句特点是什么？ 　　首先我们要知道，它仍旧是引导定语从句的，和前面的名词关系是修饰关系。 　　第二，它的"最大的不同点在于in which在从句里做状语。这句话再说一遍。in which在从句里做状语。为什么做状语呢？我们不妨看一下它是不是做状语。在刚才这个例句当中，我们看一下，从句部分是he once studied，他曾经学习，我没有说定语，我没有说状语，它缺状语he once studied.他曾经学习。在哪学习呢？其实我们刚好要交代这个地点，就是he once studied in the school. in the school介词名词正好就做从句的状语,而这个which关系代词正好也代指的就是school。He once studied in the school.这不就是做状语吗？所以这个句子的特点就在于in which在从句里，一定要明确它是做状语的。最后我们把这个句子再体会一遍。The school in which he once studied is very famous.这句话的主干就是把定语去掉，变成了The school is very famous.然后接下来我可以把school的定语加上。

系副词即表时间when,地点where ,原因why,等词,在句中的具体用法要看句子的意思了.介词加关系代词一般情况下就是介词加which的情况,即in which = where/when (大的时间年月季等或大的地点国家、城市等) at which=where/when(小的时间点 某一时刻 或小的地点 在学校、家等) for which=why 因此,在定语从句中,有介词时,必选which,其意与所对应的关系副词是一样的. 还要根据句子的结构搭配哦 选用介词的依据： (1) for which=Why Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. (2) with whom和某人 The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist. (3) through which穿过某处 The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside. (4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of.例如： I have about 20 books,half of which were written by Bing Xin,the famous writer. (二)在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after,look for等.例如： The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) 【三】“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写.例如： The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired. ＝The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired. 好了,报告完毕.

参考

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句：The attributive clause guided by the relative pronoun of a preposition。介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。英语前置词表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。前置词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。同时介词的用法也很灵活，同一个介词可以表达多种意义，介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。

关系代词作介词宾语。

这个问题的答案是：并非如此。原因有几个方面：一：介词+关系词中的介词可能是多变的，而关系词也不是一成不变的，如：withwhom,aboutwhich，ofwhich等，而这些虽然形式上属于“介词+关系词”，却不能被关系副词替代。二：必须明确指出，您提问中所说的介词+关系代词被关系副词替代是指in/on/at/+which被when、where替代以及for+which被why替代而言的。一般说来，在表示时间、地点、原因时，when=in/on/at+which;where=in/on/at+which;why=for+which，此时，in、on、at三个介词中任何一个加which，都可以被when，where所替代；why替代forwhich时有一个前提条件：其前面的先行词必须是thereason。试看一例：thiswastheopportunityforwhichberthahadbeenlooking.本句中，虽然形式上有forwhich，但却不能被why替代，因为这里的for是短语lookingfor中的介词被前置而形成的，且并不表示原因。三：仅知道第二点也是不够的，必要说明的是，除过whenwherewhy之外，还存在第四个关系副词：that！是的，这个that与关系代词里的那个that是外形相同，但属性不同，这个that是关系副词，用于针对原因和方式而言.试看例子：1）thewayinwhichthismattercanbeuseddependsonitsproperties.本句中，inwhich虽然是介词+关系词，但却不能被when或where替代，因为本句中inwhich是表方式而言，故而只能被关系副词that替代,即：thewaythatthismattercanbeuseddependsonitsproperties.（针对于方式）2）thereasonthatshecannotsleepatnightisthatshemissesherfamily.（针对于原因）本句中，thereason后面的that就是关系副词，这个that可以被why替代。

充当的成分不一样

最简单的方法是“缺什么补什么”故名思义定语从句是一个完整的句子，主谓宾，主系表，甚至是壮语，如果句子里有这些成份的话一定要完整，尤其注意缺的词在定语从句的成分，与谓语的关系和它与先行词的关系。如Thisisthehouse，..Ilive分析定语从句中缺的成分应inthishouse故填inwhich，如果我定语从句改为…Ibought则缺谓语，完整的句子是Iboughtthehouse故填which/that

引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where,和why, 其具体用法如下:1） 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语。在口语中可以用that代替when，也可以用介词+which来代替when。 I will never forget the day when (=that / on which) I went to university. (when, that or on which 相当于on that day，在从句中作状语。) The dark days when the imperialists ruled China are gone. 帝国主义统治中国的黑暗时代一去不复返了。 2）当定语从句修饰表示地点的名词时，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语从句。 Is there a shop around where I can get school things? 附近有什么商店可以买到学习用品吗？ I have found a peaceful place where I can study. 我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方。(where=that or in which)3）当定语从句所修饰的词是表示原因的词，用why，在定语从句中作原因状语。 This is the reason why he was absent. 这就是他为什么缺席的原因。 (why=for which)I don"t know the reason why he did it. 若是不缺成分就用关系副词如 I don"t like the way he talks to me.若是缺少成分就用关系代词如（缺主语）I don"t know the person who is talking with my brother.(缺宾语）I always remember the day (that) we spent together.介词加关系代词就是关系副词的形式如I don"t know the place in which he lives.

对于“介词+which／whom”结构的考查,高考英语主要涉及以下几个方面. 1.考查定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 （1） 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 Water is the natural medium in which fish live.水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境.（注意搭配live in） The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们找寻的文件已经找到了.（注意搭配 search for） This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题.（注意搭配 argue about） I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人.（注意搭配 discuss sth with sb） 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分,此时它们的位置应注意.如： The boy （whom） my sister is looking after is getting better. 不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. （2） 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书.（注意搭配 be familiar with） 2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词.如： This is our classroom,in the front of which there is a teacher"s desk.这是我们的教室,前面有老师的讲台.（注意搭配 in the front of our classroom） I"ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天.（注意搭配 on the day） 3.考查表示所属关系的 of which 〔whom〕 On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence,the meaning of which I don"t understand.老师在黑板上写了一个句子,句子的意思我不明白.（注意搭配 the meaning of the sentence） 4.考查表示整体与部分关系的 of which 〔whom〕 I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.我有5本英语词典,其中最好的是朗文词典.（注意搭配 of the five dictionaries） The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.多数公共汽车已经上满了人,周围是一伙愤怒的群众.（注意搭配 most of the buses） I met the fruit-pickers,several of whom were university students.我碰到那些摘水果的人,其中有好几个是大学生.（注意搭配 several of them） 5.考查表示同位关系的 of which 〔whom〕 Her sons,both of whom work abroad,rang her up this morning.她的两个儿子都在国外工作,今天早上给她打了电话.（注意搭配 both of her sons） 【边学边练】用适当的介词和关系代词填空. 1.Do you like the book _____ she spent $10? 2.Do you like the book _____ she paid $10? 3.Do you like the book _____ she learned a lot? 4.Do you like the book _____ she often talks? 5.He built a telescope _____ he could study the skies. 6.There is a tall tree outside,_____ stands our teacher. 7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _____ is the Yellow River. 8.The tower _____ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9.The man _____ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most _____ hadn"t been cleaned for at least a year. 11.The workers,some _____ stayed for four years,came from different countries. 12.The committee consists of 20 members,5 _____ are women. 13.The book contains 50 poems,most _____ were written in the 1930s. 14.There are two left,one _____ is almost finished,and the other _____ is not. 【参考答案】 1.on which2.for which 3.from [in] which 4.about which 5.through which 6.under which7.of which 8.from which9.to whom 10.of which 11.of whom 12.of whom 13.of which 14.of which,of which

个人认为可以这样说: 一般,关系副词when, where和why可以换成相应的“介词+关系代词”。但是，并不是所有的“介词+关系代词”都可以换成关系副词; 或者说只有在一定语境下，某些“介词+关系代词”才能换成关系副词。如:This is the student for whom I bought a book.（无法换成关系副词）这就是我给其买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.（无法换成关系副词）就是我去上海所乘的船。

这是因为介词加关系代词是固定词组，有一定的意义，不能用关系副词代替如when：ayearduring/inwhichadayonwhichaperiodduring/inwhich反过来就不行

是的. 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where,和why, 其具体用法如下: 1）在口语中可以用that代替when，也可以用介词 which来代替when。 I will never

这是一个宾语补足语Beijing is the place in which I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

介词加疑问代词在定语从句中相当于疑问副词如果介词加关系代词相当于关系副词的话那么在定从中作状语。但记住并不是所有的介词加关系代词都相当于关系副词方法：先确定先行词关系词就是先行词的代替词分析定语从句把先行词放入定语从句看它充当从句中的什么成分就是关系词充当的成分了

其实就是一样的 ，因为介词加which构成介词短语相当于副词作用，作状语，where作为副词也是作状语。例如：I like the room in which you live.I like the room where you live.就是要注意根据动词需要使用什么介词。亲：高老师祝你学习进步，每天都开心V_V!望采纳，thx!

介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

<新编英语语法教程> 章振邦, 那本书的语法很全。

关系代词做宾语的时候，同时也还要看定语从句中是不是需要用介词，一般来说是动宾结构的，不及物动词有接介词，那么介词可放在关系代词之前，也可以不放。其实是看你自己的需要

定语从句 所谓从句,就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分,因此,从句不能单独使用.在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句.定语从句是中国人学英语的难点之一. 其实定语从句很有规律,总结如下:在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语,因此,除了在非限定性定语从句中,用that一般不会出问题. 关系副词的用法比较单一,它们从句中只起状语的作用,表示时间的就用who门,表示地点的就用where,而why只修饰一个词,即reason. 定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”,因为它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定语从句先行一步. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词. 关系代词： who,which,that作从句的主语 whom,which,that作从句的宾语(可省略) whose从句中作定语 以下情况只能用that,不能用which: 先行词为不定代词all, little, none,any,every,no,much, anything, nothing 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等) 先行词既有人又有物的时候 以下情况只能用which,不能用that; 引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时) 介词+关系代词的结构中 关系副词： when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语 where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语 why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,只修饰reason. 如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分,定语从句修饰的就是这一部分.要把其中一个句子变成定语从句,就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替;代替时,先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分.指人并作主语的,就用who.或that;指人并作宾语的,就用whom或that;指人并作定语的,就用whose.指物并作主语的,就用which或that认指物并作宾语的,还是用which或that认是物并作定语的,就用whose或of which.这样找好并替换以后,再把这个关系代词放到要变成定语从句的那个句子的最前面(被代替的部分不能再保留,其它的词语一律不变),这个句子就变成了定语从句.然后,再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面,最后,如果还有其它句子成分,就把它们放到定语从句的后面,就行了. 例如： Have you found the book? You were looking for the book yesterday. 在这两个句子中,the book是相同的,定语从句修饰的就是the book.把后面这一句变成定语从句,找个关系词来代替the book；在将要被变成定语从句的名子中,the book是物并作宾语,所以用which或that代替它. 然后把which或that放到本句的最前面,其它的词和语序一律不变.这时,就成了"that/which you were looking for yesterday?”,再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面,就成了“have you found the book that/which you were looking for yesterday?”定语从句就完成了,主句是问句,所以句末用问号.that/which代替的是原句中的宾语,原句变成了从句,它们仍然作从句的宾语.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略,因此上句又可变成“have you found the book you were looking for yesterday?”. 请同学们照上面的例子,把下面变定语从句的步骤说出来(括号里的可以省略): ( 1 ) "The dog belongs to the Browns. It ate my fish yesterday." ……The dog which/that ate my fish yesterday belongs to the Browns. (2) "The lady has gone to the police station. Her car has been stolen." ……The lady whose car has been stolen has gone to the police station. (3) "I" ve seen the film. His girl friend played the leading role In it."" ……I" ve seen the film {which / that) his girl friend played the leading role in ……I"ve seen the film in which his girl friend played the leading role. ……His girl friend played the leading role in the film {which/that) I"ve seen. 关系副词与此同理.只是关系副词代替的是原句中的状语.在被代替 之前,这个状语中一定要含有一个与另一句相同的成分. 例如:This is the house甲I was barn and brought up in the house.在这两个句子中,in the house是句子里的地点状语,定语从句修饰的就是the house.把后面这一句变成定语从句.在将要被变成定语从句的句子中,in the house是地点状语,所以用where来代替它.然后再把where放到本句的最前面,其它的词和语序来代替它.然后再把where放到本句的最前面,其它的词和语序一律不变.这时,就成了"where}was barn and brought up".再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面,就成了"This is the house where I was barn and brought up.”, 定语从句就完成了,主句是陈述句,所以句末用句号.Where代替的是原句中的状语,原句变成了从句,它就作从句的状语. (4) The hotel is an artistic building. We" 11 stay in it. ……The hotel where we" 11 stay is an artistic building. ……The hotel (which/that) we" 11 stay in is an artistic building. ……The hotel in which we" 11 stay is an artistic building. (5) Perhaps they" ve heard of the place. We went there for our holidays last time. ……Perhaps they" re heard of the place where we went for our holidays last time. 定语从句 请读者照上面的例子,把下面变定语从句的步骤说出来（括号里的可以省略）： （6）They"re redecorating the room. A conference will be held in the room. →They"re redecorating the room where a conference will be held. →They"re redecorating the room (which /that) a conference will be held in. →They"re redecorating the room in which a conference will be held. 那么,“介词+关系代词”是怎么回事呢?原来上面这个例句,还有一种做法：This is the house. I was born and brought up in the house.在这两个句子中,the house是相同的,定语从句修饰的就是the house .把后面这一句变成定语从句.在将要被变成定语从句的句子中,the house表示物而且是介词in的宾语,所以用关系代词which或that来代替.然后把which或that放到本句的最前面,其它的词和语序一律不变.这时,后面这一句就成了 “which/that I was born and brought up in”.再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面,就成了“This is the house which/that I was born and brought up in”.定语从句就完成了,主句是陈述句,所以句末用句号. which/that代替的是原句中的宾语,原句变成了从句,它们就作从句的宾语.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略,因此上句又可变成“This is the house I was born and brought up in.” 但是,in可以提到关系代词的前面,不过这时不能用that,而且不能省略.所以上句又可变为“This is the house in which I was born and brought up.”这就是“介词+关系代词”的来历. 定语从句又分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.限定性定语从句把它的先行词限定在特定的意义之内,对先行词起限定的作用、是先行词必不可少的修饰语,没有它,整个句子的意思就会受到影响、就不完整.非限定性定语从句不对先行词起限定的作用,不是先行词必不可少的修饰语,只对先行词起补充说明的作用,没有它,整个句子的意思不会受到影响、仍然完整.非限定性定语从句相当于一个分句,翻译时也是把它当作分句处理的.非限定性定语从句和它的先行词之间要用逗号隔开；而限定性定语从句和它的先行词之间不能用逗号隔开.非限定性定语从句中除了不用that以外,其它关系词都可使用,使用方法与限定性定语从句一样. 例如：The supermarket which was opened two months ago is now closed down. 两个月前开的那家超市现在已经倒闭了.（限定） The supermarket, which was opened two months ago, is now closed down. 那家超市现在已经倒闭了,那家超市两个月前开的.（非限定） The book(which) you"re reading is mine . 你正在读的那本书是我的.（限定） The book, which you"re reading, is mine. 那本书是我的,你正在读那本书.（非限定） 如果以上例子的差别不十分明显,再看下面的例句： I"ve been to London , which is a beautiful city. 我去过伦敦,那是个美丽的城市. Your father, whom I respect very much, is a kind old man. 你父亲是个很和善的老头,我很尊重他. Nanjing, where I lived for five years, is very hot in summer. 南京夏天非常热,我在那里生活过五年. 在以上三例当中,定语从句不就能是限定性的.若变成限定性定语从句,其意就成了“我去过那个是座美丽的城市的伦敦.你那个我很尊重的父亲是个很和善的老头.我在那里生活过五年的南京夏天非常热.”言外之意是还有别的伦敦、父亲和南京. 通过这几个例子我们可以看出,专用名词以及世界上独一无二的东西都不能有限定性定语从句.因为它们的意义本身已经非常清楚,不需要对其进行限定.另外,非限定性定语从句的先行词还可以是整个主句所表达的意义.如：He did well in the physics exam, which surprised me. 他物理考得很好,这使我很吃惊.（学地道的英语有两个重要的练习方法：parallel writing, and reverse translation,即平行写作和逆翻译.所谓平行写作,就是模仿英语的句子写类似的句子.而逆翻译就是先把英语译成汉语,或根据汉语的译文,再把汉语翻译成英语,再把英语译文同原文比较,分析差异.这两种方法能避免汉语式英语.） He did well in the physics exam, which surprised me. 他物理考得很好,这使我很吃惊. 请把这句话逆翻译.有的同学会翻译为：He did well in the physics exam, this surprised me. 这句话错在什么地方呢?错在句法.这句话有两个主谓结构,是两个并列的分句,但没有连词（this 是代词）,这就成了串句. 再如：He"s very particular about wording, which I am not. 他很咬文嚼字,而我不. I said nothing, which made her angry. 我什么也没说,这使她很生气. Tom didn"t go to the show, which was a pity. 没去看演出,这很遗憾. 下面看看各个关系词的用法：1．指人的关系代词：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：（1）作主语（who, that ）Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch.那些参加比赛的人午饭后1：30在大门口集合. 在本句中,先行词是those；关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语.The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor.正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生. 在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语.这个复合句可以还原成两个句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang. （2）作宾语包括作介词宾语（whom, that ）.此种情况下的关系代词可以省略；This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人. 在本句中,先行词是the man；关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语.Is he the manager (whom/that) you are looking for?他是你在找的那位经理吗?（3）当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时,不能用that,也不能省略,如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的.Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago.你刚才和他说话的那个男孩是谁?I know the young couple from whose house the music is coming. 但是当介词放在从句末尾时,作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略.如上头两句可改为：The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.Who is the boy (that/whom) you were talking with a moment ago?2．指物的关系代词which和that的用法：（1）作主语This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer.这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册. （2）作宾语包括作介词宾馆.此种情况下的关系代词可以省略：The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理.The film (which/that) I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in WWII.我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的.（本句有两个定语从句.）This is the bike for which I paid $ 100.这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车.The car(which/that)he went in was a black Cadillac.他坐在里面走了的那辆汽车是一辆黑色的卡迪拉克. The accounts of the company, (which/that) I"ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.我一直非常注意的公司账目,是保持平衡的.3．whose 和of which 指代人或事物,作定语.of which 可用whose 代替；The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father"s.那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的. 例：His house of which the windows (the windows of which /whose windows) were all broken was a depressing sight. 他那所有窗户都坏了的房子真是目不忍睹. That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 这就是那本封皮破了的书.4．关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致.特别要注意插入语,如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人.（everybody believes 是插入语） At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票. 5．关系代词作从句的主语时,从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致：例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English . 这就是用英文写成的使用说明. Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets? 你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗? So far as I know, there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception. 就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会.6．非限定性定语从句不用that,只用who（whose, whom）和which代表人和物；例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week. 她的兄弟们?两个人都在美国工作?每个星期都给她打电话. The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd, 那些公共汽车?大多已经坐满了人?被一群愤怒的人围着. That tower block, which cost five million dollars to build, has been empty for five years. 那个塔楼空着已经5年了.建它花了500万美元. Cricket, which I know very little about, is a very popular sport in England. 板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动,我对它知之甚少. The accounts of the company ,which I"ve been paying great attention to, are in balance. 公司的账目是保持平衡的.我一直非常注意这些账目.

一根据先行词跟介词的搭配 eg.i "ll never forget the day on which i joined the army. 二根据句意确定 eg.she is the girl about whom you were talking. 三当定从的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时,分词不能放到关系代词之前 eg.she has a little daughter,who is looked after by he grows 笔记纯手打,,4,根据从句中的最后一个动词或先行词来决定！如:give up 关系代词前用up ！但是有的动词与介词不能够分开，如listen to,2,介词引导常见的就是when 和 where然后你就看，如果是 where 那就 用in which是when 就用during which还有 for which after which等 就看和前面的能否搭配,1,介词加关系代词引导的定语从句中,如何选取介词? 请各举几个例句,并讲解.Thank you.

当前后两句之间没有并列连词时，则将后句视作前句的定语从句。定语从句有两类：一、限定性定语从句：（往往翻译成一句）1、先行词+关系代副词+定语从句其它部分ouse Do you know the boy who is our monitor?2、先行词+介词+关系代词（which或whom）+定语从句其它部分I visited the factory in which your father worked.二、非限定性定语从句：（往往翻译成两句）1、先行词，+关系代副词+定语从句其它部分I have been in the city for several years, where you studied last year.2、先行词，+介词+关系代词（which或whom）+定语从句其它部分I have been in the city for several years, in which you studied last year.3、先行词，+名词（数词、不定代词）+关系代词（which或whom）+定语从句其它部分I like the room, the window of which faces the south.The old lady has three sons, two of whom are doctors.I have many books, some of which are story-books.

1.He has three elder sisters, one of whom is a doctor.2.He lives in a house, of which the windows are very big.3.Do you still remember the day on which you joined our club?4.This is the room in which we have lived.5.This is the driver with whom my young brother and I have been working for ten years.

1.做定语,如：The book in which the pictures are black and white is mine. 主句是：The book is mine. 定从是：The pictures are black and white. 在复合句中in chich作定语. 2.作状语,如：The boy with whom I will go to your home is my best friend. 主句是：The boy is my best friend. 定从是：I will go to your home with him. 在复合句中with whom作状语.

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是指以介词加关系代词作为定语从句的引导词的情况。该从句通常用在修饰人或物的名词前面，以使句子更加流畅和自然。常用的介词包括 at, in, on, with, by等，关系代词则通常为whom, which, where, that等。下面是一些例子，以帮助理解这种从句的使用:1. The woman with whom I was talking is my sister.“with whom ”绑定的是“woman”这个名词，表示正在跟这个女人进行会话的人是演讲者的姐姐。2. The museum where we went last weekend was very interesting.“where” 绑定的是“museum ”这个名词, 这个定语从句具体说明上个周末排团去参观的博物馆非常有趣。3. The package that I received in the mail was from my friend.因为指代的是“包裹”，“that ”这个代词是指代的主语，即“package”。这个定语从句修饰的是这个收到的包裹是由朋友寄来的。4. The book in which I found the passage was written by my favorite author.由“in which”的绑定是介词“in”和名词“book”一起构成的短语。这个短语修改的是“passage”，说明这个句子中发现这个读物内容的地方是读到的书中。总之，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句可以使句子结构更加复杂和严谨，使得句子表达更加精准。在书写或口语表达中，留心介词和关系代词的正确用法可以帮助我们构建没有误解、文法正确的句子。

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导 　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. 　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. 　　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. 　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 　　(5) We"ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. 　　(6) We"ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 　　注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等 　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确) 　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误) 　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) 　　(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) 　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) 　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 　　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

(1)介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省 但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构.例如： This is the house to which we lived last year. =This is the house which we lived last year to Please tell me to whom you borrowed the English novel =Please tell me whom you borrowed the English novel to (2).含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上. 　　This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人.

关于介词加关系代词的定语从句的解释如下：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句：The attributive clause guided by the relative pronoun of a preposition。介词+关系代词引导定语从句是介词前置的一种形式，这里有三个特征：当关系代词在从句中是作介词的宾语时，介词常常前置；当介词前置时，关系代词就只能用which、whom，不能用其他的关系代词；当介词前置时，关系代词不能省略。介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。英语前置词：表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。前置词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。同时介词的用法也很灵活，同一个介词可以表达多种意义，介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。

这个有前搭配和后搭配。前搭配就是根据前面的先行词来确定，。eg:the direction in which they come (come in the direction)后配就是定语从句中固定短语的介词 eg:this is a house in which we live( live in the house)

用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则：(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。(3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where,why替换。(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。如：1. He was educated at a local grammarschool, _____ he went on to Cambridge. A.from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2. The schools themselves admit that not allchildren will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. A. inthat B. for that C. in which D. for which3. I have many friends, some _____ arebusinessmen.A. of them B. from which C.who of D. ofwhom4. Mark was a student at this universityfrom 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of theStudents" Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during whose time D. by that time解析：第1题选C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2题选D，考查的对应搭配是betrained for the jobs。第3题选D，some of whom意为“其中有几个”。第4题选A，“他学习努力并被选为学生会主席”应是“从1999至2003年这个期间里”所发生的事，所以用during which time。

不是的，比如The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.此句中合适的副词我目前没想到

(1)介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：　 This is the house to which we lived last year. =This is the house which we lived last year to　 Please tell me to whom you borrowed the English novel =Please tell me whom you borrowed the English novel to (2). 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。　　This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

关系副词即表时间when,地点where ,原因why, 等词,在句中的具体用法要看句子的意思了. 介词加关系代词一般情况下就是介词加which的情况,即in which = where/when (大的时间年月季等或大的地点国家、城市等) at which=where/when(小的时间点 某一时刻 或小的地点 在学校、家等) for which=why 因此,在定语从句中,有介词时,必选which,其意与所对应的关系副词是一样的.

可以，比如：where=in/on which,例句：He knows well the place where he is living.=He knows well the place in which he lives.，望有所助

应该是 介词+关系代词 没有公式 你的以上 所列 只说明 在某种情况下 相等 并不是绝对相等 这重要 牵涉到 介词的用法 1 介词和动词的搭配 2 介词本身的含义 所以 介词加关系代词 的用法 归根结底 是介词的用法 如 he found the desk on which there was a book he found the desk in which there was a book 如果用 where 代替 就不具体 再如 i hid behind the wall from where i could see him. 这里 where 起名词作用=behind the wall 如果用from which 则有逻辑错误 因为 which只能代替the wall 去掉from 直接用 where 也不对 因为 where=from which 介词加whom 也是如此 关键掌握 介词 的用法

这是因为介词加关系代词是固定词组，有一定的意义，不能用关系副词代替如when：ayearduring/inwhichadayonwhichaperiodduring/inwhich反过来就不行

in/at/on which（具体看后面的词而定）

介词加关系代词指代具体，关系副词指代笼统。尽管二者意思相近，也不一定在任何情况下都可以互相取代。例如 when 含 at which (指时刻)、in which (指时间段)、on which (指日期)、during which、since which、about which 等，如果影响句子的准确意思，就不能用 when 代替。

烽火连三月，家书抵万金。